Detailed Index for Dr.Murali Bharadwaz’s E-Learning Material

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Index For E-Learning Content

Sno Subject Page No

1 ENT 1 2 Pathology 7 3 Microbiology 20 4 Psychiatry 28 5 General Medicine 32 6 Dermatology 50 8 Pharmacology 51 9 Physiology 63 10 Biochemistry 78 11 Anatomy 86 12 Ophthalmology 93 13 Gynecology 97 14 101 15 SPM 106 16 Pediatrics 113 17 Orthopedics 119 18 Forensic Medicine 121 19 Surgery 128 7 Anesthesia 148 20 Radiology 149 21 MCQ 169

ENT

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

ENT Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB) AIIMS ENT Lec-01 0:43:17 147 Lec-02 0:47:00 160 Lec-03 0:33:44 115

ENT Test 444 Lec-01 0:38:23 131 Lec-02 0:39:17 134 Lec-03 0:25:56 89

ENT Notes

ENT Notes No. of Pages = 118

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ENT Lec 01 Š External acoustic meatus 0:40:46 139 Š Tympanic Membrane Š Pars Tensa Š Pars Flaccida Š Layers of Tympanic Membrane Š Middle Ear Š Round window or the fenestra Cochleae Š Mastoid Antrum Š Eustachian(Pharyngotympanic) Tube Š Tympanic Cavity Š Ossicles of the Middle Ear Š Ossicles

Lec 02 Š Tensor tympani 0:37:45 129 Š Stapedius Š Tympanic Plexus Š Frey's syndrome Š Chorda Tympani Nerve Š The Internal Ear Š Bony Labyrinth Š Semicircular canals Š Cochlea Š Scala Vestibuli Š Scala tympani Š Membranous Labyrinth Š Cochlear duct Š Utricle and saccule Š Endolymphatic duct and sac Š Blood Suply of Labyrinth Š Conductive Hearing loss Š Sensorineural(SN) hearining loss Š Test air Conduction (AC) Š Test bone Conduction (BC) Š Rinne Test Š False negative rinne Š Weber test

Lec 03 Š Absolute bone condition test 0:41:54 143 Š Schwabach's test Š Interpretation of tuning fork tests Š Audiometrics Tests Š Pure Tone Audiometry Š Speech Audiometry Š Discrimination Score (DS) Š Half Peak Level (HPL) Š Shape of the speech audiogram Š Carhart's notch Š BakesyAudiometry Š Impedance Audiometry Š Tympanometry Š Types of tympanogram Š Acoustic reflex Š Special test of Hearing Recruitment Š Short increment sensitivity index (SISI test )

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ENT Lec 04 Š Threshold tone decay test 0:19:33 67 Š Evoked Response audiometry Š Electrocochleography(EcoG) Š Auditorybrain-stem responses Š Conductive Hearing loss and its mnagement Š Clues to the diagnosis of conductive Hearing Loss Š Stapededectomy Š Tympanoplasty Š Hearing aid Š Myringoplasty Š Repair of ossiculer chain

Lec 05 Š Sensorincural learning loss and its management 0:35:24 121 Š The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss Š Clues to the Diagnosis Hearing Loss Š Aetiology of SNHL Š Syphilis of the inner ear Š Presbyacusis Š Viral labyrinthitis Š Familial Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss Š Sudden Hearing Loss Š WHO (1980)classification Š Degree of hearing loss Š Laboratory tests of vestibular function

Lec 06 Š Modified kobrak test 0:30:59 106 Š Fitzgerald -Hallpike test (Birthermal caloric test) Š Disorder of Vestibular System Š Otomycosis Š Otitis externa haemorrhagica Š Herpes Zoster oticus Š Malignant (necrotizing otitis exterm Š Myrngitis bullosa Š Tympanosclerosis Š Acute Suppurative Otitis Media Š Myringotomy Š Cortical mastoidectomy Š Otitis media with effusion

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ENT Lec 07 Š 1.otitis media,acute (2),AD 0:49:33 169 Š Canal wall up procedures Š Serious otitis media Š Acute otitis media with effusion Š Malfunction of Eustachian tube Š Grommet insertion Š Tympanotomy or cortical mastoidectomy Š Retraction pockets and cholesteatoma Š Cholesterol granuloma Š Recurrent Acute Otitis Media Š Cholesteatoma Š Chronic Suppurative Otitive Otitis Media Š Atticoantral Š Differences between attricoantral and tubotypanic type of CSOM Š Tubotympanic Type Š Otogenic brain abscess

Lec 08 Š Tubercular otitis media 0:41:19 141 Š Acute Mastoiditis: Otorrhea Š Acute Mastoiditis: Subperiosteal Mastoid Abscess Š Cortical mastoidectomy Š Zygomatic abscess Š Bezold's abscess Š Citelli's abscess Š Meatal abscess(Luc's abscess) Š Marked(Latent) Mastoiditis Š Petrositis Š Gradenigo's syndrome Š Facial Paralysis Š Myringotomy or cortical mastoidectomy Š Labyrinthitis Š Diffuse serous labyrinthitis

Lec 09 Š Diffuse suppurative labyrinthisis 0:27:24 94 Š Intracranial Complications of Otitis Media Š Extradural Abscess Š Subdural Abscess Š Otogenic Brain Abscess Š Cerebellar abscess Š Temporal Lobe Abscess Š Lateral Sinus Thrombophlebitis(synsigmoid Sinus Thrombosis) Š Griesinger's sign Š Tobey-Ayer test Š Crowe -Beck test Š Otitic hydrophatus Š Clinical features

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ENT Lec 10 Š Octosc lesions (syn-otospongiosis) 0:50:50 173 Š Bell's Palsy Š Melkersson's Syndrome Š Herpes Zoster Oticus(Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome) Š Schirmer's test Š Stapedial reflex Š Meniere's Disease Š Tests to differentiate a cochlear from a retrocochlear lesion Š Caloric test Š Variants of Meniere's Disease

Lec 11 Š Glomus Tumour 0:41:20 141 Š Acoustic Neuroma (syn.eighth Nerve Schwannooma or Neurilemmoma)

Lec 12 Š Hearing Loss 0:47:17 161 Š Assement of hearing in infants and children Š Bone conduction hearing aid Š Indication for hearing Aid Š Cochlear Implants Š Speech processor Š Anatomy of Nose Š Nerve Suply of Nasal Cavity Š The greater petrosal nerve

Lec 13 Š Encephalocele or meningoencephalocele 0:20:57 72 Š Nasal septum Š Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS) Š Submucous resection (SMR) operation Š Septoplasty Š Perforation of Nasal Septum Š Aetiology Š Atrophic Rhinitis (Ozaena) Š Young's operation Š secondary Atrophec Rhinitis Š Rhinitis Sicca Š Rhinitis Caseosa

Lec_14 Š Rhinoscleroma 0:38:55 133 Š Mikulicz cells Š Russell bodies Š Lupus Vulgaris Š Rhinosporodiosis Š Aspergillosis Š Mucormycosis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ENT Lec 15 Š Foreign bodies 0:39:41 135 Š Rhinolith Š Nasal Myasis (Maggots in Nose) Š Choanal Atresia Š CSF Rhinorrhoea Š Bilateral Ethmoidal Polyp Š Antrochoanal Polyp Š Blood supply of nose Š Little's area Š Causes of Epistaxis Š Differences between anterior and posterior epistaxis. Lec 16 Š Fractures of Maxilla 0:40:17 138 Š Oro-Antral fistula Š Anatomy of paranasal sinuses Š Maxillary sinus (Antrum of Highmore) Š Frontal sinus Š Ethmoidal Sinuses (Ethmoid Air Cells) Š Sphenoid Sinus Š Acute maxillary sinusitis Š Acute frontal sinusitis Š Acute ethmoid sinusitis Š Inverted papilloma Lec 17 Š Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus 0:28:12 96.7 Š Herpetic gingivostomatitis Š Vincent's infection(Acute necrotizing) Š Aphthous ulcers Š Leukoplakia Š Erythroplakia Š Ludwig's Angina Š Killian's Dehiscence Š Waldeyer's ring Š Nasopharynx (epipharynx) Š Hypopharynx (Laryngopharynx) Lec 18 Š Pyriform sinus (fossa) 0:32:17 110 Š Adenoids Š Nasopharyngeal fibroma (Juvenile nasopharyngeal Š Nasopharyngeal Cancer Š Acute Pharyngitis Š Applied Anatomy of Palatine (faucial) tonsils Š Acute Tonsillitis

Lec 19 Š Peritonsillar Abscess (Qunisy) 0:37:03 126 Š Interval tonsillectomy Š Retropharyngeal Abscess Š Chronic Retropharyngeal Abscess Lec 20 Š Parapharyngeal Abscess 0:36:22 124 Š Carcinoma of the hypopharynx Š Carcinoma Pyriform Sinus Š Carcinoma Postcricoid region Š Anatomy of Larynx Š Lryngeal cartilages Š Laryngeal joints Š Muscles of Larynx

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ENT Lec 21 Š Ventricle (sinus of Larynx) 0:39:18 134 Š Vocal folds (true vocal cords) Š Glottis (rima glottides) Š Lmphatic drainage Š Reinke's space Š Acute Epiglottitis (Syn supraglottic laryngitis) Š Acute Laryngo-Tracheo- Bronchitis Š Laryngeal Diphtheria Š Polypoid degenertion of vocal cords (Reinke's Oedema) Š Tuberculosis of Larynx Š Laryngeal web Š Laryngeal Paralysis Š Recurrent Laryngeal nerve Š Superior Laryngeal nerve Š High vagal lesions Š Recurrent Laryngeal nerve paralysis Š Paralysis of Superior laryngeal nerve Š Combined (complete) paralysis

Lec 22 Š Congenital vocal cord paralysis 0:33:42 115 Š Laryngocele Š Juvenile papillomas Š Adult- onset papilloma Š TNM Classification of cancer larynx

Lec 23 Š Supraglottic cancer 0:37:30 128 Š Glottic cancer Š Diagnosis of Laryngeal cancer History Š Total laryngectomy Š Functional aphonia (hysterical aphonia) Š Puberphonia (mutational falsetto voice) Š Phonasthenia Š Hyponasality (rhinolalia clausa) Š Tracheostomy Š Permanent tracheostomy.

Lec 24 Š Endotracheal intubation Š Lryngeal foreign body 0:33:45 115 Š Types of lasers Š Cryosurgery

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PATHOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Pathology Mock Tests Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Pathology Lec-01 0:39:46 136 Lec-02 0:40:40 139 Lec-03 0:39:17 134 Lec-04 0:37:56 129 Lec-05 0:39:00 133 Lec-06 0:43:00 146 Lec-07 0:24:46 85

Pathology Test 503 Lec-01 0:40:24 132 Lec-02 0:19:43 67.7 Lec-03 0:28:21 97.3

Pathology Notes

Pathology Notes No. of Pages = 265

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 01 Š Increased intracranial Pressure 0:40:46 139 Disorders of central Š Uncal hermiation nervous system Š Congenital disorders of the central nervous system (DNS) Š communicating hydrocephalus Š non communicating hydrocepthalus Š Hydrocephalus ex vacuo Š Arnold Chiari Malformation -Gross Š Dandy -Walker malformation Š Open neural defects Š anencephaly Š Spina bifida Š Spina bifida occulta Š Meningocele Š Sringomyelia

Lec 02 Š Neurocutaneoys syndromes 0:38:29 131 Š Tuberous sclerosis Š Infection of the CNS Š Leptomeningitis Š CSF findings in bacterial meningitis Š CSFfindings in viral meningitis Š Chronic granulomatous leptomeningitis Š Tuberculosis - Basal meningitis Š AIDS-Crytococcal cysts: Chronic

Lec 03 Š Inclusion bodies 0:36:05 123 Š Lewy bodies Š Lafora's bodies Š Arboviruses Š Slow virus disease Š SSPE Š PML Š Creutzfeldt -Jakob (CJ) disease Š Kuru Š Crerebral abscess Š Neurosyphilis Š Tabes dorsalis

Lec 04 Š Tabes dorsalis 0:39:17 134 Š CNS trauma Š A cerebral concussion Š Cerebral contusion Š Acute epidural hematous Š A sudural hematoma Š Pathophysiology of stroke Š Vascular injuries in CNS Š Laminar necrosis Š Watershed infarcts Š Hemorrhagic INFARCTION Š Atherosclerotic strokes Š TIAs Š Intraacerebral hemorrhage

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PATHOLOGY Lec 05 Š Charcot - Bounchard microaneurysms. 0:37:55 129 Š Subarachnoid hemorrhages Š Congenital aneurysms Š Multiple sclerosis (MS) Lec 06 Š Leukodystrophies 0:39:38 135 Š Adrenoleukodystrophy Š Metachromatic leukokystrophy Š Krabbe's disease Š Alzheimer's diseases (AD) Š Pick 's disease Š Idiophathic parkinsonism Š Huntington's disease (HD)

Lec 07 Š Friedreich 's ataxia 0:40:31 138 Š Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Š Metabolic and toxic encephalopathies involving the CMS and PMS Š Wilson's disease

Lec 08 Š Hepatic encephalopathy 0:33:53 115 Š Vitamin B12 deficiency Š Wernicke 's encephalopathy Š Korsakoff's psychosis Š tumors involving the CNS and PNS Š Astrocytomas Š Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) Š Oligodendrogliomas Š Ependymomas Š Medulloblastomas Š Meningiomas, Metastasis Š Malignant CNS lymphomas Š Schwannomas (neurilemomas) Š Types of CNS and PNS diseases associated with AIDS Š AIDS dementia complex (ADC) Š Disorder of the peripheral nervous system Š Peripheral neuropathy

Lec 01 Š Nonneoplastic disorders of the vulva 0:40:47 139 Female Š Vulvar dermatoses Reproductive Tract Š Lichen sclerosus Š Squamous hyperplasia (Lichen simplex chronicus) Š Nonneoplastic disorder of vagina Š A Gartner duct cyst, Vaginal adenosis Š A cervical PaP ( i.e., Papanicolaou) test Š Low and High dysplasia Š Endocervical polyps, Endometrial polyps Š Acute and chronic cervicitis Š Nonneoplastic disorders of the uterus Chronic endometritis Š Endometrial hyperplasia, Hydatids of Morgagni Š Cystic hyperplasia (simple hyperplasia) Š Complex hyperplasia, Adenomyosis Š Disorder of the fallopian (uterine ) tube Ectopic (EP)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PATHOLOGY Lec 02 Š Nonneoplastic disorders of the placenta 0:39:12 134 Š A normal chorionic villus Š Placenta Previa Š Placenta accreta Š Abruptio Placentae Š Identical twins Š Fetus - to -fetus transfusion Š Chorioamnionitis Š Pregnancy - induced hypertension ( PIH) Š Polyhydramnios Š Oligohydramnios Š Neoplastic disorder of the vulva Š Vulvar dysplasia Š Extramammary Paget's disease Š Neoplastic disorder of the vagina Š Viginal SCC Š Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Š Cervical dysplasia Š Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) Š Kolocytic atypia (HPV effect ) Š Cervical SCC (least common of the gynecologic cancers) Š Leiomyomas ("fibroids ") Š Endometrial adenocarcinoma Š Adenoacanthomas Š Adenosaquamous carcinomas Š Leiomysarcomas

