Colonization
COLONIZATION
A PERMANENT HABITAT FOR THE COLONIZATION OF MARS
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Engineering Science (Research) in Mechanical Engineering
BY MATTHEW HENDER
THE UNIVERSITY OF AD ELAIDE SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUPERVISOR S – DR. GERALD SCHNEIDER & COLIN HANSEN
A u g u s t 2 0 0 9
APPENDIX A – MAPS OF MARS
This section includes labelled maps of Mars including names of locations and features. The figure below is a diagram indicating the global location of each of the following maps. The maps have been created from Viking Orbiter photographs and coloured based on altitude measured from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimiter (MOLA) instrument, blue the being lowest altitudes and white being the highest.
180°E (180°W) 170°E (170°W) 65° (190°W) 190°E
160°E (160°W) (200°W) 200°E S B O A 150°E (150°W) T R (210°W) 210°E I E
T 70° A 140°E (220°W) (140°W) 220°E S L
A I 1 3 0 °E Korolev (2 (130°W) 3 S 0 V °W 230°E ) Scandia Tholi* 75° COLLES
ia
a
h 1 * 2 0 s °E
e (2 (120°W) p 4 Panc 0 ° Scandia Cavi* W) 240°E Ru
SCANDIA 80°
1 1 0 ° E Scandia Cavi* (2
(110°W) U N 5 D 0 A °W A E * ) 250°E I P M Y L
O
1
0
0
85° ° E
(
2 (100°W) 6
0 E
°
W
60° ) 2 A lba
Fo ss ae PLANUM
270°E (90°W) 90°E (270°W) A balos Un dae
Ta nta BOREUM lus F os is sa u e n e T
s
e
2 p
s* u 8
olle R 0°E C W) los ° Aba s 80 (80°W) u re 2 o us ( rb h e nt BOREA p ri LE y y H ab L 85° 0°E A Undae 8 SM reae A erbo CH yp H
i ore erb yp vi H Ca
reae erbo Hyp ae Escorial Und
2 90 W) °E 0° Sevel 9 (7 2 ( 0 °W E °
) 70
Inuvik 80°
3 ) 0 0 W ° ° E
( 300 6 ( 0 ° W
) 60°E
75°
31 V ) 0 °W °E 0 S 1 (50 3 ( °W °E 0 ) 5 A I
S 320°E L °W) 0 2 (40°W 3 ( °E 0 ) T 70° A 4 I E 33 ) 0°E °W T (3 (330 0°W R ) 0°E A O 3 S 340° B E 0°W) (20° (34 W) 20°E
Lomonosov 3 50°E ( 50°W) 10°W) 65° 10°E (3 0°E (0°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 1000 3000 5000 7000 9000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 180°E (180°W) 240°E 65° 185°E (120°W)65° (175°W) 235°E 190°E (125°W) (170°W) 230°E 195°E (130°W) (165°W) 225°E 200°E 220°E (160°W) 205°E 215°E (135°W) 210°E (140°W) (155°W) (150°W) (145°W)
60° 60° SCANDIA
COLLES
55° 55°
v Milankovic 50° 50° ARCADIA
cadia Dorsa*
Ar 4 ° 5° PLAN 45 I T I A
4 0° 40°
S
TE Cya N n eF
MO
35 o ° ° s 35 sa
AC e
H SSAE E O R S O U F N
B
E N
R O F iacria E R D O A era S M E Pat A S C Z H ONIS AE y C a 30 A ne 1 ° 30° 80 F ) °E os W (18 (120° 0°W s E ) ae 240°
18 5°E P 5°W) (1 L (12 75°W A NI °E ) T IA 235 CI S UL 190 W) °E ( 30° 170 °E (1 W) L Y CUS 230 195 W) °E (16 (135° 5°W) 225°E 200°E 40°W) (160°W) 220°E (1 205°E 45°W) (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (1
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 1000 3000 5000 7000 9000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters
)
W
°
0°
60 3
(
E
00°
3
°
s
5
u
l
3
u
p
o
c
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0
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5
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(
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e
h
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m
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50°
)
W
°
0
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0
9
55°
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A
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S
60°
v
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)
s
a
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b
a
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a 75°
os
(
B
A
F
65°
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s i
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R
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285° F
(60°W) ab
300°E
OT
s L
i
t
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s
a R
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b o
A
M
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T M
(65°W)
295°E
)
M
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°
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8
(
T
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8
(70°W)
290°E
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m
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a
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285°E (75°W)
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21229 Maximum
M
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is 17000
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5
280°E aph
(80°W)
e
ykh
r
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o 15000
. M .
