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Operation China Dongxiang March 10 Mongolian spoken in the INNER MONGOLIA thirteenth and fourteenth 3 GANSU centuries.” Only 12% of the Dongxiang are literate in •Xining •Lanzhou QINGHAI Luqu•Jone Chinese. • •Min Xian Scale SICHUAN History: In the thirteenth 0 KM 400 century China was subdued Population in China: by the Mongols. Genghis 373,872 (1990) Khan, in a bid to control the 482,300 (2000) 622,100 (2010) land he had taken over, Location: Gansu, Qinghai, moved some of his Xinjiang, Ningxia garrisons into China. These Religion: Islam Christians: None Known soldiers intermarried with local women and gradually Overview of the developed into their own distinct ethnic group called Dongxiang 4 Countries: China the Dongxiang. Some place- Pronunciation: “Dong-shee-ung” names seem to support this Other Names: Tunghsiang, Santa, theory. For example, Tung, Mongolian Huihui Zhayingtan (Encampment Population Source: Beach), is said to be the 373,872 (1990 census); site of an old Dongxiang 279,397 (1982 census); 5 147,443 (1964 census); garrison. 155,761 (1953 census) Location: SW Gansu: Two-thirds Customs: The Dongxiang are of Dongxiang live in Dongxiang Dwayne Graybill primarily employed as County in the Linxia Hui Prefecture. Smaller numbers live Location: The majority of the more than farmers. Their main crops are potatoes, in Hezheng County and Linxia city; 480,000 Dongxiang live in one long, barley, millet, wheat, and corn. They are a few live in Lanzhou City and spread-out valley in the southwestern part also renowned across China for producing Dingxi District. A few Dongxiang also live in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and of Gansu Province. The Dongxiang region is traditional rugs. Ningxia. a desolate, arid place with a moon-like Status: landscape, even though it is bordered by Religion: Not long after the Dongxiang first An official minority of China the Tao River to the east, the Daxia River to arrived in China, they were converted to Language: Altaic, Mongolian, Eastern Mongolian, Mongour the west, and the Yellow River to the north. Islam. By 1949, when the Communists took Literacy: 12% Approximately 55,000 Dongxiang also live over China, there was one mosque for Dialects (3): in the Ili Prefecture in Xinjiang and in parts every 30 Dongxiang homes and one paid 1 6 Suobana, Wangjiaji, Sijiaji of Qinghai and Ningxia. Muslim worker for every nine families. Religion: Islam Sixty to seventy percent of Dongxiang Christians: None known Identity: The Dongxiang are one of China’s belong to the Old Sect, which emphasizes Scripture: None official minority groups. They were called worshiping at the tombs of Muslim saints. Jesus film: None Mongolian Huihui prior to 1949, when their “The remainder belong to the New Sect, a 7 Gospel Recordings: name was changed to the Dongxiang (East fundamentalist and reformist group.” There Dongxiang #04866 District) people. They call themselves by the were numerous brutal wars between the Christian Broadcasting: None Islamic term Santa. Other Muslims in China two Dongxiang sects in the last century. ROPAL code: SCE00 do not consider the Dongxiang to be a part Status of Evangelization of the Islamic faith because of their Christianity: There has never been a single 96% involvement in drug and prostitution known church or Christian among the rackets. One visitor to the Dongxiang Dongxiang. In the 1940s some described them as “very mean people, with missionaries briefly visited the Dongxiang hard faces.”2 area but were unsuccessful in converting anyone to Christ. In 1993 a Hong Kong- 4% 0% Language: The Dongxiang speak a based organization conducted mass Mongolian language. “Quite a few words in literature evangelism in the main Dongxiang A B C the Dongxiang lexicon resemble words of town.8 The nearest church to the Dongxiang A = Have never heard the gospel the same meaning in Modern Mongolian, is a Han Chinese fellowship in Linxia. The B = Were evangelized but did not become Christians and some are even identical to words Christians there, however, believe “it is C = Are adherents to any form of presently used in Inner Mongolia. Many impossible to reach the Dongxiang.”9 Christianity other words are close to the Middle DONGXIANG 127.
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