Lec 03 Š Neoplastic disorders of the ovary 0:19:47 68 Š Surface epithelial tumors Š serious tumors Š Serous cystadenocarcinomas Š Mucinous tumors Š Mucinous cystadenomas Š Endometrioid carcinomas Š Brenner tumors Š Cystic teratomas Š Mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts) Š Immature teratomas Š A struma ovarii Š Dysgerminomas Š Endodermal sinus , or yolk sac, tumor Š Granulosa cell tumors Š Thecomas Š Hillaar cell, or Leyding cell, tumors Š Gonadoblastomas Š Krukenberg's tumors Š Neoplastic disorder of the placenta

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 04 Š Hydatidiform mole 0:47:32 162 Š Invasive mole Š Choriocarcinoma Š Menstrual cycle Š Proliferative Phase Š Secretory phase Š Fertilization Š Serum testosterone Š Sex hormone - binding globulin (SHBG) Š Menopause Š Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) Š Anovulatory cycle Š Turner's syndrome Š Primary dysmenorhea (painful menses ) Š Hissutism Š Breast disease Š Breast mass Š Lactiferous ducts and sinuses Š Fibrocystic change Š Acute mastitis Š Traumatic fat necrosis Š Neoplastic disorder of the Fibroadenomas Š Intraductal papillomas Š Breast cancer Š Mammography Š Intraductal carcinoma Š Infiltrating ductal adenoacarcinoma Š Medullary carcinoma Š Colloid (mucinous)carcinoma Š Paget's disease of the breast Š Inflammatory carcinoma Š Laobular carcinomas Š Cystosarcoma Phyllodes Š ERA/PRA receptor, Alumpectomy Š modified radical mastectomy Lec 01 Š Overview of endocrine disease 0:35:52 122 Disorders of Š Negative feedback Endocrine System Š Stimulation tests Š Suppression tests Š Pituitary hypofunction disorders Š Hypopituitarism Š Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma Š Pituitary Chromophobe Adenoma Š Precocious Puberty Š Metyrapone test Lec 02 Š Sheehan's syndrome 0:41:35 142 Š Craniopharyngiomas Š Diabetes insipidus ( DS) Š Central DI Š Nephrogenic DI Š Water deprivation test Š Acromegaly Š Prolactinoma Š Thyroid function tests Š Resin T3 update (RTU) Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 11

Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 03 Š Free T4 index (FT4-1) 0:37:09 127 Š Serum TSH Š Radioactive 131 I uptake Š Nodules int the thyroid Š Hot nodules Š cold nodules Š Nonneoplastic disorders Š Thyroglossal duct cyst Š Thyroiditis Š Acute thyroiditis Š Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (dequervain 's thyroiditis) Š Hashimoto's thyroiditis Š Reidel's thyroiditis Š Thyrotoxicosis Š Graves's disease Š Toxic nodular goiter(Plummer's disease) Š Thyroid scintigraphy Š Hypothyroidism Š Goiter Š A solitary thyroid nodule Š A follicular adenoma Š Papillary adenocarcinoma Š Follicular carcinoma Lec 04 Š Medullary carcinoma 0:22:55 79 Š Hyperparathyroidism Š Primary hyperparathyroidism(HPTH) Š Malignancy - induced hypercalcemia Š Secondary HPTH Š Tertiary HPTH Š Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia Š Primary hypoparathyroidism Š Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism Š Pseudohypoparathyroidism Lec 05 Š Zone glomerulosa 0:34:00 116 Š Zone fasciculate and Zone reticular Š Cushing's syndrome Š Ectopic Cushing's Š High - dose dexamethasone test Š Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) Š Andrenal adenoma Š Hyperfunction tumors of the adrenal medulla Š Pheochromocytoma Lec 06 Š Neuroblastoma 0:33:58 Š Autoimmune destruction Š Addison's disease Š Islet cell tumors Š Insulinoma Š Gastrinoma, Hypoglycemia Š Glucagonoma Š Somatostatinoma Š ViPoma Š Diabetes mellitus Š Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Š Gestational diabetes(GDM) Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 12

Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

Lec 01 Š Normal skin 0:48:33 166 Disorders of the Skin Š Epidermis PATHOLOGY Š Dermis Š Acute eczema Š Subacute eczema Š Chronic eczema Š Atopic dermatitis Š Contatact dermatitis Š Allergic contact dermatitis Š Irritant contact dermatitis Š Contact urticaria Š Seborrheic dermatitis Š Superficial mycoses (dermatophytoses) Š Tinea capitis Š Favus Š Tinea versicolor Š Measles (rubeola) Š German measles (rubella)or "3-day measles" Š infection (fifth disease) Š Roseola(exanthema subitum) Š Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Š Scariet fever Š An actinic (solar ) keratosis Š Lichen planus Š Lichen planopilaris Š Psoriasis Lec 02 Š Pityriasis rosea 0:30:55 105 Š Discuss vesiculobullous and pustular disorders of the skin Š Herpes zoster (shingles) Š Chickenpox Š Impetigo Š Scalded skin syndrome Š Language of Dermatology Š Primary Lesions Š Secondary Lesions Š Distinct Lesions Š Nodule Š A papule Š Tumor Š Pustule Š Cyst Š Scale Š Lichenification Š Erosion Š Ulcer, Wheal Lec 03 Š Keloid 0:28:55 99 Š Acantholysis Š Nilolsky 's sign Š Bullous pemphigoid Š Dermatitis herpetiformis Š Erythema multiforme Š Furuncle Š Carbuncle Š Acne vulgaris Š Acne rosacea Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 13

Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PATHOLOGY Lec 04 Š Angioedema 0:33:05 113 Š Cellulitis Š Erysipelas Š Sstemic lupus erythematosus Š Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) Š Subcutaneous mycoses Š Chromoblastomycosis Š Sporotrichosis Š Mycobacterrium leprae Š Tubeerculoid type Š Lepromatous type Š Eryhtema nodosum Š Skin cancers Š Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Š Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Š Epiderma inclusion cyst Š Pilar cyst(wen) Š Melanocytic disordes Š Vitiligo Š Seborrheic Keratosis Š Acanthosis nigricans Š Freckles (ephelides) Š Lentigo simplex Š A nevocellular nevus Š Dysplastic nevus

Lec 05 Š Multiple dysplastic naevi 0:19:48 68 Š Malignant melanomas Š Xeroderma pigmentosm Š Superficial spreading melanoma Š Lentigo malanomas Š Nodular melanomas Š Acral Lentiginous melanomas Š Breslow system of staging Š Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) Š Porphyria cutanea tards (PCT)

Lec 01 Š Synovial fluid analysis 1:20:54 276 Disorders of the Š Metabolic diseases predisposing to CPPD Musculoskeletal Š Osteorthritis (OA) system and Soft Š Gouty arthritis Tissue Š Primary gout Š Secondary gout Š Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

Lec 02 Š Reiter's syndrome 0:19:16 66.5 Š Psoriatic arthritis Š Enteropathic arthritis Š Infectious arthritis Š Gonococcal septic arthritis Š Lyme disease

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 03 Š Gonococcal septic arthritis 0:26:56 92 Š Lyme disease Š Erythema chronicum migrans Š Osteogenesis imperfecta Š Achondroplasia Š Osteopetrosis Š Osteoporosis Š Pyogenic osteomyelitis Š Brodie's abscess Š Tuberculous osteomyelitis Š Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformants)

Lec 04 Š paget's disease 0:32:59 113 Š Fibrous dysplasia Š Albright's syndrome Š Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Š Fibrous cortical defects and nonossifying fibromas

Š aneurysmal bone cyst Š Neoplastic disorders of the bone primary bone tumors

Š Osteochondroma Š Enchondroma

Lec 05 Š Chondroblostoma 0:41:08 140 Š chondrosarcoma Š osteosarcoma Š Cinical pearls bone tumors Š Patterns of growth and Bone Desturction Š Type of periosteal Reaction Š Patters of matrix mineralization Š Osteoid Š Chondroid Š Bone-forming Tumors Š osteoma Š Osteoid osteoma Š Osteobastoma Š Osteogenic sarcoma Š Ewings's sarcoma

Lec 06 Š Ewings's sarcoma 0:38:12 130 Š Osteochondroma Š Enchondroma Š Giant cell tumors Š Chondroblostoma Š Fibrous dysplasia Š Chordoma Š Eosinophilic Granulioma (EG) Š Solitary Bone Cyst (SBC) Š Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 07 Š Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) 0:52:08 178 Š Osteoblostoma Š Musicle disorders Type I Fibers Š Muscle Weakness Š Muscle dystrophy (MD) Š Congenital myopathies Š Myasthenia gravis (MG) Š Ducheenne Muscular Dystrophy; Later Š Facioscapulohumeral (FSH) Dystrophy Š Dupuytren's contracture Š Lipomatous Tumors Š Lipoma Š Liposarcoma

Disorders of the Lec 01 Š Liver function tests 0:39:36 135 Liver Š Cholestasis index Š Cholestasis Š Non Hepatic causes for abnormal LFT Š Morphology of the liver Š Hexagonal lobule Š Portal triads Š Normal bilirubin metabolism

Lec 02 Š Jaundice 0:16:19 56 Š USB hyperbilirubinemia Š CB hyperbilirubinemia Š Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias Š Gilbert syndrome Š Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I Š Dubin Johnson syndrome Š Rotor's syndrome Š Approach to Jaundice

Lec 03 Š Granulomatous hepatitis 0:30:42 105 Š Hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-chiari syndrome) Š Peliosis hepatitis

Lec 04 Š - related liver disease 0:30:32 104 Š Alcohol steatosis Š Alcoholic fatty liver Š Viral hepatitis Š Autoimmue hepatitis

Lec 05 Š Primary bile acids 0:44:06 151 Š Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Š Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) Š Hemochromatosis Š Hemosiderosis Š Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) Š Von Gierke's glycogen storage disease Š Liver disease in children Š Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Lec 06 Š Neonatal cholestasis 0:34:46 119 Š Neonatal hepatitis Š Biliary atresia Š Reye's syndrome Š Viral Hepatitis Š Histopathology of acute viral hepatitis Š Chronic viral hepatitis Š Liver biopsy - Chronic persistent hepatitis

Lec 07 Š Cirrhosis 0:24:47 85 Š Morphologic patterns Š Complications associated with cirrhosis Š Portal hypertension Š Hepatorenal syndrome Š Ascites Š Tumors of the liver Š Cavernous hemanglomas Š Liver cell (hepatic) adenomas Š Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Lec 08 Š Angiosarcomas 0:41:29 142 Š Gallbladder cancer Š Cholangiocarcinomas Š Tumors of the pancreas Š Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Š Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas Š Acute peritonitis Š Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Š Gallstones and acute and chronic cholecystitis Š CH stones Š Pigment stones Š Acute cholecystitis Š Chronic cholecystitis Š Porcelain gallbladder Š Cystic fibrosis (CF) Š Chronic pancreatitis Š Chronic calcifying pancreatitis

Š Mechanisms of Hypoxic Cell injury Cell Injury and Lec-01 0:25:20 87 Š Formation, neutralization and clinical significance of Free Adaptation Lec-02 radicals 0:40:00 135 Š Difference between Apoptosis and Cell necrosis

Š Cytoskeletal & membrane abnormalities and growth abnormalities

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Š Congenital and Cystic disease of the Kidney Š Pathogenesys of glomerular diseases which commonly Disorders of kidneys present with the nephritic, nephritic or mixed syndrome Š Pre-renal, Renal, Post-renal cause of acute renal failure Š Causes and complications of CRF Š Acute and Chronic Interstitial Nephritis Š Vascular disorders involving Kidneys Š Obstructive disorders of the Urinary tract Š Benign nonneoplastic disorders of the Lower urinary tract and Male reproductive system Lec-01 0:37:26 128 Lec-02 0:21:39 74.4 Lec-03 0:43:23 148 Lec-04 0:40:31 138 Lec-05 0:39:56 136 Lec-06 0:39:36 135 Lec-07 0:21:41 74.2

Š Lymph Node Architecture Disorders of Lymph Š Disease involving the Lymph Nodes nodes and Spleen Š Causes and clinical significance of Lymphadenopathy Š Disease that produce Reactive Hyperlasia in Lymph nodes Š Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Š Hodgkin’s Disease Š Plasma cell disorders Š Role that mast cells play in disease Š Function aspects of the Spleen Lec-01 0:40:24 138 Lec-02 0:40:19 138 Lec-03 0:38:51 133 Lec-04 0:15:57 54.7

Š Chromosome disorders associated with abnormalities in Genetic Disorders chromosome number and microdeletions Š Mendelian inheritance disorders Š Disorders of involving multifactorial inheritance Š Disorders associated with mitochondrial DNA Š Disorders involving sex differentiation in both males and females Lec-01 0:43:22 148 Lec-02 0:16:19 56.3

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Disorders of the Š Normal and abnormal hematopoiesis in the bone marrow Red and White Š Components of a complete blood cell count (CBC) blood cells Š Normal components of bone marrow examination Š Review of Microcytic, Normocytic and macrocytic anemia’s with reference to Pathogenesis, Clinical features and laboratory abnormalities. Š Quantitative and qualitative White blood cells disorders Š Myeloproliferative disorders Š Differential diagnosis of polycythamia Š Myelodysplastic syndrome Š Acute and chronic leukamias Š Sepsis Š Selected disorders that commonly involve blood Lec-01 0:41:28 141 Lec-02 0:39:44 136 Lec-03 0:38:21 131 Lec-04 0:32:59 113 Lec-05 0:22:00 79 Lec-06 0:41:23 141 Lec-07 0:39:50 136 Lec-08 0:35:10 120 Lec-09 0:38:44 132 Lec-10 0:42:49 146 Lec-11 0:40:17 137 Lec-12 0:18:24 63.3

Disorders of the Š Outline normal and abnormal lipid metabolism Vascular system Š Discuss diseases of the arterial system Š Review disorders involving the venous system Š Review Disorders involving Lymphatic system Š Vasculitis syndromes and their pathogenesis Š Understand the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and cause of hyper tension Š Types of cardiac hypertrophy Š Similarities and differences between left, right and high- output cardiac failure Lec-01 0:59:10 202 Lec-02 0:40:52 139 Lec-03 0:18:31 63.7 Lec-04 0:13:11 45.5 Lec-05 0:40:15 137 Lec-06 0:42:51 146 Lec-07 0:36:55 126 Lec-08 0:29:00 99.5