h
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a
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o 13000
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r
s
a
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T M .
h
b
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O . m
(85°W)
n
a i
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m
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r
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t
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z
d (90°W)
Issedon n
a
Gonnus Mons Paterae 5000
G 270°E
(90°W) s
e
t
n
o
Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000
y M
270°E
r
in meters Elevation
volcanos. only on the larger found
u
b a c
i Ayacucho
w a .
n
1000
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-1000
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p
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l
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a
265°E E
(95°W)
-3000 AE )
Issedon Tholus
W Chatturat
. -5000
° S
5
9
(
260°E -7000
E
OS
(100°W) us °
t 5
uc 6 -9000 F
2 Fl
-8200 Minimum
255°E us
(105°W) al
nt
a T
)
a
n W e
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e 0
t
e
t
250°E a 1
a
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(110°W) C
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n
260°
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r
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h
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c
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(115°W) e
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l
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auni 2 B er E C Rav
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A S FO
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IUS N °W
55° 0
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on
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A 5 A
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B l L
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50° n
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°W 5 1
Cyane (1 Catena ° °E 0 5 4 e Fossae 4 Cyan 2
35°
)
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°
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s C
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Can
a 355°E
r
)
C
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°
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(
E
°
0
Lomonosov
4
(10°W) 350°E
3
345°E (15°W)
) 21000
W
°
5
2 19000
(
dalia Colles dalia 21229 Maximum i
c E
° A
17000
5
340°E
(20°W)
3
e
3
sa
15000 a
i
l en
a
M d
ci
13000
A
Dorsa*
11000
335°E
(25°W)
l l
9000
te
s
e
n
o 7000
B
(30°W) 330°E 5000 (30°W)
330°E 330°E Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000
Elevation in meters Elevation found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
1000
0
325°E -1000
(35°W) -3000
) PLANITIA ACIDALIA
W
° 5 -5000
3
(
320°E -7000 E (40°W)
°
5
2 Xanthe 3 -9000 -8200 Minimum ITIA
