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Durham E-Theses Port employment in eastern Saudi Arabia: problems and prospects Al-Nughimshi, Abdullah M How to cite: Al-Nughimshi, Abdullah M (1998) Port employment in eastern Saudi Arabia: problems and prospects, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4738/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk PORT EMPLOYMENT IN EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the written consent of the author and information derived from it should be acknowledged. PH D THESIS SUBMITED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY BY ABDULLAH M. AL-NUGHTMSHI January, 1998 0 jWj^V fQQfJ I IUTT T0£ THE CO ASSXOJVATf; Abstract i ABSTRACT PORT EMPLOYMENT IN EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS By: Abdullah, M. Al-Nughimshi (1998) Social, cultural and economic influences have combined to create a shortage of national manpower in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to investigate the extent of those shortages in port labour. The main focus is on port labour problems and prospects in the ports of Eastern Saudi Arabia on the Arabian Gulf, the selected ports being Jubail, Ras Tannurah and Dammam. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first deals with setting the scene including analysis of development planning and manpower problems as well as the impacts of cultural and social background on labour supply. This part also includes an analysis of port hinterland and an investigation of port labour management of the studied ports. The second part includes field investigation starting with general characteristics of port labour, training problems, the problems of housing and the journey to work and how employees from various organisations in ports suffer from commuting problems. This part also includes discussion of employees' perceptions of various factors leading to shortage of indigenous manpower in port work. Finally, in order to present a clear understanding of employment problems and port labour prospects, investigation of employees' job satisfaction is undertaken. This will be particularly relevant during the transfer of port operations to the private sector. The study findings indicate that the majority of port employees are expatriates. Little has been achieved to increase recruitment of national manpower among port private contractors. It was found that the manufacturing sector was prominent in the port and port-related industries, particularly in Ras Tannurah and Jubail ports. The increased use of new cargo handling techniques in those ports reduced the dependence on low paid labour-intensive work, which is mainly carried out by expatriate labourers. However, trade sector activities continued to depend on foreign labour in stevedoring, containerisation and other technical port work which is mainly conducted by port contractors. There was little evidence that privatisation of port operation will increase recruitment of domestic manpower. This study shows that most public vocational schools and training centres did not provide the port sector with adequate skilled national manpower. A model was suggested to benefit from those institutions by on- the-job training leading to full-time employment. However, due to the tribal background of most of Saudi individuals, it has been found that several behavioural attitudes prevail which have a negative effect on training and other work issues. It was revealed that long distance and time of commuting, along with weather conditions clearly make training rather unattractive to most port employees. Regarding national manpower shortages in the port sector, it was revealed that the beneficial effect of the lower cost of hiring foreign employees was seen as affecting the recruitment of Saudis in ports. However all segments of employees showed low levels of satisfaction with pay and other port job benefits. Dedication DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this doctoral thesis to my brother, Ali (Abu Ahmed) with my best appreciation of his encouragement and support and care. Declaration iii DECLARATION The work presented in this thesis is entirely my own and has not previously been submitted at this or any other university. Copyright 1998 by Abdullah M. Al-Nughimshi The copyright of this thesis rests with author, Al-Nughimshi. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. Acknowledgements IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, this stage in my educational career would not have been reached without the blessing and mercy of God . There are a number of individuals and organisations who have contributed significantly to this thesis. Without their cooperation, understanding and encouragement, this research would never have been completed. In particular, I am deeply indebted to my chief supervisor Professor G.H. Blake, Director of the International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU) of the Geography Department for his tremendous support, guidance and encouragement. His sincerity and strong commitment are surely reflected throughout the study. His patience and understanding during the difficult periods were always a source for me in the process of developing this work. I also wish to express my deepest thanks to my second supervisor Mr. Alan Townsend, for his generous assistance, helpful comments and criticisms. My thanks and appreciation are extended to all members of the staff and post graduate colleagues in the Department of Geography and some other Departments in Durham University. In particular, I am very grateful to Dr. J Townsend for her helpful guidance and assistance since I started my study in Durham. I also wish to thank Mr and Mrs Hudspeth, Mr C Mullaney, Mrs J Andrews and Mrs Alexandra Barfield for their administrative, technical and other departmental facilities provided to me. I wish to acknowledge my postgraduate and academic colleagues, Dr. A Al-Ghamdi, Dr. S. Al- Own and Dr. M. Al-Shahrany for their helpful comments, and many thanks go to Dr. Z. Al-Faifi for his valuable assistance related to computer and statistical methods. This study could not have been conducted without the assistance and encouragement of many individuals and organisations in Saudi Arabia in general and Eastern Province in particular. First of all, I am indebted and thankful to The King Khalid Military Acacemy (KKMA) for the schoolarship provided to me during my study in the UK. On the top, I am very grateful to Prince Muteb Ben Abdullah the Commander of The KKMA for his support and encouragement. My best gratitude also goes to Dr. Abdurrahman Al-Subait Deputy of National Guard for Technical Affairs on his highly support since my involvement in the KKMA. Many thanks go also to all my colleagues at the Department of Humanities of the KKMA for their support and encouragement during the field work. I am also indebted to National Guard Office in London particularly Mr Saleh Al-Rebdi, Mr M Addabi and Mrs Nuzhat for their co-operation and valuable assistance. I am also indebted and grateful to top officials, department managers and respondents from selected organisations and authorities from government and private sectors. I wish to thank Dr. H. Mansour the General secretary of Manpower Council for his support and advice. My thank goes also to Mr. F. Al-Towajri of the Ministry of Interior for providing me some important figures related to foreign manpower. I am also indebted to all officials from the Saudi Port Authority (SPA) whom I met at the main headquarters in Riyadh. First, my deepest thanks go to Dr. F. Badr the former president of the SPA for his supportive comments and encouragement when I met him during the first stage of this study in summer, 1994. Sadly, he passed away a few months ago ( God's mercy be upon him). I also wish to thank Dr. M. Baker the general director of the SPA for providing me with official letters to the principals of Acknowledgements v the studied ports to conduct my field survey and facilitating contacts with port employees. I am very thankful to all people whom I interviewed or provided with an assistance. From Dammam port I wish to thank Mr. N. Al-Naeem Assistant General Director of Dammam Port, Mr. A. Al-Hammad Director of Operation Affair, F. Al- Musa Public Relation Manager and his assistant Ali Al-Kamoukh, Captain J. Al- Zahrani Public Relation Officer of the Border Guard. Mr. N. Al-Dossari Operation Manager of Delta company, Mr. M Sami of Gulf Stevedoring Company, and S. Salem Operation Manager of Glob Marine. From Ras Tannurah, I am very grateful to Mr. M. Yones Port Captain of Terminal Pilotage and Services Division at Ras Tannurah, Captain F. Al-shabrami Chief Harbour Pilot of Ras Tannurah from Aramco whom their assistance was very much helpful as conducting a research or provided with data were very much restricted to external researchers. Gratitude goes to Mr. O. Al-Migren Ras Tannurah Port Manager of SPA whose your comments were helpful to me to deal with the multiple authority in the Port of Ras Tannurah.
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