Vascular System Lec-01 0:44:58 153 Part II Lec-02 0:47:22 162 Lec-03 0:41:41 142 Lec-04 0:51:00 174

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PATHOLOGY Š Common benign and malignant disorder of the oral cavity Š Nonneoplastic and neoplastic disorders involving the GIT esophagus Š Pathogenesis of Pyloric stenosis, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, Cancer of the stomach Š Pathophysiology of malabsorption and disorders Š Obstructive, vascular and diverticular disorders of the small and large bowel Š Compare and contrast ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease

Š Polip types, polyposis syndromes Š Common cancer of small and large bowel Š Common disorder associated with the appendix and anus Lec-01 0:40:34 138 Lec-02 0:41:49 143 Lec-03 0:31:54 109 Lec-04 0:46:21 158 Lec-05 0:39:15 134 Lec-06 0:21:46 74.5

Immuno Pathology Š Complement components Š Classical and alternative pathway Š Major histocompatibility complex Š Laboratory assessment in replantation Š Laboratory and clinical aspects of the hypersensivity disorders Š Caplan’s syndrome Lec-01 0:43:56 150 Lec-02 0:34:19 117 Lec-03 0:44:45 152

Inflammation and Š Vascular events in acute inflammation Repair Š Primary and specific granules in Neutrophils Lec-01 0:32:40 112 Lec-02 0:40:24 138 Neoplasia Š Nomenclature of tumors and tumor like conditions Š Properties of malignant cells Š Role of oncogenes in cancer Š Grade and stage of cancer Š Host-tumor and tumor-host relationships Š Role of tumor markers in Oncology Š Epidemiology cancer Lec-01 0:35:43 122 Lec-02 0:24:57 85.6

Pathology of Š Common upper respiratory disorders Disorders of Lung Š Review disorders associated with atelectasis Š Familiar with common locations in the lung associated with the aspiration of particulate matter Š Review disease produced by common respiratory microbial pathogens Lec-01 0:43:56 150 Lec-02 0:39:45 136 Lec-03 0:38:48 132

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MICRO BIOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Microbiology Mock test & Notes Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB) AIIMS Microbiology Lec-02 0:43:28 148 Lec-03 0:45:59 157 Lec-04 0:39:58 136

Microbiology Test499 Lec-01 0:39:47 136 Lec-02 0:37:05 127

Microbiology Notes

Microbiology Notes No. of Pages = 130

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO BIOLOGY Lec 01 Š Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells 0:42:37 145 Š Supravital staining Š Basic Fuchsin staining Š Nigrosin stain Š Gram stain Š Acid Fast staining Š Shape of Bacteria Š The Cell Wall Š Ribosomes Š Mesosomes (Chondroids) Š Intracytoplasmic Inclusions Š A comparison of Cell Walls of Gram Positive and Gram Š Slime Layer and Capsule Š Flagella Š Fimbriae Š Haemagglutination Š Pleomorphism and involutions forms Š Bacterial Growth Curve Š Lag phase Š Log (logarithmic) or exponential phase Š Stationary phase Š Phase of decline Š Factor Affecting Growth Š Sterilisation and disinfection Š Incineration Š Hot air oven-dry heat Š Moist heat

Lec 02 Š Coxiella burnetti 0:36:11 123 Š Steam at atmospheric pressure (1000C) Š Sterilisation Control Š Filtration Š Ionising radiation Š UV Radiation Š Š Glutaraldehyde Š Ethylene oxide Š Riedel Walker test Š Culture Media Š Types of Media Š Enriched media Š Enrichment media Š Selective media & Indicator media Š Mac Conkey's medium Š Nagler's medium Š Transport media Š Buffered glycerol saline Š Culture methods Š Methods of isolating pure cultures Š Identification of Bacteria Š Stormy fermentation Š Catalase production Š Egg yolk reaction

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO BIOLOGY Lec 03 Š Staphylococcus 0:40:26 138 Bacteriology Š Streptococcus Š Serological typing (M protein) Griffith types Š Streptococcus pyogenes

Lec 04 Š Impetigo 0:39:33 135 Š ASO titers Š Group B Š CAMP positive vs CAMP negative Š Group D streptococcus Š Pneumococcus Š Pneumococcal Pneumonia Š Klebsiella Pneumonia Š Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Š Meningococci Š Modified Thayer-Martin

Lec 05 Š Gonococci 0:41:13 141 Š Diphtheria Š Š Elek immunodiffusion test Š Bacillus Š Bacillus anthracis Š Anthrax

Lec 06 Š Clostridium 0:34:42 129 Š Target haemolysis Š Food Š Gas gangrene Š Clostridium tetani Š Tetanolysin Š Tetanus Š Human antitetanus serum Š Clostridium Botulism Š Clostridum Difficile Š Antibiotic associated colitis Š Enterobacteriaceaae-I Coliforms and Š Escherichia Coli Š IMVic

Lec 07 Š E.coli verocytotoxin or verotoxin (VT) 0:38:37 135 Š Gries's nitrite test Š Enteropathogenic E.coli:(EPEC) Š Enteropathogenic E.coli (ETEC) Š Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) Š Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) Š Klebsiella Š Klebsiella pneumoniae Š Proteus Š Enterobacteriaceae - II Shigella Š Enterobacteriaceae - III Salmonella Š H antigen Š Somatic O antigen Š Enteric fever, V: antigen

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO Lec 08 Š Narrow "Dryers" tube 0:44:51 153 BIOLOGY Š Vibrio Cholera Š Cholera Š Vibrio parahaemolyticus Š Vibrio vulnificus Š Pseudomonas Š Pseudomonas aeruginosa Š Pseudomonas mallei Š Yersinia pestis (Pasteurella pestis) Š Plague Š In bubonic plague Š Pneumonic plague Š Septicemic plague Š Haemophilus Š X factor Š V factor Š Satellitism' Phenomenon Š Levinthal's agar Š Filde's agar Š Meningitis Š Laryngoepiglottitis (Croup) Lec 09 Š Haemophilus ducreyi 0:33:14 113 Š Bordetella pertussis Š Brucellosis Š Mycobacterium Š Mycobacterium tuberculosis Š Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acid-fast stain Š Niacin test Š Aryl sulphatase test Š Neutral red test Š catalase-Peroxidase test Š Amidase test Š Nitrate reduction test Lec 10 Š Pulmonary tuberculosis 0:36:00 123 Š TB meningitis Š Atypical Mycobacteria Š Mycobacterium leprae Š Leprosy Š Lepromin test Š Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy (BT) Š Differential Diagnosis of leprosy Š Type I: Reversal Reaction or Lepra Reaction Š Type 2 Reaction: Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) Š Lepromin test Š Early reaction of Fernandez Š Late reaction of Mitsuda Š Treponema Š Venereal syphilis Š Endemic syphilis Š Yaws Š Pinta Š Nicolle's strain Š Reiter's strain Š Syphilis, Reagin Antibody Tests Š Latent syphilis Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 23

Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO Lec 11 Š Primary atypical pnemonia 0:41:02 140 BIOLOGY Š Viral Pneumonia Š Cold agglutination test Š Ureaplasma urealyticum Š Actinomycetes Š Nocardia Š Madura mycosis Š Listeria monocytogenes Š Donovania Granulomatis Š Helicobacter pylori Š Legionella Pneumophila Š Gardnerella Vaginals Š Neill-Mooser or the Tunica reaction

Lec 12 Š General Properties of Viruses 0:10:32 36.5 Š Elution Š Haemagglutination inhibition Š Elution Š Inoculation on the chrioallantoic membrane (CAM) Š Allantoic inoculation Š Organ culture Š Explant culture Š Cell culture Š Diploid cell strains Š Continuous cell lines Š Tube culture Š Cytopathic effect Š Interference Š DNA viruses Š Virus host interactions Š Inclusion bodies Š Cowdry type A inclusions Š Cowdry type B inclusions Š Translation inhibiting' protein (TIP) Š Alpha interferon Š Live vaccines-Advantages Š Live vaccines-Disadvantages Š killed vaccine-Advantages

Lec 13 Š Lysogenic or temperate cycle 0:37:03 127 Š Latent period Š Lysogenic Cycle Š Transduction Š Poxviruses Š Orf (Contagious Pustular Dermatitis) Š Molluscum Contagiosum Š Molluscum bodies Š Herpes viruses Š Alpha herpesviridae Š Beta herpesviridae Š Herpes simplex Š Virus isolation Š Varicella-zoster

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO Lec 14 Š Varicella (Chickenpox) 0:38:45 132 BIOLOGY Š Herpes zoster (Shingles, zona) Š Ramsay Hunt syndrome Š Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) Š Active CMV infection Š Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Š Infectious mononucleosis (Glandular fever) Š Orthomyxovirus Š Haemagglutination Š Antigenic Drift Š Von Magnus phenomenon Š Hepatitis viruses Š Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Š Type B hepatitis

Laboratory Lec 15 Š Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs (NA) 0:43:19 148 Diagnosis Š Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Š HBcAG IgG antibody to HBc Š Super carriers Š Simple carriers Š Mother to child transmission Š HBeAG Š HBV DNA level in serum Š Type D (Delta) Hepatitis Š Type E Hepatitis Š Hepatitis G virus Š Specific tests for HIV infection

Lec 16 Š Medical Mycology 0:38:10 130 Š Yeasts Š Cryptococcosis Š Yeastlike fungi Š Dimorphic fungi Š The systemic classifications of fungi Š Phycomycetes Š Ascomycetes Š Fungi imperfecti Š Chlamydospores' Š Superficial Mycoses Š Pityriases versicolor Š Tinea nigra Š Piedra Š Dermatophytoses Š Microsporum Š Epidermophyton Š Tinea imbricata Š Moccasin-type tinea pedis Š Tinea incognito or steroid modified tinea pedis Š kerion lesion caused by T. verrucosum Š UV light (Wood's lamp) Š Tinea Unguium Š Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis Š Tinea cruris,Tinea pedis Š Candidasis,Deep Mycoses,Subcutaneous mycoses

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO Lec 17 Š Blastomycosis 0:25:40 81.8 BIOLOGY Š Paracoccidiomycosis Š Histoplasmosis Š Aspergillosis Š Mucormycosis Š Rhinocerebral zygomycosis Š Otomycosis Š Oculomycosis Š Mycotic poisoning

Immunology Lec 18 Š Structure of Immunoglobulines 0:34:35 118 Š The Fc fragment Š IgG Š IgA Š IgM Š IgD Š IgE Š Cryolgobulinemia Š Idiotype

Lec 19 Š Ring Tests 1:00:07 205 Š Slide test Š Tube test Š Elek immunodiffusion test Š Counter-Immunoelectrophoresis Š Agglutination reaction Š Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test (TPPA) Š Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test Š Weil Felix reaction Š Paul Bunnell test Š Cold agglutination test Š Indirect Coomb's test Š Passive agglutination test Š Warm AIHA Š cold AIHA or cold agglutinin disease Š Rose-Waaler test Š Complement fixation tests (CFT)

Lec 20 Š Advantages of CFT 0:40:38 139 Š Opsonisation Š Immunofluorescence Š Direct immunofluorescence test Š Indirect immunofluorescent test Š Radioimmunossay (RIA) Š Enzyme Immuno Assays (EIAz) Š Immunoelectroblot techniques

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size MICRO Lec 21 Š General properties of complement 0:41:48 143 BIOLOGY Š Components of complement Š Classical pathway Š Alternative C pathway Š Biological effects of C Š Structure and Functions of the Immune system Š Central (primary) lymphoid organs Š Peripheral lymphoid organs Š Thymus Š Runt disease Š Thymectomy Š Selective areas in the peripheral Š lymphoid organs Š Lymph nodes Š White pulp of the spleen Š Thymus Dependent areas Š Leucocyte Differentiation Antigents (A Few Examples) Š Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements Š Plasmids Š Transposition Š Mutation Š Transversion Š Transformation Š Transduction Š Conjugation Š The F factor Š Resistance transfer factor (RTF) Š Mutational Resistance Š Blotting Techniques Š Southern Blot Š Northen Blot Š Western Blot Š Distinguishing Feature of Exotoxins ad Endotoxins Š Biological Activities of Endotoxins Š Types of infectious disease Š Waterborne diseases Š Disease that spread by person - to - person contact Š Acute Phase Reactants Š Acquired Immunity Š Active Immunity Š Passive Immunity Š Comparison of Active and Passive Š Immunity Š Bacterial vaccines Š Viral vaccines Š Live vaccine Š Killed vaccine Š Immune system Š MHC Restriction Š Dendritic cells Š Langerhans cells Š Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Š Class I proteins Š Class II proteins Š Class III proteins

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Š HLA complex Š T cell receptor (TCR) Š Th1 cells Š Th2 cells Š HLA class I antigens (A,B and C) Š HLA class II antigen Š HLA typing Š HLA antigens Š Monoclonal Antibodies Š Hybridomas Š Factors influencing antibody production Š Sulzberger chase phenomenon Š Anamnestic reaction Š Adjuvant Š Scope of CMI Š Induction of CMI Š Cytokines Š Interleukin - I Š Immunological effects of IL-I Š Interleukin - 2 Š Interleukin - 3 Š Interleukin - 4 Š Interleukin - 5 Š Interleukin - 6 Š Interferons: (IFN) Š Detection of CMI Š Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome Š X-linked agammaglobulinemia Š Common variable immunodeficiency Š Selective immunoglobulin deficiencies Š Isolated IgA deficiency Š Ataxia telangiectasia Š Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome Š X-linked disease Š Swiss type agammaglobulinemia Š Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency Š Chronic Granulamatous Disease Š Chediak - Higashi Syndrome Š Job's Syndrome Š Hyper IgE syndrome

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PSYCHIATRY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Psychiatry Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

Psychiatry Test Lec-01 0:40:50 139 Lec-02 0:39:37 135 Lec-03 0:21:53 75.2

Psychiatry Notes

Psychiatry Notes No. of Pages = 110

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Biological Assessment of Patients with Psychiatric PSYCHIATRY Lec 01 Symptoms 0:51:24 175 Š Neuropsychological Tests Š Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination Š Glasgow Coma Scale Š Drug assisted interview Š Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Š Psychoanalytic theory Š Freud's Theories of the Mind Š Primary process Š ID--Pleasure principle Š EGO---Reality principle Š Superego---Conscience Š Defense Mechanisms Š Specific defense mechanisms Š Mature defense mechanisms Š Repression Š Altruism Š Denial Š Displacement Š Dissociation Š Humor Š Identification (Introjection) Š Isolation of affect Š Projection Š Rationalization Š reaction formation Š Regression Š Splitting Š Sublimation Š Undoing Š Transference Reactions

Lec 02 Š Learning theory 0:24:31 84 Š Habituation and Sensitization Š Classical conditioning Š Aversive conditioning Š Learned helplessness Š Operant conditioning Š Features of Operant conditioning Š Shaping and modeling