315°E
(45°W)
AN
)
W
°
40
310°E PL ( (50°W)
E
320°
305°E
(55°W) RYSE
H
C
W) °
300°E 5
(60°W) 4 ( 65°
E °
5
1
3
60°
ya a
k ae
s E s
tin os
y F W)
S °
55°
0
5
Mareotis Fossae Mareotis (
E
s °
MP a 0
r 1 Tempe Fossae Tempe
e 3
ke pe pe sa 50° lo
i n em
e T N M
TE
RRA s
° lu
5 u 4 p
) o
°W Sc 5
(5 TE
°E ° 5 0 0 4
3
s
ra
e
k o
° l i 5
3 N
)
W ° 0 6 ( ° 0 E 3 ° 0 0 3
W)
°
0°
0
0
3
3
(
E
0°
6
°
5 3
Valles
Clanis
s
i
l
l s
a a
s
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0
W
e s
4 ° i
l
l
i
5
a
s
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C
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l
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3
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5
5 °
45
s
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Va
o
i n A
e
0° lo
5 o
C )
A
W
°
0
E 1
3
(
A
A E
°
0
55° R
x 5
B
u
a
R
d
A
ae u
s R E S
n
T 60° e
M )
W °
315
(
65°
E E
45° 60°E
(300°W)
x
u
s re o
u
55°E
M
l
(305°W) )
i
W
°
et 0
on
s
2
s
3
(
ot E
r
°
50°E 0
P (310°W) Queni
4
ae
ae
45°E
s (315°W)
eni 21000
)
os
W
m
°
F
5
19000
2
Is
3
( 21229 Maximum
E 17000
40°E
°
(320°W)
5
RA
3
15000
R
13000
35°E 11000
e
(325°W)
a
9000
s
TE
t n
7000
Me
o
(330°W)
30°E 5000
(330°W)
y
30°E 30°E
Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000
Elevation in meters Elevation
found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
L
1000
0
25°E -1000
(335°W)
-3000
)
W
° -5000 5
3
3
20°E (
-7000
(340°W)
E
°
s
5 s 2 -9000
ilu u
n
s l o
r
lle i
i
te l -8200 Minimum
u n Co l
e
15°E u o D
r
(345°W)
r
e Ce
t
u )
W De
10°E 340°
(350°W) (
E
20° A
5°E
(355°W) MAMERS I VALLES B
)
0°E W °
5
(360°W) 4
65° 3 (
E RA
5
1
ocas A F
n i k 60°
mey ACIDALIA e
S
PLANITIA
W) 55° ° 0
5
3 (
E °
0
1
50°
° 5 4 )
°W 5 5
(3
° 0 °E 4 5
° 5 3
)
W ° 0 6 3 (
30° E ° 0
W)
°
°
0
0
3
24
(
E E
20°
1
°
5
3
)
°
W
0
°
4
5
4
2 (
us E
st ° 5
° ae 11
* 45 ph s
He
Rupe
o
50° )
r
e
W
Viv
250°
(
55° 110 E 110
S
HU 60° INT
R Y )
B W
LA 255°
(
65° E E
105°
120°E (240°W)
ier N
Cydnus S
A
115°E
(245°W) M
)
W DA °
A 0 6
Rupes* 2
(
E
°
0
110 E 110
0
(250°W)
1
105°E (255°W)
21000
)
W
°
5 19000 6
21229 Maximum
2
(
17000
E
100°E
°
(260°W)
5
9 15000
13000 ANITIA ia
p
11000
95°E
(265°W) 9000
S Uto E
UTOPIA L L 7000
O
PL C (270°W) 5000
90°E *
(270°W)
s Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000 90°E 90°E
in meters Elevation e volcanos. only on the larger found
p 1000
0
-1000 85°E
(275°W) Ru
S -3000 U
)
P
W A -5000
° T
5 S
7
A 2 80°E -7000 (
(280°W)
E
°
5 -9000
8 -8200 Minimum
75°E
(285°W)
)
W
°
70°E
280 (290°W) (
E
80°
65°E
(295°W)
)
W 60°E °
5
(300°W) 8
65° 2 (
E ° Pyramus 5 7
Fossae
60°
E
A
) NS W 55° ° E 0
9
2 ( M
dot S °E i A 0 au l I 7 i en T R 50° N R R
R Y
lis OS Hsing Val Huo s ° TE L 5 e 4 l BAEA ) l NI o °W C 5 9
SA (2
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6
s
i
l
l a
e e o ° l 5 o ssa o C
3 F hV
u
k
a
q )
u A W ° 0 0 3 ( 0° 3 E ° 0 6
)
W
°
° 0
8
30 1
(
E
°
0
8
1
°
5
3
)
°
W
0
°
4
5
A
18
(
I
E E
T
175°
5°
4
A
I
ANI D
0° * 5
r sa ) A W
D o ° 0 PL