Lec 03 Š Development Disorders 0:31:52 109 Š Learning disorder Š Types of learning disorders include Š Communication Disorders Š Pervasive Development Disorders Š Autistic disorder Š Idiot savants Š Qualitative Impairments in communication include Š Autistic disorder Š Rett disorder Š Childhood disintegrative disorder Š Asperger disorder

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PSYCHIATRY Lec 04 Š Disruptive Behavior Disorders 0:36:16 124 Š Conduct disorder Š Oppositional defiant disorder Š Childhood anxiety Š Stranger anxiety Š Separation anxiety Disorder Š Social Phobia in childhood Š Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Childhood Š Mental Disorders Due to General Š Medical Conditions

Lec 05 Š Cognitive Disorder 0:52:23 178 Š Aphasia Š Apraxia Š Agnosia Š Delirium Š Dementia Š Amnestic Disorder Š Dementia Š Common Causes of Dementia Š Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) Š Dementia due to HIV disease Š Dementia due to Huntington disease Š Dementia due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Š Substance-Induced Disorders Š Alcohol Š Amphetamines Š Cannabis Š Cocaine Š Nicotine Š Phencyclidine (PCP)

Lec 06 Š Psychotic Disorders 0:23:53 105 Š Hallucination Š Sub-vocalization Š Delusions Š Catatonia Š Mood disorders Š Mood congruent Š Mood incongruent Š Schizophrenia Lec 07 Š Symptoms of Schizophrenia 0:41:42 142 Š Prodromal and residual phases Š Features Suggesting Prognosis in Schizophrenia Š Schizophreniform Disorder Š Schizoaffective Disorder Š Delusional Disorder Lec 08 Š Brief Psychotic Disorder 0:37:55 129

Lec 09 Š Shared Psychotic Disorder 0:39:27 135 Š Anxiety Disorders Š Agoraphobia Š Social Phobia Š Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PSYCHIATRY Lec 10 Š Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 0:39:48 136 Š Generalized Anxiety Disorder Š Dissociative Disorders Š Dissociative Fugue Š Dissociative Identity Disorder Š Depersonalization Disorder Š Jamais vu Š Déjà vu Š Somatoform Disorders Š Malingering

Lec 11 Š Factitious disorder 0:37:03 126 Š Somatization Disorder Š Conversion Disorder Š Hypochondriasis

Lec 12 Š Body Dysmorphic Disorder 0:38:34 131 Š Factitious disorder and Malingering Š Sexual Disorders Š Human sexuality Š Sexual desire disorders Š Orgasmic disorders Š Sexual pain disorders Š Vaginismus Š Substance-Induced sexual dysfunction

Lec 13 Š Eating Disorders 0:32:34 111 Š Anorexia nervosa Š Bulimia Nervosa Š Sleep Disorder

Lec 14 Š Normal sleep 0:27:18 94 Š Sleep regulation Š Polysomnography Š Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep Š Rem Sleep (stage 5) Š Sleep deprivation Š parasomnias Š Insomnia Š Kleine -Levin syndrome Š Narcolepsy

Lec 15 Š Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic hallucinations 0:42:31 145 Š Breathing - Related Sleep Disorder Š Sleep Terror Disorder Š Sleepwalking Disorder Š Personality Disorders Š In Cluster A disorders Š In cluster B, In cluster C Š Etiology of personality disorders Š Paranoid personality disorder Š Schizoid personality disorders Š Schizotypal personality disorder Š Antipsychotic medication Š Borderline personality disorder

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PSYCHIATRY Lec 16 Š Therapist countertransference 0:13:43 47 Š Narcissistic personality disorder Š Avoidant personality disorder Š Dependent personality disorder

Lec 17 Š Mood Disorders 0:40:20 138 Š Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) Š Bipolar disorder Š Cyclothymic disorders Š Genetics of Bipolar Disorders Š Mood stabilizers Š Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT Š Antipsychotic Agents Š Traditional antipsychotic agents Š Tardive dyskinesia Š Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Š Adverse Effects of Antipsychotic Agents

Lec 18 Š Atypical antipsychotic agents 0:41:29 141 Š Advantage of atypical agents over traditional agents Š Disadvantages of atypical agents Š Antidepressant Agents Š Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Š Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors Š Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Š Mood Stabilizers Agents Used to Treat Bioplar Š Disorders Š Lithium Š Anticonvulsants: Carbamazepine Š Valproic acid Š Antianxiety Agents Š Benzodiazepines (BZs) Š Nonbenzodiazepines Š Buspirone Š Zolpidem Š Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT

Lec 19 Š Psychological Therapies 0:31:53 109 Š Psychoanalysis Š Systematic Desensitization Š Aversive conditioning Š Flooding and Implosion Š Biofeedback Š Cognitive Therapy Š Family therapy Š Group therapy Š Leaderless groups Š Family therapy Š Impulse Control Disorders Š Kleptomania Š Trichotillomania

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GENERAL MEDICINE

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

General Medicine Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB) Medicine Test520 Lec-01 0:39:29 135 Lec-02 0:39:55 136 Lec-03 0:40:09 137 Lec-04 0:45:29 155

General Medicine Test 522 Lec-01 0:40:23 138 Lec-02 0:40:03 137 Lec-03 0:40:38 139 Lec-04 0:40:10 137 Lec-05 0:23:48 81.7

General Medicine Notes No.of Pages Cardiology 120 Haematology 21 Diabetes Mellitus 15 HIV Infection 10 Rheumatology 18 Respiratory 21 Nephrology 16 Endocrynology 30 Neurology 22 Fluid & Electrolyte 13

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

GENERAL Lec 01 Š Cardiology 0:39:26 134 MEDICINE Š symptoms& Signs Cardiology 01 Š Chest Pain or Discomfort Š Ischemic pain Š Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Š Palpitations,Dizziness,Syncope Š Cardiogenic Syncope

Lec 02 Š Functional Classsification of Heart Deisease 0:41:44 142 Š Signs of Heart Disease Š Cyanosis Š central cyanosis Š Peripheral pulses&Venous Pulsations Š Pulsus paradoxus Š Pulsus alternans Š Jugular venous pulsations(JVP) Š Prominent a waves Š A prominent V wave Š a c-v wave Š Kussmaul's sign Š Pulmonary Examination Š Rale

Lec 03 Š Wheezing 0:38:07 130 Š Heart Sounds & Murmurs Š first heart sound(s1) Š second heart sound, S2 or dup Š Splitting Š Third and fourth heart sounds Š clicks Š Innocent murmurs

Lec 04 Š Systolic murmurs Š ejection murmurs 0:40:52 139 Š High-pitched diastolic murmurs Š Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) Š Sokolow + Lyon Š Cornell criteria Š Framingham criteira Š Rv5 or v6> 35mm Š Stress testing Š Nonivasive Diagnostic Imaging for Noncoronary Heart Disease Š Echocardiography

Lec 05 Š Colour Doppler 0:38:53 133 Š Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) with Doppler ultrasound Š cardiac multislice computed tomography(fast CT) Š Right hear catheterization Š Left heart catheterization

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

Š Aortic Stenosis(AS) GENERAL Lec 06 0:40:16 137 Š Pulmonary Stenosis MEDICINE Š What happens to Click on inspiration Š Coarctation of the Aorta

Lec 07 Š ASD 0:41:27 141

Lec 08 Š Atrial Septal Defect&Patent foramen Ovale 0:42:33 135 Š Ventricular Septal Defect

Lec 09 Š Tetralogy of Fallot 0:46:24 145 Š Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Lec10 Š Valvular Heart Disease 0:41:05 158 Š Mtral Stenosis Š PARACHUTE MITRAL VALVE Š Opening Snap

Lec 11 Š Mitral Regurgitation(Mitral Insufficiency) 0:43:36 140

Lec 12 Š Aortic Stenosis 0:41:48 149

Lec13 Š Aortic Regurgitation(Chronic Regurgitation) 0:44:51 143 Š Tricuspid Stenosis

Lec 14 Š Tricuspid Regurgitation 0:39:53 153 Š Pulmonic regurgitation Š Choice anagement of Prosthetic valves & Percutaneous

Lec 15 Š Cornary Heart disease:Introduction 0:41:53 136 Š Risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease Š Pathophysiology Š Primary & Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease

Š TNT(Treating to new Targets )trail Š Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation(Hope)trial Š Angina Pectoris

Š Evaluation of Patients with Angina pectoris Lec 16 Electrocardiography 0:38:01 143 Š exercise Electrocardiography Š Bruce Protocol Š Scintigraphic Assesment of Ischemia Š Radionuclide angiography Š Positron emission tomography Š Echocardiography Š Coronary Angiography Š Intravascular ultrasound(ivus)

Lec 17 Š Left Ventricular Angiography 0:41:22 130 Š Coronary Vasospasm & Angina with Normal Coronary Š Prinzmetal's(variant)angina Š Revascularization Š Mechanical extracorporeal counterpulsation Š Revascilarzation Procedures for patients with Angina Š Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting(CABG) Š Acute Coronary Syndromes

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

Š Beta-Blockers GENERAL Lec 18 0:40:27 141 Š Calcium Channel Blockers MEDICINE Š Intra-aortic Ballon Counterpulsation Š Prognosis&Indications for Revascularization Š Acute Myocardial Infarction Š Location and extent of infarction Š Q wave MI Š Clinical Findings Š Laboratory Findings Š Troponins Š creatine Kinase(creatine phosphokinase) Š Myoglobin Š Electrocardiography Š Echocardiography Š Scintigraphic Studies Š Technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy Š Radionuclide angiography Š treatment Aspirin and Clopidogrel Š Thrombolytic Therapy Š Streptokinase

Lec 19 Š Reteplase 0:39:27 138 Š Tenecteplase(TNK-t-PA) Š Selection of a thrombolytic agent Š Stenting, Nitrates Š Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Š Aldosterone Antagonists Š Arrhythmias Š Sinus bradycardia Š Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias Š Amiodarone Š Ventricular arrhythmias Š Conduction disturbances Š Av block Š First-degree block Š Second-degree block Š Complete AV block, Mobitz type II AV block Š Temporary ventricular pacing Š Myocardial Dysfunction Acute left ventricular failure

Lec 20 Š Dobutamine 0:39:56 135 Š Milrinone Š Hypotension and shock Š Pericardial tamponade Š Right Ventricular Infarction Š Myocardial rupture Š Pseudoaneurysm Š Left Ventricular Aneurysm Š Pericarditis Š Mural Thrombus Š Disturbances of Rate & Rhythm Š Mechanism of reentry Š Triggered activity Š pause-dependent triggered activity

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

Š Antiarrhythmic Drugs GENERAL Lec 21 0:41:50 128 Š Vaughan-Williams Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs MEDICINE Š Radiofrequency Ablation for Cardiac Arhythmias Š Ablation of atrial fibrillation Š Sinus bradycardia Š Sinus tachycardia Š Atrial Premature Beats(Atrial Extrasystoles) Š Differentiation of Aberrantly Conducted Supraventricular Š Amiodarone

Lec 22 Š Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia 0:43:51 143 Š Treatment Options for Supraventricular tachycardias Š Treatment of the Acute Attack Š Mechanical Measures Š Intravenous adenosine Š Intravenous verapamil Š Intravenous diltiazem Š Cardioversion Š Prevention of Attacks Š Accessory pathways Š Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome Š Orthodromic tachycardia

Lec 23 Š Radiofrequency Ablation 0:45:09 154 Š Atrial fibrilation Š Warfarin or Aspirin Š Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Š Urgent cardioversion Š Digoxin Š Metoprolol & esmolol Š Amiodarone Š Paroxysmal & Refractory Atrial Fibrillation Š Recurrent Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Š Atrial Flutter

Lec 24 Š Multifocal(Chaotic) Atrial Tachycardia 0:29:44 150 Š Junction rhythem is often an escape rhythm Š Ventricular Prematures Beats(Ventricular extrasystoles) Š Ventricular Tachycardia Š Torsades de pointes Š Acute Ventricular Tachycardia Š Ventricular Fibrillation Š Accelerated Idioventricular rhythm Š Long QT Syndrome

Lec 25 Š Bradycardias&Conduction Disturbances: 0:41:52 154 Š Introduction Š Sick Sinus Sundrome Š First-degree and Mobitz type I block Š Mobitz type II block is Š Av Dissociation Š Intraventricular Conduction Defects Š Bifascicular Block Š Trifascicular block is defined as Š How to recognize LBBB Š typical LBBB, Permanent pacing

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

Š Congestive Heart Failure GENERAL Lec 26 0:45:06 143 Š high-output heart failure MEDICINE Š diastolic dysfunction Š Treatment of Diastolic failure Š Inhibitors of the reninin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Š Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Lec 27 Š Spironolactone 0:29:43 102 Š Beta -blockers Š Digitalis Glycosides Š Vasodilators Š Nitrates Š Nesiritide Š Hydralazine Š Biventricular Pacing(Resynchronization)

Lec 28 Š Acute Pulmonary 0:40:21 138 Š Acute Myocarditis Š Infectious Myocarditis Š Classification of the cardiomyopathies Š Primary Dilated Cardiomyopathy Š Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Lec 29 Š Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 0:40:25 138 Š Acute rheumatic fever(RF)& Rheumatic Heart Š Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever Š carditis Š Erythema Marginatum and Subcutaneous nodules Š Sydenham's chorea Š Arthritis Š Diseases of the Pericardium Š Viral Pericarditis Š Uremic Pericarditis Š Neoplastic Pericarditis Š Postmyocardial Infarction or postcardiotomy Š Pericarditis(Dressler's Syndrome) Š Radiation Pericarditis Š Pericardial Effusion Š Constrictive Pericarditis Š Pulmonary Heart disease(Cor pulmonale) Š Electrocardiography Š Neoplastic Diseases of the Heart

Lec 30 Š Neoplastic Diseases of the Heart 0:39:30 135 Š Cardiac Involvement in miscellaneous Systemic diseases Š Traumatic Heart Disease Š Systemic Hypertension Š Primary(Essential)Hypertension: Š Classification of Blood Pressure Measurements Š Malignant Hypertension Š Renal Vascular Hypertension Š Primary Hyperaldosteronism&Cushing's Syndrome, Current Antihypertensive Agents Š Risk Stratification and Treatment Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 37

Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Beta-Adrenergic Blocing Agents GENERAL Lec31 0:44:22 151 Š Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme(ACE) Inhibitors and MEDICINE Angiotensin II Blockers Š Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking Agents Š Calcium Channel Blocking Agents Š Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Š Drug with Central sympatholytic Action Š Arteriolar Dilators Š Choice of an Initial Š Antihypertensive Agent Š Alpha-Blockers Š Central Sympatholytics Š Considerations for individualizing antihypertensive drug therapy Š Treatment of Additional Cardiovascular Risk factors Š Hypertensive Urgency Š Hypertensive Emergency Š Pharmacologic Management