9
C 1
(
E
°
R
0
55°
7 1
a A g r
h le
P l
al
60° nd
y
T
)
W
95°
1
(
65° E E
Stokes s 165° 180°E
(180°W) t e
r a M o n g ms
l e a h d
P A
175°E
(185°W)
)
W
°
0
0
2 (
Phlegra Montes Phlegra
E
°
0
170°E
6
(190°W)
1
165°E (195°W) 21000
Phlegra Dorsa* )
W
°
5
19000
0 2
21229 Maximum
(
E 17000
°
160°E
5
(200°W)
5
1 15000
m
u
s
r
13000 o
D
s
u
c
a
s
11000
e
A
allis
V
155°E
m
a u (205°W) s
d or
in D 9000
v tyx
u S
B
7000
s
e
l
l
(210°W)
Valles 5000 Trebia
Co
Tholus
Hecates 150°E
(210°W)
9000 meters above Elevations 3000
in meters Elevation
150°E 150°E volcanos. only on the larger found
1000
s
o
a
0
h
C s
-1000
a
i
145°E
x
(215°W) a
l
a
s -3000
G a
i
x
a
l
a
W)
G -5000
° h
_
e g s us 5
y a a i t
o x 1
n la
e
sn F Ga -7000 (2
a
luc 140°E r
K (220°W) F E
5 -9000
s
4
a
i
1
x s e a
n e l a s o a a s s o G F M Panchaia s -8200 Minimum o F e
i 135°E
(225°W)
M
rharen s - it l i I l H a s V ) a i
c x ias W a a l
t d by
r a a ax t n Ga a e o o t o u s r a m l C u d 220° a q 130°E m o r i c e H n ( h U e v s H l d . d a a o i o e (230°W) a Gal r n r g e d a p g a a C M o K im L E e M g
l . Bulhar n . m
o . o R t V a s a . d y a
. l Rupes* i
o r j d
o a G t Oc r a a o
g . b p n u i v 140° L k n i E u l g r s a . u T K b e + . s t ub e
n a Si n
a 2 r g h R i o u g n J . g i r
n . a i d a o m 125°E r k n i s r l a l h a e H u r s a Vi b y o L
. ll p n B (235°W) r n o V e a u l o r l k C o d a y K o . . a J W
. a B r . . . . g me n
e o ' o h c W n
a - u s H s ) d Apsu Vallis a W r °
120°E H 5
2 (240°W) 2
65° (
Rupes*
E °
5
a 3 r
1
a Cydnus m
u a
d K
n i 60°
Or
s alle n V i a us ic ) N n Gra W e ° u 55° 0 g 3 r a n au a e 2 o t s t h ( c T S ' A . l co ju E u in ° e Na h K 0
. C 3
1 k a l l e o V s 50°
Ryn
r a j n ° i 5 les 4 T ) ra f u Val °W K s cu 5 ani 3 Gr (2
° °E 0 5 4 2 1
35°
)
W ° 0 4 2 ( ° E 30 ° 0 2 1 180°E (180°W) 185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W) 30° 30°
I C L SU
Tartarus US LYC
25° 25°
Colles* s e p u AMAZONIS R
s
20° u 20° p OLYMPUS LYCUS m
y
l MONS O
S U LCI
15° 15° PLANITIA
Marte Vallis Pettit
10° 10°
Eumenides
G o r d i i
5° 5° Dorsum D
ors
u m
Nicholson 0° 0° 180°E (180°W) 185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 225°E (135°W) 230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W) 30° 30° Cyane
Ceraunius
Fossae Lycus
Fossae
e
a
s s
o
F
C
e Sulci x y
le a a
s a n Uranius
H s Uranius e
Catena o Tholus Patera
Cyane
ossae F F Sulci o Fossae s Rahe s 25° tu 25° s c a F
e ra s
T Ceraunius u
Tholus ni
Olympica ossae a Olympus F ractus s ti Ur T ea Rupes Lab Paros Sulci on Valles Gordii Ceraunius Fossae Rhab
20° ae 20° en at C Jovis Fossae tis Sulci ea Jovis b La Gordii Fossae Tholus OLYMPUS Gordii is beat MONS La Fossae
Rupes 15° 15°
e Gordii Olympus Fossae i lc u Gordii Fossa S s u e a Tharsis r Ascraeus c . Tholus
s Mensa
A ASCRAEUS MONS Gigas 10° 10° C Sulci ha s m a t a Poynting Ascraeus
Ulysses Fossae
ci S ul E e T a s 5° S N 5° O os P F av onis on G is v i a F g o ss a P ae una t s is SM n o a Ulysses v sm or F a a SI o P F ss Patera Ch R ae A H T Biblis Patera PAVONIS MONS 0° 0° 225°E (135°W) 230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W) 280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W) 30° 30°
Nilokeras Mensae
Labeatis Tempe Mensa s i i l lc l Su a V a Valles Sharonov cr o a b Worcester Fossae S Lo Rongxar Kasei X a Guaymas n . t Wassamu h Labeatis e a . e Mensa s Bole . Sabo Bira SACRA MENSA os . Jijiga . F 25° 25° s Uranius ra m e Ottumwa CHRYSE u k Nilus Chaos s o Fossae r il D o N . Leuk o Fossae D . Sucre Poona . Bremerhaven r Lunae Mensa . Blois _ s Sacra . Cadiz Cairns . Broach . .Bordeaux a . Chauk . Voza . Argas . Annapolis < . Troy Okhotsk . Funchal Albany . Amsterdam s . Changsong Vol'sk . . San Juan. u s Olom . . _ i e . Yo r k t ow n . Colon Nilus n ll Dersu .Charleston a Va . Chinook . Dush .Portsmouth . r Viking 1 landing site U i . Newport Rong e . Mirtos + Kingston Ka s .New Haven .. Bristol . Savannah. Nilus Mensae Spur Lexington .Bridgetown Rhabon . .Philadelphia . Chive .Princeton Valles Fesenkov New Bern Sacra Fossae Rauch . Clova . Koy . .Wilmington B is . . Arta . Jama Canso ll I Lisboa Santa Cruz Aveiro Sacra a a . . h a D m .Port-Au-Prince r V o Sögel u La Paz a . r n m sa a
. Nema e . Clogh Sulci . Waspam . Aktaj . Bada th . . Bise Peixe . n Dorsa s Valverde e . Sian 20° Nif . . Olenek . Pica all . Dromore 20° V . Xa X Weer S a a c . o n s Banh p t h u r Herculaneum e Santa Fe ee l Vedra m u o S u s a s D Pompeii Valles M lle a a . V Medrissa c . Northport . r . Glendore Calamar Quick Sulak a SACRA
. Dixie Darvel
DORSA
ja a
M
Balvicar PLANITIA
Montevallo
15° 15° F Cantoura o s a s tul s s a Vi LUNAE e l e l s a le s al V o V Tharis a h Tholus C
r e
st I Mandora
Tibrikot
r
s u b u S llis a o V Vall i s a rin b a S a a h j
a
C M
10° s 10° e ll a nis V a Hy p
PLANUM s u XANTHE h
s c a r y lis T l E a SAC V Oc lis l h s Montes a V u DO s u
Va
h l l c RA n e o s l i E RSA r D
s
le
5° e l 5° a
s Va
s lles
o
F
Va Stege
e
a
t
ja TERRA i n a s d a M u ve e h s c Chia n E Ju a or s Chasma
N D Mutch
Orson
Echu Welles* 0° 0° 270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W) 280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 315°E (45°W) 320°E (40°W) 325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W) 340°E (20°W) 345°E (15°W) 350°E (10°W) 355°E (5°W) 360°E (0°W) 30° 30°
Curie
Xanthe
Dorsa*
s i l Calahorra Swanage l a
V Kipini Guaymas CHRYSE i u T 25° 25°
Lydda
ARABIA
Wahoo Tarsus Libertad Naar s Yoro M .Kaup i a w l r t h l Yar Mut Shawnee a Yuty V V McLaughlin Becquerel Cave Bled a Belz Batos l Wabash . Naukan l
i Lod s
Warra Taxco Bok
Púnsk Hamelin Kin Gold Oxia Colles 20° 20°
Pathfinder + Landing Site Zuni u Rutherford PLANITIA i T Zir
. Bor .Yat Vaux . . Nune Trud .Banff Tile Nutak Yala Luck Oraibi Radau . Ore . Chur Surt Soochow Concord Pylos . Xanthe Ribe Trouvelot Suf- Dorsa* . Lins . Kok A r e 15° s 15°
T i u TERRA s i
l l
a
V
V
Marth
a
S l l
i
i s
m V
Masursky
u a
d
l
l
i
s
Sagan a
n a