Haematopathology Lec 01 Š Anemias, Microcytic Anemia 0:41:16 136 Š Iron Deficiency Anemia Š Classification of Anemia by Pathophysiolgy Š Classification of Anemia by MCV Š Causes of Iron Deficiency Š Anemia of Chronic Disease Š Thalassemias

Lec 02 Š Alpha thalassemia trait 0:39:05 130 Š Hemoglobin H disease Š Beta thalassemia minor Š Beta thalassemia major Š Sideroblastic Anemia Š Vitamin B12 deficiency Š Causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency

Lec 03 Š Folic Acid Deficiency 0:41:00 137 Š Pure Red Cell Aplasia Š Hemolytic Anemias Š Hereditary Spherocytosis Š Proxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Lec 04 Š G-6-P D deficiency 0:41:17 144 Š Sickle Anemia Š Hemoglobin C disorders Š Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Š Coombs antiglobulin test Š Cold Agglutinin disease Lec 05 Š Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias 0:40:53 141 Š Aplastic Anemia Š Isolated neutropenia Š Primary polycythemia(Polycythemia vera) Š Myeloproliferative disorders

Lec 06 Š Myelofibrosis, Myelodysplastic Syndromes 0:40:54 138 Š Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Š Early Chronic Mylogenic Leukemia

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Chronic Lymphocyytic Leukemia GENERAL Lec 07 0:41:17 138 Š Lymphomas MEDICINE Š Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Š Hodgkin's Disease Š Multiple Myeloma

Lec 08 Š Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia 0:41:48 139 Š Idiopathic(Autoimmune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura Š causes of Microangiopathic hemolytic Anemia

Lec 09 Š Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome 0:41:13 110 Š Von Willebrand's Disease Š Von Willebrand's disease Š Coagulation Pathway Š Prolongation of PTT Š Prolongation of PT and PTT Š Prolongation Thrombin Time Š Von Willebrand Disease Š mann's Thrombasthenia Š Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

Lec 10 Š Hemophilia A 0:32:57 92 Š Acquired Factor VIII Antibodies Š Hemophilia B Š Afibrinogenemia Š Coagulopathy of Liver Disease Š Vitamin Deficiency Š Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC)

Lec 10 Š Causes of Hypercoagulability 0:08:14 40 Part2 Š Warfarin-induced Skin Necrosis Š Lupus Anticoagulant

Lec 11 Š Red Blood Cell Transfusions 0:42:28 145 Š Hemoltic Transfusion reactions Š Leukoagglutinin Reactions Š Platelet Transfusion Š Granulocyte Transfusions Š Transfusion of plasma Components

Diabetes Lec 01 Š Diabetes mellitus 0:40:40 139 Š Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus(IDDM) Š Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(Mody) Š Factors reducing response to insulin Š Obesity Š Clinical Features of Diabetes at diagnosis Š Type 1 Diabetes(IDDM) Š Type II Diabetes(NIDDM) Š Glycosylated hemoglobin(hemoglobin A!)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Lipoprotein abnormalities is diabetes GENERAL Lec 02 0:40:23 138 Š Secondary Causes of Hyperglycemia MEDICINE Š Nondiabetic Glycosuria Š Revised ADA recommendations Š Oral durgs for treating hyperglycemia Š Sulfonylurea Š Repaglinide Š Tolbutamide Š Chlorpropamide Š Second-Generation Sulfonylureas Š Glyburide Š Glipizide Š Glimeperide Š Metformin Lec 03 Š Aplha-glucosidase inhibitors 0:40:13 138 Š Insulin sentizers(thiazolidineodiones) Š Troglitazone Š Purity of Insulin Š Insulin Lispro(Humalog) Š Short-acting insulin Š Intermediate-and Long-acting insulins Š Mixtures of insulin Š Insulin delivery systems Š Treatment of type 1 with insulin Š Early morning hyperglycemia in type 1 Lec 04 Š Somogi effect 0:41:08 140 Š Dawn phenomenon Š Complications of Insulin Therapy Š Chronic Complications of Diabetes Š Diabetic cataracts Š Diabetic retinopathy Š Diabetic Nephropathy Lec 05 Š Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy 0:40:30 138 Š Peripheral Neuropathies Š Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy Š Isolated Peripheral Neuropathy Š Painful diabetic Neuropathy Š Autonomic Neuropathy Š Diabetic Coma Š Diabetic Ketoacidosis is (DKA) Š Ketoacidemia Š Insulin replacement Š Fluid and electrolyte replacement Lec 06 Š Potassium and phosphate Replacement 0:44:04 Š Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Š Hyperosmolar Coma Š Latic Acidosis Š Hypoglycemia Š Whipple's triad Š Proinsulin determinations

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š HIV Infection GENERAL Lec 01 0:41:36 142 Š 1993 CDC definition MEDICINE Š 1987 definition HIV Š 1993 definition also expanded Š AIDS related Complex(ARC) Š Definitive AIDS Diagnosis Š Relationship of CD$ to Opportunities Infections Š Pneumocystis pneumonia Š CMV

Lec 02 Š Toxoplasmosis 0:40:45 139 Š AIDS Dementia Complex Š Cryptococcal Meningitis Š HIV Myelopathy Š Myopathy in HIV Š Retinitis Š Oral lesions Š Oral Candididiasis Š Aphthous ulcers Š Enterocolitis Š HIV-related Malignancies Š Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Š Hodgkin's Disease

Lec 03 Š Preventing Perinatal 0:46:01 157 Š Transmission of HIV Š Treatment of AIDS-related opportunistic infections and malignancies Š Corticosteroids Š Antiretroviral Treatment Š Nucleoside analogs Š Protease inhibitors Š Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs) Š Nucleoside analogs Š Zidovudine Š Didanosine Š Zalcitabine Š Stavudine Š Lamivudine Š Abacavir Š Protease inhibitors Š Indinavir Š Nelfinavir Š Ritonavir Š Saquinavir Š Nonnculeoside Reverse Transcriptase Š Inhibitors Š Efavirenz Š M.avium complex infection

Rheumatology Lec 01 Š Rheumatology 0:41:06 140 Š Degenerative Joint Disease(Osteoartheritis) Š Crystal Deposition Arthritis Gouty Arthritis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Gouty Arthritis-Treatment GENERAL Lec 02 0:41:19 141 Š Colchicine MEDICINE Š Uricosuric drugs Š Allopurinol Š Gout in the Transplant Patient Š Chondrocalcinosis&Pseudogout Š Rheumatoid Arthritis Š Methotrexate Š Gold Salts(Chrysotherapy) Š Sulfasalazine, Azathioprine Š Juvenile Chronic Arthritis

Lec 03 Š Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 0:41:37 142 Š Criteria for the Classification of SLE Š Frequency(%) of Autoantibodies in Rheumatic Diseases Š Frequency of Laboratory Abnormalities -SLE Š Progressive Systemic Sclerosis(Sclerderma) Š Limitied Systemic Sclerderma (Crest Syndrome) Š Polymyositis-Dermatomyositis

Lec 04 Š Sjogren's Syndrome 0:41:06 140 Š Vascultis Syndromes Š Polyarteritis Nodosa Š Polymyalgia Rheumatica&Giant Cell Arteritis Š Wegeners Granulomatosis&ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Lec 05 Š Cryoglobulinemia 0:36:37 125 Š Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Š Behcet's Syndrome Š Seronegative Spondylo arthropathies Š Reiter's syndrome Š Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis

Lec 06 Š Reiter's syndrome(Reactive Arthritis) 0:15:23 53 Š Septic Arthritis Š Gonococcal Arthritis

Respiratory Lec 01 Š Respiratory System 0:25:53 89 Š Orthopnea Š Platypnea Š Cough Š Hemoptysis Š Tachypnea Š Digital Clubbing

Lec 02 Š Pulmonary Function tests 0:40:45 139 Š Single-breath diffusing capacity for co) carbon monoxide(DL Š Bronchoscopy & Flexible Bronchoscopy Š Bronchial Asthma Š Long Acting β2-agonist Š Phosphodiesterase ingibitors Š Theophylline, Zileuton Š Zafirlukast and montelukast Š Beta-adrenergic agents Š Anticholinergics

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary GENERAL Lec 03 0:41:04 142 Š Disease(COPD) MEDICINE Š TypeA:Pink puffer (emphysema Predominant) Š TypeB:Blue bloater(Brochitis Predominant) Š Pulmonary Function Tests Š Bronchiectasis Š Cystic Fibrosis

Lec 04 Š Pneumonia 0:41:32 142 Š Streptococcus Pneumoniae Š Pseudomonas aeruginosa Š Mycoplasma Pneumonia Š Chlamydia pneumoniae Š Pulmonary Infiltrates in Compromised Host Š Pulmonary tuberculosis Š Classification of Positive Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions

Lec 05 Š Bronchogenic carcinoma 0:40:47 139 Š Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Lung cancer Endocrine&Metabolic Š Adenocarcinoma and Large-cell carcinoma Š Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma Š Staging of Carcinoma, Treatment Š Contraindications to Surgery Š Unresectable Non-small-cell carcinoma Š Radiation therapy Š Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Š Benign Š Malignant Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Š Hamartoma Š Endobronchonchial metastases Š Mesothelioma Š Bronchial carcinoid Tumors Š Mediastinal Masses

Lec 06 Š Interstitial Lung diseases 0:40:35 138 Š Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Š Sarcoidosis Š Wegener's granulomatosis Š Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis Š Churg-Strauss & Goodpasture's Syndromes Š Alveolar hemorrhage Syndromes Š Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Š Pulmonary Thromboembolism Š Lung Scanning Š Duplex Ultrasonography Š Pulmonary Angiography Š CT and MRI scanning

Lec 07 Š Methods for the prvention of Venous thromboembolism 0:41:18 139 Š Thrombolytic Therapy Š Pulmonary Hypertension Š Primary(idiopathic) pulmonary hypertension Š Work-up of a patient with Pulmonary Hypertension Š Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis,Silicosis,Asbestosis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Pleural Fluid GENERAL Lec 08 0:34:07 116 Š Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion MEDICINE Š Spontaneous Pneumothorax Š Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation Š Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome(Pickwickian syndrome) Š Obstructive Sleep Apnea Š Indication for tracheal intubation

Nephrology Lec 01 Š NEPHROLOGY 0:41:00 140 Š Kidney Š Urinary casts Š Significance of specific urinary casts Š Š Estimation of GFR Š Radionuclide Studies Š Intravenous Urography Š Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) Š Renal Arteriography/Venography Š Renal biopsy Š Indications Š Acute Renal Failure Š Classification & Etiology Š Prerenal

Lec 02 Š Postrenal Azotemia 0:39:31 139 Š Acute tubular Necrosis Š Exogenous Nephrotoxinx Š Endogenous Nephrotoxins Š Interstitial Nephritis, Glomerulonephritis

Lec 03 Š Major causes of Chronic Renal Failure 0:40:06 137 Š Glomerulopathies Š Antimicobial Dosage in Renal Failure Š Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Renal failure Š Indications for displays Š Hemodialysis Š Peritoneal dialysis Š Glomerulonephropathies Š Nephritic Syndrome Š Rapidly Progressive Acute Glomerulonephritis

Lec 04 Š IgA Nephropathy Š Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis(RPGN) 0:40:29 138 Š Henoch-Schonlein Purpura(Anaphylactoid Purpura) Š Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis(ANCA-associated) Š Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis&Goodpasture's Š Syndrome Š Cryoglobulin-Associated Glomerulonephritis Š ,Renal biopsy Š Management of Nephrotic Syndrome Š Diseases demonstrating Nephritic&Nephrotic Š glomerular disease,Nephrotic syndromes Š Nephrotic syndromes Š Membranous Nephropathy Š Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Analgesic Nephropathy GENERAL Lec 05 0:31:46 108 Š Heavy MEDICINE Š Cystic Disease of the Kidney Š Autosomal Dominangt Polycystic Kidney Disease Š Medullary Sponge kidney Š Juvenile Nephronophthisis-Medullary Cystic Disease

Endocrinology Lec 01 Š Endocrinology 0:54:44 187 Š Obesity Š Abnormal Skin Pigmentation or Colour Š Causes of Gynecomastia Š Causes of Gyneocomastia Š Hypopituitarism Š Metyrapone test Š Diabetes Insipidus Š "Nephrogenic" Diabetes Insipidus

Lec 02 Š Acromegaly&Gigantism 0:40:22 138 Š Hyperprolactinemia Š Factors Increasing T4 Š Factors Decreasing T4 Š TSH levels are decreased Š Free Thyroxine Immunoassay(FT4) Š Resin T3 (or T4) Uptake Š Free Thyroxine Index (FTI) Š Thyroid radioactive iodine uptake&Scan

Lec 03 Š Serum Thyroglobulin 0:39:29 135 Š Calcitonion Assay Š Fine -Needle Thyroid Biopsy Š The Nodular Thyroid Š Clinical Evaluation of thyroid Nodules Š Treatment of Solitary Thyroid Nodule Š Longterm Levothyroxine Suppression treatment of TSH Š Thyroid Cancer Š Papillary Carcinoma Š Some Characteristic of thyroid cancer Š Follicular Carcinoma Š Medullary thyroid carcinoma Š Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Lec 04 Š Iodine Deficiency Disorders 0:40:09 137 Š Hypothyroidism&Myxedema Š Hyperthyroidism(Thyrotoxicosis) Š Graves'Disease Š Subacute Thyroiditis Š Jodbasedow disease Š Thyrotoxicosis factitia Š Struma ovarii Š Hashimoto's thyroiditis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

GENERAL Lec 05 Š Lab ∆ of thyrotoxicosis 0:39:59 136 MEDICINE Š Grave's Disease Š Propranolol Š Methimazole or propylthiouracil Š Iodinated contrast agents Š Radioactive iodine(131I) Š Thyroid surgery Š graves Disease or Toxic Nodular Goiter Š Toxic Solitary Thyroid Nodules Š Toxic Multinodular Goiter Š Subacute Thyroidities Š Thyroid crisis or "storm" Š Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy

Lec 06 Š Thyroiditis 0:39:50 136 Š Subacute thyroiditis de Quervain's Giant cell thyroiditis Š Riedel's Thyroiditis Š Hypoparathyroidism Š Pseudohypoparathyroidism Š Pseudo-Pseudohypoparathyroidism Š Hyperparathyroidism

Lec 07 Š Hyperparathyroidism 0:40:31 138 Š Hypercalcemia of malignancy Š Metabolic Bone Disease Š Osteoporosis Š Etiologic Classification of Osteoporosis 1,2 Š Bisphosphonates Š Osteomalacia

Lec 08 Š Causes of Osteomalacia Š Paget's Diseaseof Bone (Osteitis Deformans) 0:40:03 137 Š Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex Š Adrenal Cortex Physiology Š Adrenal Androgens Š acute Adrenal Insufficiency(Adrenal Crisis) Š Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency Š (addison's Disease)