10° t 10°
a
b l MARGARITIFER
a
h
S V
s a i l
l l Barsukov
a l
i V s A
r e s
s i l l
a Galilaei a V n
a Crommelin 5° t 5° a XANTHE V
b
l
a
a
l TERRA
h l
u
S i i
s
T H
y
TERRA das p
is C Aram
ha os MERIDIANI
Da Vinci Chaos PLANUM* Hydraote Chaos
Ravi Vallis 0° 0° 315°E (45°W) 320°E (40°W) 325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W) 340°E (20°W) 345°E (15°W) 350°E (10°W) 355°E (5°W) 360°E (0°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 0°E (360°W) 5°E (355°W) 10°E (350°W) 15°E (345°W) 20°E (340°W) 25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W) 40°E (320°W) 45°E (315°W) 30° 30°
Maggini
Luzin
25° 25°
Cassini
ARABIA TERRA
20° 20°
In dus Pasteur Vallis
S
c
a
m
a n
d e r
Gill V a
l
l
i 15° s 15°
Tikhonravov
Henry Arago 10° 10°
Na kto TERRA n g SABAEA
5° 5°
V
a
l l i s Janssen MERIDIANI Teisserenc PLANUM* de Bort Schiaparelli 0° 0° 0°E (360°W) 5°E (355°W) 10°E (350°W) 15°E (345°W) 20°E (340°W) 25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W) 40°E (320°W) 45°E (315°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 45°E (315°W) 50°E (310°W) 55°E (305°W) 60°E (300°W) 65°E (295°W) 70°E (290°W) 75°E (285°W) 80°E (280°W) 85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W) 30° 30° A u Huo Hsing q a k Vallis uh
V
a
l
l i
s
Phison Rupes ARENA
Flammarion Peridier 25° 25°
E SA S O COLLES Baldet F TERRA Antoniadi
NILI 20° Schöner 20°
ISIDIS
Cusus Valles 15° 15°
A s r i e l n l I a a sidis V
SYRTIS MAJOR
D
D s orsa*
o u n r r
s A u
m
PLANITIA
10° Locras 10°
Valles Nili I Patera si d i SABAEA s
Meroe Do Patera rsa
*
5° 5°
PLANUM L I BY A MONTES Teisserenc de Bort Schroeter 0° 0° 45°E (315°W) 50°E (310°W) 55°E (305°W) 60°E (300°W) 65°E (295°W) 70°E (290°W) 75°E (285°W) 80°E (280°W) 85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 90°E (270°W) 95°E (265°W) 100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W) 30° 30°
H G Utopia r anic eph us
Rupes* Valles
ae
s
t Rupes* us
UTOPIA PLANITIA 25° 25° Gastre Naic Ins Utan
.Never . Doon Bluff Goff Neive . Urk . Ulu Tokko
eus Hybla Kasra H Dank E Yalata P Brush H A Tokma E H Porth Telz S e Fossae Palana T b Ikej U ru . Yebra S s Khanpur . Ome
Lapri
. Angu . Tomari
20° 20°
F Thermia O V . Souris a S Korph ll Moss S e Viana Imgr s A Sevi Meget E Bacht Pina Tolon . Bland . Kachug Linpu Beltra Bak . Basin Torbay Camargo Marbach _ Tur ma . Qiba Tuapi Troika Ajon Tar ma Kaw Kular Onon . Mago Platte Gulch Aban ISIDIS . Littleton Sinda Phon Tejn Tepko Chafe . Xui 15° Cost . Floq s 15° Tumul u Isidis Dorsa*
blae y H
a* s
NEPENTHES Dor PLANITIA
E
Isidis Dorsa* 10° SSA 10°
O
FOSSAE
ELY SIUM PLA
MENTHES F NIT I A S A TERRA HE T N Du S M Martheray E ME
T A EN 5° N 5° O S M A
E
A m A e Y n B t CIMMERIA I h L e s
R u TYRRHENA TERRA p e s
0° Escalante 0° 90°E (270°W) 95°E (265°W) 100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W)
Elevations above 9000 meters -8200 Minimum found only on the larger volcanos. 21229 Maximum 0 5000 7000 9000 1000 3000 -9000 -7000 -5000 -3000 -1000 11000 13000 15000 17000 19000 21000 Elevation in meters 30° 25° 5° 0° 20° 10° 15°
(180°W)
(180°W)
s
i
l
l
a 180°E 180°E 180°E
V
te
Orcus Patera r
a Ple g r a M
S T E N O M (185°W) (185°W) 175°E 175°E 175°E
D o rsa*
*
S
E s
T te
N on O M
s
M be
i
S H
(190°W) (190°W)
COLLES* U
TARTARUS
R
A
170°E 170°E T
R
A
T
*
a
s
r
o
D
(195°W) (195°W)
S
Plegra
U
165°E 165°E 165°E 165°E
21000 R
A
T
19000 R
21229 Maximum
A
17000
T
Lockyer
15000
Montes Phlegra
13000
(200°W) (200°W)
11000
160°E 160°E 160°E 160°E
9000
7000 5000
CERBERUS FOSSAE Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000
Elevation in meters Elevation found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
1000 0
(205°W) (205°W) -1000
ELYSIUM 155°E 155°E 155°E -3000
FOSSAE
Vallis s -5000
i
l
Ituxi l
a
V
us
o -7000
c s Iber
p Vallis
a ium t
a P Elys -9000
Elysium Albor Tholus
ossae
Catena Fossae
F
Albor Fossae
-8200 Minimum Stygis
(210°W) e sa (210°W) os Elysium F Catena
150°E 150°E 150°E is g y t S upes R
m ELYSIUM MONS iu s ly Elysium E Fossae ELYSIUM PLANITIA
e a s s (215°W) o (215°W) F
s
e u
a r – s 145°E
145°E
s y
o
F h
p s
u r y e h p e Z Z
Eddie Vallis a
sm Stura a h
C
Galaxias Fluctus Galaxias
a
m m
siu s
s
ly a
h
E u
e
a C l
b
y
H
e
(220°W) a
(220°W) s
s o
F
s
u
e
a
l
b y H Catena 140°E 140°E Hyblaeus ELYSIUM
e FOSSAE
Hyblaeus Fossa
Granicus Valles (225°W) (225°W) 5° 0° 20° 15° 10° 30° 25° 135°E 135°E 135°E 135°E -5° -10° -25° -30° -15° -20° 0° (135°W) (135°W)
225°E 225°E
225°E 225°E
PLANUM DAEDALIA
(140°W) (140°W)
220°E 220°E 220°E 220°E
ssa ssa
Fo
E
Koval'sky
A
S
S
O
F
Sulci
(145°W) (145°W)
M
onis onis
az
U
m
llis 215°E 215°E a V 215°E
a d n Mu
A
N
s lle a V
a r a Is
lis E l
Va s R nu
Se
s I
A b u s
V a l e l i s p E u
A R
r s S
is
ll i a
V m
s e
u
m a r n e
H
A
s
i
l
l
a
D
u V
b i s
s i
l l
a
V
s
u a T
s S lle a V
ia in T
S
a a
s i l l a V
s u p o s
A s l
e
llis
a a V
l s O u d
a a P g l
V a l
(150°W) n (150°W)
a
M s
e
l
l
a
l F
a a
V
g
n
a
210°E 210°E M 210°E 210°E
s Manga
21000 i
l
l
a
V
o i
n
i
M
i l
s
l 19000
a
V
s
i
b a
S Cobres 21229 Maximum
17000
Vallis
15000 Labou 13000
Bernard
(155°W) (155°W) 11000
alles
205°E 205°E Varus V 205°E 9000
llis
Deva Va s i
Vall
Burton mes r Te 7000
Comas Sola Marca
5000
Vallis
Nicer
MEMNONIA es ll
a s V s
estu N
Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000
Elevation in meters Elevation found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
Medusae Sulci Medusae 1000
(160°W) 0 (160°W) -1000
200°E 200°E 200°E
-3000 -5000
MEDUSAE -7000
Nicholson -9000
FOSSAE -8200 Minimum Columbus Williams (165°W) (165°W) Dejnev 195°E 195°E 195°E 195°E TERRA (170°W) (170°W) SIRENUM 190°E 190°E 190°E Ejriksson (175°W) (175°W)
Memnonia 185°E 185°E 185°E Sulci LUCUS PLANUM (180°W) (180°W) 0° -5° -15° -25° -30° -20° -10° 180°E 180°E 180°E -30° -5° -20° -25° -10° -15° 0° (90°W) (90°W) 270°E 270°E 270°E 270°E . VALLES MARINERIS Oudemans SINAI PLANUM (95°W) (95°W) 265°E 265°E 265°E
S SOLIS U
H PLANUM
E T
A
S
S
O N
F
I
R
Y (100°W)
(100°W)
B Caxias
S
I
T .