Lec 09 Š CUSHING'S SYNDROME(Hypercortisolism) 0:38:24 131 Š Tests for Hypercortisolism Š Hirsutism&Virilization Š Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Š Adrenal Enzyme Defects Š "Classic" 21-Hydroxylase deficiency Š 17α hydroxylase deficiency Š 11β-hydroxylase deficiency Š 21α-hydroxylase deficiency Š Primary Hyperaldosteronism

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Conns Syndrome GENERAL Lec 10 0:30:04 115 Š Diseases of the Adrenal Medulla MEDICINE Š Pheochromocytoma Š Diseases of the Pancreatic Islet Cells Š Insulinomas Š Gastrinomas Š Glucagonomas Š Somatostatinomas Š VIP-omas Š Male Hypogonadism Š Causes of Male Hypogonadism Š Hypogonadotropic (Low or Normal LH) Š Causes of Male Hypogonadism Š Hypergonadotropic (High LH) Š Testicular Tumors in Adults Š Turner's Syndrome Š Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Š MEN 2a (Sipple's Syndrome) Š MEN 2b Š Systemic versus Topical activity of Corticosteroids

Neurology Lec 01 Š Migraine 0:41:03 140 Š Cluster Š Giant Cell Š Trigeminal Neuralgia Š postherpetic Neuralgia Š Classification of Seizures Š Differential Diagnosis of Partial Seizures:

Lec 02 Š Treatment of Seizures 0:40:17 137 Š Monitoring Š Side Effects and idiosyncratic reactions Š Phenytoin Š Side Effects and idiosyncratic reactions Š Carbamazepine Š Side Effects and idiosyncratic reactions Š Valproic Acid Š Clonazepam Š Solitary seizures Š Alcohol withdrawal seizures Š Tonic-clonic status epilepticus Š Status epilepticus is a medical emergency Š Weakness & Paralysis Š LMN lesions Š Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) Š Stroke Š Lacunar infarction Š Obstruction of carotid circulation Š Obstruction of vertebrobasillar circulation

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Coma GENERAL Lec 03 0:38:44 132 Š Intracerabral Hemorrhage MEDICINE Š Subrachnoid Hemorrhage Š Arteriovenous Malformations Š Intracranial & Spinal Space-Occupying Lesions (SOL) Primary intracranial tumors Š Glioblastoma multiforme Š Astrocytoma Š Medulloblastoma Š Ependymoma Š Oligodendroglioma Š Brain stem glioma Š Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma Š Pinel Tumour Š Craniopharyngeoma Š Acoustic Neuroma Š Meningioma Š Primary Cerabral Lymphoma Š Frontal lobe lesions Š Temporal lobe lesions

Lec 04 Š Frontal lobe lesions 0:40:00 136 Š Parieal lobe lesions Š occipital lobe lesions Š Brain stem lesions, Cerebellar lesions Š cerebral Metastases Š Leptomeningeal Metastases Š Intracranial Mass Lesions in AIDS Š Brain Abscess Š Nonmetastatic Neurologic Complications of Malignant Disease Š Pseudotumor cerebri Š Tuberous Sclerosis Š Neurofibromatosis Š Sturge-Weber Syndrome Š Parkinsonism

Lec 05 Š Treatment of Parkinsonism 0:40:18 138 Š Amantadine Š Anticholinergic drugs Š Levodopa Š Dopamine agonists Š Selegiline Š Clozapine Š Huntington's disease Š Myoclonus Š Drug-induced Abnormal Movements Š Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome Š Dementia Š Multiple sclerosis Š Spasticity Š Myelopathies in AIDS Š Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Š Wernicke's Encephalopathy

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Stupor & Coma GENERAL Lec 06 0:40:04 137 Š Supratentorial mass lesion MEDICINE Š Brain Death Š Persistent Vegetative State Š Locked in-Syndrome (de-efferented state) Š Head Injuries Š Spinal Trauma Š Syringomyelia Š Motor Neuron Disease Š Progressive Bulbar Palsy Š Pseudobulbar Palsy Š Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Lec 07 Š Peripheral Neuropathies 0:49:11 168 Š Friedreich's Ataxia Š Refsum's Disease (HMSN Type IV) Š Porphyria Š Neuropathies Associated with Systemic & Metabolic Disorders Š Alcohol and Nutritional Deficiency Š Neuropathies Associated with Infectious & Inflammatory Š Toxic Neuropathies Š Acute Idiopathic Post Infectious Polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre Syndrome) Š Facial neuropathy Š Bell's palsy Š Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission Š Myasthenia Gravis Š Myasthenic Syndrome (Lambert-Eaton Syndrome) Š Botulism Š Muscular Dystrophies Š Myopathic Disorders Š Duchenne Dystrophy Š Myotonic Dystrophy Š Myotonia Congenita Š Drug Induced Myopathies Š Periodic Paralysis Š Hypokalemic Š Hyperkalemic Š Normokalemic Periodic Paralysis

Fluid & Electrolyte Lec 01 Š Osmolality 0:40:14 137 Disorders Š Isotonic Hyponatremia Š Hypotonic Hyponatremia Š Euvolemic Hypotonic Hyponatremia Š Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Š Secretion (SIADH) Š Causes of Syndrome of Inappropriate Š Secretion of ADH (SIADH) Š Postoperative Hyponatremia

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Hyponatremia General Lec 02 0:39:52 136 Š Rate and Degree of Correction Medicine Š Asymptomatic hyponatremia Š Hypervolemic Hypertonic Š Hyponatremia Š Hyponatremia in AIDS Š Hypernatremia Š Choice of Type of Fluid for Replacement Š Chronic Hypernatremia Š ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia Š ECG Changes in Hypocalcemia Š ECG Changes in Hypomagnesemia Š ECG Changes in Hypermagnesemia Š Causes of Hypokalemia

Lec 03 Š Channelopathies 0:47:54 164 Š Hyperkalemia Š Causes of Hyperkalemia Š Treatment Š Disorders of Calcium Concentration Š Causes of Hypocalcemia Š Causes of Hypercalcemia Š Disorders of Phosphorus Concentration Š Causes of Hypophosphatemia Š Causes of Hypophosphatemia Š Causes of Hyperphoshatemia Š Disorders of Magnesium Concentration Š Hypomagnesemia Š Causes of Hypomagnesemia Š Hypermagnesemia

Lec 04 Š Acidosis & Alkalosis 0:31:14 107 Š Types of Acid-Based Disorders Š Mixed Acid-Base Disorders Š Respiratory Acidosis Š Respiratory Alkalosis

Lec 05 Š Metabolic Acidosis 0:40:44 139 Š Decreased Anion Gap Š Normal Anion Gap Acidosis Š Increased Anion Gap Acidosis Š Lactic Acidosis Š Diabetic ketoacidosis Š Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Š Normal Anion Gap Acidosis

Lec 06 Š Distal RTA 0:37:34 128 Š Proximal RTA Š Hypokalemia Š Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronemic Š Metabolic Alkalosis Š Saline -Responsive Metabolic Alkalosis Š Saline Unresponsive (UCI>10 meq/d)

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DERMATOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Dermatology Mock Test Tpoic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Dermatology Lec-01 0:41:22 141 Lec-02 0:38:55 133 Lec-03 0:40:47 139 Lec-04 0:41:28 142

Dermatology Test 511 Lec-01 0:41:22 141 Lec-02 0:38:55 133 Lec-03 0:40:47 139 Lec-04 0:41:28 142

Dermatology Notes

Dermatology Notes No. of Pages = 15

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size DERMATO Lec 01 Š Drugs may be topically applied 0:41:32 142 LOGY Š Complications of Topical Dermatologic Therapy Š Pigmented Lesions Š Suspicious moles Š Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevi Š Freckles & Lentigines Š Seborrheic Keratoses Š Malignant Melanoma Š Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Š Lichen Simplex Chronicus Š Psoriasis Lec 02 Š Pityriasis Rosea 0:41:10 140 Š Seborrheic Dermatitis & Dandruff Š Tinea corporis or Tinea Circinata Š Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch) Š Tinea Versicolor Š Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Š Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma Š Mycosis Fungoides Š Exfoliative Dermatitis Š Actinic Keratoses Š Bowen's Disease & Paget's Disease Lec 03 Š Herpes simplex 0:40:58 140 Š Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Š Pompholyx Š Dermatophytid Š Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Š Dermatitis Herpetiformis Š Weeping or Encrusted Lesions Š Impetigo Š Allergic Contact Dermatitis Š Pustular Disorders Š Mild acne Š Moderate acne Š Severe acne Š Isotretinoin (Accutane) - adverse effects Š Acne Rosacea Š Folliculitis (Including sycosis) Š Miliaria (Heat Rash) Lec 04 Š Mucocutaneous Candidiasis 0:40:59 143 Š Urticaria & Angioedema Š Erythema Multiforme Š Erythema Migrans Š Erysipelas Š Cellulitis Š Blistering Diseases Š Bullous Pemphigoid Š Papular Lesions, Warts Š Callosities & Corns of Feet or Toes Š Molluscum Contagiosum Lec 05 Š Basal Cell carcinoma 0:20:33 71 Š Squamous Cell Carcinoma Š Lichen Planus, Lichenoid reactions Š Kaposi's Sarcoma, Pediculosis

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PHARMACOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Pharmacology Moct Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB) AIIMS Pharmacology Lec-01 0:41:00 140 Lec-02 0:40:00 137 Lec-03 0:38:06 130 Lec-04 0:35:16 120 Lec-05 0:39:07 135 Lec-06 0:37:59 119 Lec-07 0:40:00 136

Pharmacology Test 501 Lec-01 0:40:24 138 Lec-02 0:40:16 137 Lec-03 0:37:14 127

Pharmacology Notes

Pharmacology Notes No. of Pages = 158

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PHARMACOLO Lec 01 Š Conscious sedation 0:40:25 138 GY Š IV Anaesthetics Š Gudel's Signs and Stages of Anaesthesia Š Rate at which an anesthetic reaches brain Š I.Solubility Š Elimination of Anesthetic Gases Š Halothane metabolism Š Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

Š N2O

Lec 02 Š Uses of inhalational anesthetics 0:40:03 137 Š Desflurane Š Seroflurane Š Thiopental Š IV Opioids - (Fentanyl) Š Ultra short acting barbiturates - Thiopental Š Effect of I.V anesthetics on CVS Š Neuroleptanesthesia Š Propofol Š Ketamine Š Local Anesthetics Š Ester linked Š Amide linked Š Pharmacokinetics of LA Š Metabolism & Excretion Š Mechanism of Action

Lec 03 Š Review on Nerve fibres 0:26:50 92 Š Susceptibility of Nerve fibre types to LAaction Š CVS effects of Local Anesthetics Š Liodocaine is antiarrhythmic Š Bupivacaine and Cardiotoxicity Š Hematologic effects of LA

Lec 04 Š Non Depolarizing Drugs 0:12:46 44 Š Vecuronium Š Rocuronium, Atracurium Š Depolarizing Drugs

Lec 05 Š Abnormal plasma cholinesterase Š Dibucaine number 0:45:14 154 Š Mechanism of Action Š Depolarizing agents Š Non Depolarizing Drugs Š Tubocurraraine Š Succinyl choline Š Drug Interactions of Muscle Relaxants Š Other uses of NM blocking drugs Š Spasmolytic drugs,Dantrolene

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 01 Š Autacoids and Related Drugs 0:40:23 138 GY Š Autacoid Š Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and their Antagonists Š Uses Betahistine Š H1 Antagonists Š Non sedating-annallergic Š Terfenadine Š Astemizole Š Loratadine Š Certirizine Š Azelastine, Cinnarizine Š Drugs for Vertigo1. Labyrinthine suppressants Š Vasodilators, Diuretics Corticosteroids. Š Pruritides

Lec 02 Š 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, Serotonin) 1:07:17 229 Š Serotonergic (5-HT) Receptors Š Migraine Š Drugs Affecting 5-HT System Š Cyproheptadine Š Pizotifen (Pizotyline) Š Ketanserin Š Clozapine Š Ondansetron Š Ergot alkaloids Š Drug Therapy of migraine Š Sumatriptan Š Prophylaxis of Migraine Š Plasma Kinins Š ACE inhibitors Š Captopril Š Captopril induced hypotension Š Enalapril Š Lisinopril Š Ramipril Š Losartan (Angiotensin Antagonists)

Lec 03 Š Lipid Derived Autocoids 0:45:25 155 Š Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Degradation Š Leukotrienes Š Cylclooxygenase two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 Š Lipoxygenase pathway Š Aspirin Š Bartter's Syndome Š Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Š Expectorants (Mucokinetics) Š Antitussives Š Nonopioids Š Antihistamines

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 04 Š Bronchial Asthma 0:38:45 122 GY Š Adrenaline Š Ephedrine Š Isoprenaline Š Orciprenaline (Metaproternol) Š Salbutamola (Albuterol) Š Methyl xanthines Š Theophylline Š Mast cell stabilizers Š Corticosteroids Š Systemic steroid therapy Š Inhaled Asthma Medication Š Hormones and Related Drugs Š Anterior Pituitary Hormones Š Growth Hormone (GH) Š Bromocriptine

Lec 05 Š Gonadotropins (Gns) 0:36:34 125 Š FSH and LH Š Gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn RH): Gonadorelin Š Naferelin Š Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin) Š Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin) Š Thyroid Hormones Š Thyroid Inhibitors Š Antithyroid Drugs Š Propylthiouracil Š Carbimazole

Lec 06 Š Iodine and Iodides 0:42:50 146 Š Radioactive Iodine Š Insulin, Oral Hypoglycaemics Insulin Š Actions of Insulin Š Mechanism of action Š Reactions To Insulin Š Uses of Insulin Š Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs Š Sulfonylureas Š Biguandies Š Acarbose

Lec 07 Š Glucagon 0:42:01 143 Š Corticosteroids Š Cortisone Š Prednisolone Š Methylprednisolonea Š Triamcinolone Š Dexamethasonea Š Fludrocortisone Š Metyrapone, Androgens Š Synthetic Androgens Š Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects and Uses

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 08 Š Anabolic Steroids 0:39:11 134 GY Š Impeded Androgens/Antiandrogens Š Cyproterone acetate Š 5 a-Reductase Inhibitor Š Finasteride Š Estrogens Š Natural estrogens Š Synthetic estrogens Š Regulation of secretion Š Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Š Antiestrogens Š Clomiphene citrate Š Progestins Š Natural progestin Š Synthetic Progestins Š Antiprogestin Š Mifepristone Š Hormonal Contraceptives Š Oral Š Sequential preparation Š Minipill (Meal supplement) Š Norplant

Lec 09 Š Adverse Effects 0:35:56 123 Š Centchroman Š Male Contraceptive Š Uterine Stimulants Š Oxytocin Š Ergometrine, Methylergometrine6 Š Prostaglandins Š Uterine Relaxants (Tocolytics) Š Ritodrine Š Magnesium sulfate

Lec 10 Š Drugs Affecting Calcium Balance 0:40:49 139 Š Calcium (Plasma calcium level) Š Absorption and excretion Š Preparations Š Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone) Š Actions Š Mechanism of Action Š Calcitonin Š Actions Š Vitamine D Š Actions Š Pharmacokinetics Š Interactions Š Bisphosphonates Š Sedative-Hypnotics Š Classification Š Barbiturates

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 11 Š Pharmacological Actions 0:56:31 193 GY Š Pharmacokinetics Š Uses Š Adverse Effects Š Treatment Contraindications Š Interactions Š Benzodiazepines (BZDs) Š Site and mechanism of action Š Pharmacokinetics Š Adverse Effects Š Interactions Š Uses Š Benzodiazepines Antagonist Š Flumazenil Š Antiepileptic Drugs Š Classification Š Phenobarbitone 6 Š Primidone Š Phenytoin (Diphenylhydantoin) Š Pharmacokinetics Š Adverse Effects Š Carbamazepine Š Ethosuximide Š Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate) Š Diazepam Š Lamotrigine Š Gabapentin Š Vigabatrin

Lec 12 Š Treatment of Epilepsies 0:54:32 186 Š Phenobarbitone and valproate Š Status epilepticus Š Anti Parkinsonian Drugs Š Classification Š Levodopa Š Actions Š Nonselective MAO inhibitors Š Direct Dopaminergic Agonists Š Bromocriptine Š Amantadine Seleqiline (Deprenyl) Š Central Anticholinergics Š Drugs Used in Mental Illness Antipsychotic Drugs Š Classification Š Thioridazine Š Trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioproperazine Š Penfluridol Š Pimozide Š Molindone Š Loxapine Š Clozapine Š Risperidone Š Sulpiride Š Adverse Effects

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 13 Š Malignant neuroleptic syndrome 0:57:56 198 GY Š Antianxiety Drugs Š Classification Š Benzodiazepines Š Diazepam Š Oxazepam Š Lorazepam Š Alprazolam Š Buspirone Š Drugs for Affective Disorders Antidepressants Š MAO-A Š MAO-B Š Nonselective MAO Inhibitors Š Moclobemide Š Tricyclic and Related Antidepressants Š Pharmacokinetics Š Adverse effects Š Interactions Š Notes on distinctive Antidepressants Š Clomipramine Š Amoxapine Š Fluoxetine Š Trazodone Š Mianserin Š Venlafaxine Š Mirtazapine Š Antimanic (Mood Stabilizing) Drugs Lithium Carbonate Š Actions and mechanism Š Adverse effects Š Interactions Š Use Š Alternatives to Lithium Š Carbamazepine Š Sodium Valproate

Lec 14 Š Hallucinogens 0:37:41 129 Š Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Š Cannabinoids Š Morphine Š Classification Š Codeine Š Heroin Š Pethidine (Meperidine) Š Fentanyl Š Tramadol Š Opioid Receptors Š Complex Action Opioids and Opioid Antagonists Š Nalorphine Š Pentazocine8 Š Butorphanol Š Pure Opinoid Antagonists Š Naloxone Š Naltrexone

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 15 Š Endogenous Opioid Peptides 0:59:22 202 GY Š Endorphins Š Enkephalins Š Dynorphins Š Nonopioid Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Š Classification Š Salicylates Š Pharmacological Actions Š Pharmacokinetics Š Adverse effects Š Precautions and Contraindications Š Uses Š Indole Derivatives Š Indomethacin Š Sulindac Š Propionic Acid Derivatives Š Anthranilic Acid Derivative (Fenamate) Š Aryl-Acetic Acid Derivatives Š Diclofenacsodium Š Sulfonanilide Derivative Š Nimesulide Š Alkanone Š Nabumetone Š Choice of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Š Celecoxib Š Suppressive and Reserve Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis Š Gold Š d-Penicillamine Š Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine Š SuffasaSazine Š Methotrexate (Mtx) Š Azathioprine Š Cyclosporine Š Drugs Used in Gout Š Acute Gout NSAIDs Š Colchicine Š Chronic Gout Š Uricosuric Drugs Š Probenecid Š Sulfinpyrazone Š Uric Acid Synthesis inhibitor Š Allopurinol

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 16 CNS Stimulants and Congnition Enhancers 0:56:51 194 GY Š Strychnine Š Analeptics Š Psychostimolants Š Methylphenidate Š Piracetam Š Tacrine Š Ginkgo biloba Š Cardiovascular Drugs Š Nonautomatic fibres Š Automatic fibres Š SA node Š Effective refractory period (ERP) Š Cardiac Glycosides and Drugs for C.H.F. Š Cardiac Glycosides Š Pharmacological Actions Š Uses Š Slow digitalization Š Rapid oral digitalization Š Emergent i.v.digitalization Š Current status of digitalis Š Continued digitalis therapy Š Atrial fibrillation (AF) Š Atrial flutter (AFI) Š Adverse Effects Š Precautions and Contraindications Š Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors Š Amrinone Š Milrinone Š Antiarrhythmic Drugs Š Class I Š Subclass IA Š Quinidine Š Paradoxical tachycardia

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 17 Š Procainamide 0:56:14 192 GY Š SubClass IB Š Lidocaine (Lignocaine) Š Lidocaine Š Mexiletine Š Phenytoin Š Sub Class IC,Flecainide,Propafenone Š Class II,Propranolol,Sotalol Š Class lll,Amiodarone,Bretylium Š Class IV Š Drugs for A-V Block Atropine Š Antianginal and Other Anti-ischaemic Drugs Š Classification Š Nitrates (GTN as prototype) Š Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, Nitroglycerine) Sublingual route Š Isosorbide dinitrate Š Š Calcium Channel Blockers Š Verapamil Š Other Dihydropyridines (DHPs) Š Nicardipine Š Felodipine Š Amlodipine Š Nitrendipine Š Rational Drug Combinations Š Blocker+long acting nitrate combination is rational in classical angina Š Bumetanide Š Thiazide and Related Diuretics Š Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors Š Guanethidine Š Treatment of Hypertension Š Combinations to be a voided Š Drugs Acting on Kidney Š Site I: Proximal tubule Š Site II:Ascending limb of loop of Henle (AscLH) Š Site III:Cortical diluting segment of Henle loop Š Site IV:Distal tubule(DT) & collecting duct(CD) Š Diuretics Š Classification Š High Efficacy diuretics (Inhibitors of Na+-K+-2Cr cotransport) Š Medium efficacy cliuretics (Inhibitors of Na+- Crsymport) Š High Ceiling (Loop) Diuretics (Inhibitors of Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransport) Š Furosemide (Frusemide) Š Advantages of Prazosin Š Central Sympatholytics Clonidine Š Methyldopa Š Vasodilators Š Hydralazine/Dihydralazine Š Minoxidil Š Diazoxide

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHARMACOLO Lec 18 Š Potassium Channel Openers 0:57:31 196 GY Š Minoxidil and diazoxide Š Nicorandil Š Other Antianginal Drugs Š Other Anti-Ischaemic Drugs Š Pentoxiphylline (Oxpentifylline) Š Drug Therapy in Myocardial Infarction Š Antihypertensive Drugs Š Classifcation Š Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Š Losartan Š Calcium Channel Blockers Š Do's and Don'ts about CCBs Š Diuretics Š Adrenergic Blockers Š Prazosin

Lec 19 Š Potassium Sparing Diuretics 0:40:11 137 Š Antidiuretic Hormone Š Drugs Affecting Blood and Blood Formation Š Haematinics and Erythropoietin Š IRON Š Factors impeding iron absorption Š Transport, storage and excretion Š Erythropoietin Š Drugs Affecting Coagulation, Bleeding and Thrombosis Š Vitamin K Š Ethamsylate Š Sclerosing Agents Š Anticoagulants Š Heparin Š Low dose (S.c) regimen Š Heparin Antagonist Š Oral Anticoagulants Action and Mechanism Š Uses of Anticoagulants Š Fibrinolytics (Thrombolytics) Š Streptokinase Š Uses of Fibrinolytics Š Antiplatelet Drugs Š Dipyridamole Š Ticlopidine Š Uses of antiplatelet drugs Š Hypolipoproteinemic Drugs and Plasma Expanders Š Lipid Transport Š Types of primary hyperlipoproteinemias Š Type I Š Type IIa Š Type III Š Type IV Š HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Š Lovastatin Š Simvastatin Š Fibric Acid Derivatives Š Clofibrate Š Nicotinic Acid Š Probucol Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 61

Š Other Hypolipidemics Š Neomycin Š Antimicrobial Drugs Š Classification Š Mechanism of action Š Spectrum of activity Š Type of action Š Primarily bacteriostatic Primarily bactericidal Š Systemic Š Drug Resistance Š Cross Resistance Š Prevention of drug resistance Š Choice of an antimicrobial agent Š Combined use of Antimicrobials Š Antibacterial Spectrum Š Sulfonamides Š Cotrimoxazole Š Quinolones Š Beta Lactam Antibiotics Š Penicillins Š Penicilling-G (Benzyl Penicillin1) Š Semisynthetic Penicillins Classification Š Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins Š Extended Spectrum Penicillins Š Aminopenicillins Š Bacampicillin Š Carbenicillin Š Beta-Lattamase Inhibitors Š Cephalosporins Š First Generation Cephalosporins Š Cephalothin Š Cefazolin Š Cephaloridine Š Second Generation Cephalosporins Š Third Generation Cephalosporins Š Cefotaxime Š Ceftriaxone Š Fourth Generation Cephalosporin Š Cefpirome Š Uses of Cephalosporins Š Monobactams Š Carbapenems Š Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol Š Chloramphenicol Š Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Š Macrolide Antibiotics Š Erythromycin Š Newer Macrolides Š Lincomycin Š Teicoplanin Š Polypeptide Antibiotics Š Urinary Antiseptics Š Methenamine (Hexamine) Š Antitubercular Drugs Š First line drugs Š Second line drugs Š Newer drugs Š Isoniazid (Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, H) Subscribe through Medicos E-Learning www.medicoselearning.com (in association with Medico Abroad, Hyderabad, AP, India) www.medicoabroad.in E-mail:[email protected] Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material Page 62

Š Thiacetazone (Tzn, Amithiozone) Š Para-araino salicylic acid (PAS) Š Kanamycin, Amikacin and Capreomycin Š Treatment of Tubercul Jsis Š Short Course Chemotherapy (SCC) Š Role of corticosteroids Š Antileprotic Drugs Š Classification Š Dapsone (DOS) Š Clofazimine (Clo) Š Rifampin ® Š Treatment of Leprosy Š Multidrug therapy (MDT) of leprosy Š Reactions in leprosy Lepra reaction Š Sulfone syndrome Š Reversal Reaction Š Antifungal Drugs Š Classification Š Polyene Antibiotics Š Amphotericin B (AMB) Š Rifampin and minocycline Š Nystatin Š Griseofulvin Š Imidazoles and Triazoles Š Clotrimazole Š Econazole Š Miconazole Š Ketoconazole (KTZ) Š Systemic mycosis Š Terbinafine

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PHYSIOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Physiology Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Physiology Lec-01 0:48:41 166 Lec-02 0:41:21 141 Lec-03 0:41:28 142 Lec-04 0:38:44 132 Lec-05 0:50:57 174 Lec-06 0:42:19 144 Lec-07 0:43:58 150 Lec-08 0:20:06 69.2

Physiology Test 490 Lec-01 0:40:36 138 Lec-02 0:39:55 136 Lec-03 0:39:56 136 Lec-04 0:39:06 133 Lec-05 0:39:05 136 Lec-06 0:32:12 110

Physiology Notes

Physiology Notes No. of Pages = 188

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

PHYSIOLOGY Lec 01 Š Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System 0:36:43 125 Cardio Physiology Š Direction of blood flow Š Components of the vasculature Š Arteries Š Arterioles Š Capillaries Š Venules Š Veins Š Velocity of blood flow Š Poiseuille's equation Š Reynold's Number Š Compliance Š Mean Pressure in the systemic circulation

Lec 02 Š Systolic pressure 0:42:50 146 Š Diastolic pressure Š Pulse pressure Š Mean arterial pressure Š Venous pressure Š PR interval Š QRS complex Š QT complex Š ST segment Š T wave Š Cardiac action potentials Š Phase 0 Š Phase 1 Š Phase 2 Š Phase 3 Š Phase 4 Š Sinoatrial (SA) node Š AV node Š Conduction velocity Š Absolute refractory period (ARP) Š Relative Refractory Period (RRP)

Lec 03 Š Chronotropic effects 0:39:00 133 Š Dromotropic effects Š Parasympathetic effects on heart rate and conduction Š Negative chronotropic effect Š Positive dromotropic effect Š Myocardial cells structure Sarcomere Š Intercalated disks Š Gap junctions Š T tubules Š Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Š Steps in excitation-contraction coupling Š Factors that increase contractility Š Factors that decrease contractility

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 04 Š Length-tension relationship in the ventricles 0:42:30 145 Š Sarcomere Length Š Frank-Starling relationship Š Ventricular pressure-volume loops Š isovolumetric contraction Š Ventricular ejection Š isovolumetric relaxation Š Ventricular filling Š Venous return, or vascular function, curve

Lec 05 Š Cardiac output 0:37:31 128 Š Ejection fraction Š Stroke work Š Cardiac oxygen (O2) consumption Š Measurement of cardiac output by the Fick principle Š Cardiac Cycle Š 7 Phases Š Atrial systole Š Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Š Rapid Ventricular ejection

Lec 06 Š Reduced Ventricular ejection 0:47:31 142 Š Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Š Rapid Ventricular Filling Š Reduced Ventricular filling (diastasis) Š Mitral stenosis Š Aortic valve stenosis

Lec 07 Š Regulation of Arterial pressure 0:39:48 136 Š Baroreceptor reflex Š Responses of the vasomotor centre Š Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Š Angiotensin-converting enzyme Š Cerebral ischemia Š Cushing reaction Š Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies Š Vasopressin [antidiuretic hormone(ADH)] Š Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Š Microcirculation and Lymph Structure of Capillary beds Š Fluid exchange across capillaries Š Sample calculations using the Startling equation Š Lymph, Edema Š Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

Lec 08 Š Local (intrinsic ) control of blood flow 0:40:35 138 Š Examples of active hyperemia Š Histamine,Bradykinin Š Serotonin (5-hydroxytrytamine) Š Prostaglandins Š Coronary Circulation Š Carotid sinus baroreceptors Š Orthostatic hypotension Š Summary of Effects of Exercise Š Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies, Reynold's Number Š ADH,Summary of Responses of Hemorrhage