C Llanesco O A 260°E 260°E N 260°E .
L . Izendy . Zhigou Nhill
E . SA Koga S .
F O S
I
aritas Kinda es T l (105°W) p C (105°W)
. R u SYRIA C
PLANUM
255°E 255°E O 255°E 255°E
Tecolote 21000 N
. . Lenya 19000
21229 Maximum . 17000 Tame
CLARITAS . Cooma 15000
Mistretta
. 13000
(110°W) (110°W) 11000
250°E 250°E 250°E 250°E 9000
MONTES
7000 5000
Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations 3000 Elevation in meters Elevation found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
PAVONIS MONS 1000
0
(115°W) (115°W)
-1000 THARSIS
245°E 245°E 245°E 245°E -3000
-5000
Oti Fossae Oti
-7000
-9000
Chasmata Arsia -8200 Minimum (120°W) (120°W) ARSIA MONS 240°E 240°E 240°E 240°E (125°W) (125°W) 235°E 235°E 235°E 235°E
Aganippe Fossa PLANUM
DAEDALIA
i
c
l
u
S
a
i
s r A (130°W) (130°W) 230°E 230°E 230°E 230°E (135°W) (135°W) 0° -5° -15° -10° -20° -25° -30° 225°E 225°E 225°E 225°E -20° -30° -15° -10° -5° 0° -25°
(45°W) (45°W)
s i
l
l
a
V 315°E 315°E 315°E 315°E l a rg Orson Welles* i N
er
A Eos Chaos sh e
M D s
r li S e
H Val
A H
Capri Mensa*
C s
i
l
l PLANUM
a
V AURORAE
EOS CHASMA
r (50°W)
(50°W)
e
v
la
E I
310°E 310°E 310°E
R P
Ritchey
GANGES CHASMA A
C
TERRA NOACHIS (55°W) (55°W)
XANTHE TERRA
305°E 305°E Mutch
305°E 305°E S
E
A S
S
O
F
I
S I
R
R A T
C
E E N OPHIR PLANUM
N a ASMA v a t
I (60°W) (60°W) n Pro Ibragimov s
lle 300°E
300°E R Va 21000 Chasma
Hydrae Chasma
Juventae Juventae A 19000
21229 Maximum
M
Lassell 17000
15000
A
S
Baetis Chasma R
13000 DO
(65°W) (65°W) 11000
295°E 295°E 295°E 295°E
Coprates Cate 9000 s
e
l
l
a
V
o PLANUM
n
i
7000
a COPRATES CH ELIS
t F
t
i
THAUMASIA D 5000
Labes
Coprates Elevations above 9000 meters above Elevations Ceti 3000
Elevation in meters Elevation found only on the larger volcanos. only on the larger found
Chasma
1000
Ophir Labes 0
LUNAE PLANUM (70°W) (70°W) -1000
Ganges Catena
Dorsa 290°E 290°E 290°E -3000
e
a
s
Labes
Juventae s
Melas
o -5000 DORSA AE F S
s
FOS
or Baetis Mensa Baetis
-7000
Chao Cand
ia
Candor N MELAS -9000 Mensa
MELAS OPHIR CHASMA
A -8200 Minimum M (75°W) (75°W) S
A
H 285°E 285°E 285°E 285°E Labes MELAS CHASMA
Mensa Ceti
S
E
Candor
Hebes
Mensa
B
E
H DORSA Perrotin Ius Labes Catenae Tithoniae
e a SINAI s s
o (80°W) (80°W)
F
A M S
Echus
Chasma
U
enae DOR 280°E
280°E 280°E
N
Cat
A
S
L
Geryon Montes e P
E Fossae a
i
Tithoniae n S
o
Louros Valles I h L
t L i O
Tithoniae T S
L S (85°W)
(85°W)
A I L 275°E 275°E 275°E
SINAI
V O
PLANUM
IUS CHASMA S
TITHONIUM CHASMA
Calydon Fossa (90°W) (90°W) 0° -5° -25° -15° -20° -30° -10° 270°E 270°E 270°E 270°E