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Endocrine Lec 01 Š Endocrine Physiology 0:40:13 137 Physiology Š Overview of Hormones Radioimmunoassay Š Regulation of hormone secretion Š Negative feedback Š Positive feedback Š Regulation of receptors Š Down-regulation of receptors Š Up-regulation of receptors Š Cell Mechanisms and Second Messengers Š G protein Š Adenylate cyclase mechanism

Lec 02 Š Phospholipase C 0:44:28 152 Š Ca2+ Calmodulin mechanism Š Steroid hormone and thyroid hormone mechanism Š Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) Hypothalamic-Pituitary relationships Š Posterior pituitary hormones Š Hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary Š Growth hormone (somatotropin) Š Somatomedins Š Actions of growth hormone Š Direct actions of growth hormone Š Actions of growth hormone via IGF Š Pathophysiology of growth hormone Š Prolactin Š Regulation of prolactin secretion Š Actions of prolactin Š Pathophysiology of prolactin Š Regulation of prolactin secretion Š ADH Š Regulation of ADH secretion Š Oxytocin Š Synthesis of thyroid hormones Š Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion Š Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins Š Actions of thyroid hormone

Lec 03 Š Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla 0:38:12 130 Š 21-Carbon steroids Š 19-Carbon steroid-Testosterone Š 18-Carbon steroids Š Regulation of secretion of adrenocortical hormones Š Hypothalamic control - corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Decreases in blood PHYSIOLOGY Lec 04 volume 0:39:40 135 Š Renin Š Angiotensin-I Š Angiotensin-II Š Aldosterone Š Mechanism of aldosterone action on sodium reabsorption at Š Model of a putative amiloride-sensitive sodium channel Š Actions of glucocorticoids (cortisol) Š Stimulation of gluconeogenesis Š Actions of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Š Pathophysiology of the adrenal cortex Š Adrenocortical insufficiency Š Cushing's syndrome

Lec 05 Š 21b-Hydroxylase deficiency 0:40:32 138 Š Virilization in Women Š Endocrine pancreas Glucagon and Insulin Organization of theendocrine pancreas Š Cell Types of the Islets of Langerhans Š Glucagon Š Actions of glucagon Š Regulation of Glucagon Secretion Š Insulin Š Regulation of Insulin secretion Š Mechanism of insulin secretion Š Insulin receptor Š Actions of insulin Š Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration Š Insulin decreases blood fatty acid and ketoacid concentrations Š Insulin decreases blood amino acid concentration Š Insulin decrease blood K+ concentration Š Insulin pathophysiology - diabetes mellitus Š Somatostatin

Lec 06 Š Diagnosis of GDM with a 100 g glucose load 0:38:33 132 Š ADA criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG)

Š Classification of glucose transport and HK activity according to their tissue distribution and functional regulation

Š Paratharmone Š Positive Ca2+ balance Š Negative CA2+ balance Š Parathyroid hormones (PTH) Š Distribution of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Š RANKL -- receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand

Š Pathophysiology of hypercalcemia

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 07 Š Actions of PTH 0:39:26 134 Š Regulation of PTH Biosynthesis and Secretion Š Pathophysiology of PTH Š MENI Syndrome Š MENII Syndrome Š Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy Š Disordered calcium homeostasis in granulomatous disease Š Management of Acute Hypercalcemia Š Pattern of bone loss in primary hyperparathyroidism Š Hypoparathyroidism Š Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia-Albright's hereditary Osteodystrophy Š Pathophysiological basis for X-linked hypophosphatemia Š Pathophysiology of PTH Š Metabolic Activation of Vitamin D

Lec 08 Š Actions of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 0:39:28 134 Š Calcitonin Š Sexual Differentiation Š Gonadal sex Š Phenotypic sex Š Male phenotype Š Female phenotype Š Male Reproduction Synthesis of testosterone Š Leydig cells Š 5a-reductase inhibitors (finasteride) Š Regulation of tests Š Hypothalamic control-GnRH Š Anterior pituitary-FSH and LH FSH acts on the Sertoli cells Š Negative feedback control-testosterone and inhibin Š Factors that influence the level of SHBG in plasma Š Action of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone Š Puberty Š Female Reproduction Theca cells Š A human primordial follicle (PF) Š Secondary follicle Š four subtypes of granulosa cells Lec 09 Š Theca interna 0:41:20 141 Š Theca interstitial cells Š Regulation of the ovary Hypothalamic control - GnRH Š Anterior lobe of the pituitary - FSH and LH Š Negative and positive feedback control - estrogen and progesterone Š Actions of estrogen, Actions of progesterone Š Menstrual cycle- Follicular phase Š Ovulation (day 15) Š Luteal phase (days 15-28) Š Secondary FSH rise in women Š Two Gonadotropin-Two Cell Concept" of follicle estrogen production Š Effects of the LH/FSH surge on egg cumulus expansion in situ

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 10 Š Two-cell, two-gonadotropin hypothesis 0:47:18 161 Š Menses (day 1-4) Š Pregnancy Š Fertilization Š Parturition Š Lactation Š Syncytiocytotrophoblasts Š Decidua

Respiratory Lec 01 Š Transpulmonary pressure recoil pressure of the lung 0:42:17 144 Physiology Š Pleural pressure Š Alveolar pressure Š Functional residual capacity Š Total lung capacity

Lec 02 Š Question: If someone inhales to 50% TLC 0:17:05 59 Š During Inspiration Š End Inspiration

Lec 03 Š Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) 0:41:00 140 Š Surfactant Š Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome Š Resistance of the airways Š Lung Volume Š Breathing cycle - description of pressures and airflow Š During Inspiration Š End Inspiration Š During Expiration Š Compliance of Lung Š Laplace's Law Š Lung Volume and Capacities Š Tidal Volume Š Inspiratory reserve volume Š Expiratory reserve volume Š Residue Volume Š Dead Space Š Physiologic dead space Š Ventilation rate: Minute ventilation and Alveolar ventilation Š Lung Capacities Š Functional Residual Capacity Š Total Lung Capacity (TLC) Š Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

Lec 04 Š Relationships between pressure airflow and resistance 0:39:34 135 Š Contraction or Relaxation of branchial smooth muscle Š Lung Volume Š Viscosity or density of inspired gas Š Case Study Š FEV1/FVC Š Lung Disease Š Restrictive Lung Disease

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 05 Š COPD 0:39:18 134 Š Fibrosis Š Gas Exchange Dalton's law of partial pressures Š Partial pressure of O2 and CO2 Š Diffusion of gases such as O2 and CO2 Š Perfusion-limited and diffusion-limited gas exchange Š Oxygen Transport Š Hemoglobin Characteristic - globular protein of four subunits

Š O2 capacity Š O2 content Š AaDO2 or AaDO2 Š Causes of High AaDO2 Š Hemglobin - O2 dissociation curve Š Why -- Sigmoid shape of the curve

Lec 06 Š Oxygen Cascade 0:39:35 135 Š CO2 Transport Š Forms of CO2 Š Distribution of CO2 in blood Š CO2 Dissociation curve Š Causes of Hypoxia Š Pulmonary Circulation Š Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Lec 07 Š Distribution of Pulmonary blood flow 0:40:04 136 Š Zone 1-blood flow is lowest Š Zone 2-blood flow is medium Š Zone 3-blood flow is highest Š Regulation of pulmonary blood flow hypoxic vasoconstriction

Š Fetal pulmonary vascular resistance Š Capillary fluid exchange Š Shunts Right to left shunts Š Left to right shunts Š Ventilation/Perfusion Defects V/Q ratio Š V/Q ratios in different parts of the lung Š V/Q ratio in airway obstruction Š Conrol of Breathing Š Central control of breathing (brain stem and cerebral cortex)

Š Ventral respiratory group Š Dorsal Respiratory Group Š Apneustic centre Š Pneumotaxic center Š Cerebral cortex

Š Chemoreceptors for CO2, H+, and O2 Central Lec 08 chemoreceptors in the medulla 0:20:02 69 Š Peripheral Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 09 Š Comparison of Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors 0:13:13 46 Š Lung Stretch receptors Š Hering-Breuer reflex Š Juxtacapillary receptors Š Integrated Responses of the Respiratory System Exercise Š Summary of Respiratory Responses to Exercise Š Adaptation to high altitude Š Summary of Adaptation to High altitude

Renal and Acid and Lec 01 Š Renal and Acid and Base Physiology 0:39:45 135 Base Physiology Š Body Fluids Š Total body water Š Distribution of water Intracellular fluid (ICF) Š Extracellular fluid Š Body Fluid Fraction of Markers Used to Major

Lec 02 Š Measuring the volumes of the fluid compartments 0:37:22 128 Š Mannitol Š Evans blue Š Shifts of water between compartments Basic principles

Lec 03 Š Changes in volume and Osmolarity of Body Fluids 0:43:23 148 Š Renal Clearance, Renal Blood Flow (RBF), and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Š Angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Š Mechanisms fro autoregulation includes Š Tubuloglomerular feedback Š Measurement of renal plasma flow (RPF) clearance of paraaminohippuric acid (PAH) Š Measurement of RBF Š Measurement of RBF Measurement of GFR clearance of

Lec 04 Š Examples of Calculation of GFR 0:40:44 139 Š Estimates of GFR with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum Š Filtration fraction Š Determining GFR-Starling forces Š PGC is glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure Š PBS is Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure Š Sample calculation of ultrafiltration pressure with the Starling equation. Š III. Reabsorption and Secretion Calculation of reabsorption and secretion rates

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 05 Š Reabsorption of glucose in the proximal tubulae 0:38:58 130 Š Na+ - glucose cotransport Š Excretion of glucose Š Threshold Š Splay Š Tm curve for PAH - a secreted substance Š Secretion of PAH Š Substances with the highest clearances Š Substances with the lowest clearances Š Substances with clearances equal to GFR Š Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) Š Reabsorption of glucose family Š The secretion or PAH family comprises

Lec 06 Š NaCl Regulation 0:39:36 135 Š Filtration slits Š Juxtaglomerular Cells Š Macula Densa Cells Š Mesanglial Cells Š Cells of the Collecting Duct Š Intercalated Cells Š Principal Cells Š Na+ reabsorption along the nephron Proximal tubule Š Isosmotic reabsorption water and salt permeable Š Renal Active Transport Primary Active Transport Š Secondary Active (Facilitated Transport) Š Proximal tubule Š Middle and late proximal tubules special features Š Glomerulotubular balance in the proximal tubule Š Mechanism of glomerulotubular balance

Lec 07 Š Mechanism of glomerulotubular balance 0:25:46 84 Š Starling forces in the peritubular capillary blood Š Effects of ECF volume on proximal tubular reabsorption Š Bicarbonate handling in the early proximal tubule Š Middle Proximal Tubule Š Late Proximal Tubule Š Summary of Proximal Tubule Reabsorption

Lec 08 Š Without considering the amount of water reabsorption 0:36:57 126 Š K+ Reabsorption Š Renal Regulation of Urea, Phosphate, Calcium and Magnesium Š Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Š Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) Š Magnesium (Mg+) Š Concentration and Dilution of Urine Regulation of plasma Š Production of concentrated urine Š Corticopapillary osmotic gradient high ADH Š Courtercurrent multiplication in the loop of Henle Š Aquaporins

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Proximal Tubular Reabsorption Summary of Proximal PHYSIOLOGY Lec 09 Tubule Reabsorption Amino Acids, glucose, and Cl- 0:40:52 139 Š Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle Š Thin Descending and Ascending Limbs Š Late Distal Tubule Š Aldosterone Š Distal Tubule Š Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases H2O permeability Š Aquaporin Š Summary of tubular solute transport Š ECF volume is regulated by the interactions of the renin-angio- tensin-aldosterone system

Lec 10 Š K+ Regulation 0:36:55 126 Š Shifts of K+ between the ICF and ECF Š Renal Regulation of K+ balance Š Glomerular capillaries Š Proximal tubule Š Distal tubule and collecting duct Š Secretion of K+ Š Mechanism of distal K+ secretion Š Aldosterone Š Thiazide and loop diuretics increase K+ secretion Š K+ - sparing diuretics Š Changes in Distal K+ Secretion

Lec 11 Š Corticopapillary osmotic gradient high ADH 0:47:17 161 Š Countercurrent multiplication in the loop of Henle Š Aquarins Š Vasa recta Š Thich ascending limb of the loop of Henle - high ADH Š Effects of ADH on the Na+/K+/2Cl- Š Effects of furosemide on Na+/K+/2Cl- Š Early distaltubule - high ADH Š Late distal tubule - high ADH Š Collecting ducts - high ADH Š Production of dilute urine Š Proximal tubule - no ADH Š Late distal tubule and collecting ducts - no ADH Š Free-water clearance (CH2O) Š (CH2O) (Free-water clearance) is negative Š Calculation of CH2O Š Urine that is isosmotic to plasma (isosthenuric) Š Urine that is hyposmotic to plasma (low ADH) Š Urine that is hyperosmotic to plasma (high ADH) Š Summary of ADH Pathophysiology

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 12 Š Step 1:- Na+ is transported out (Na+/K+/2Cl- pump) 0:40:53 140 Š Acid-Base Balance Acid production Š Buffers Š Extracellular buffers Š Intracellular buffers Š Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate pH

Lec 13 Š Titration curves 0:32:51 112 Š Reabsorption of filtered HCO3- Š Regulation of reabsorption of filtered HCO3- Š Physiologic basis for the renal compensation for respiratory acidosis Š Excretion of fixed H+ Š Excretion of H+ as titratable acid (H2PO4-) Š Excretion of H+ as NH4+ Š What is Renal Tubular Acidosis? Š General Principles

Lec 14 Š Renal Tubular Acidosis 0:31:19 107 Š General Principles Š Proximal Tubular Physiology Š Schematic Representation of Ammonia Š Recycling within the renal medulla Š Collecting Tubule Physiology

Lec 15 Š Collecting Tubule Physiology 0:28:18 97 Š Types of RTA Š Proximal RTA Š Differential Diagnosis of pRTA Conducted Š Distal RTA Š Differential Diagnosis of dRTA

Lec 16 Š Differenctial Diagnosis of dRTA Secretory dRTA 0:43:21 148 Š Distal RTA Š Type IV RTA Š Metabolic acidosis Normal Anion GAP Š Urinary Anion Gap=(UA-UC)=[Na+]+[K+]-[Cl-] Š Osmolar Gap Š Calculated Osmolarity

Lec 17 Š Calculated Osmolarity 0:38:01 130 Š Metabolic acidosis Š Lactic acidosis Š Type A (Tissue hypoxia apparent or probable) Š Type B (Tissue hypoxia not apparent or unlikely) Š Calculation : AG (mEq/L)

Lec 18 Š Metabolic Acidosis increased Anion GAP 0:36:34 125 Š Respiratory alkalosis Š Chronic respiratory alkalosis Š Calculating Compensatory Responses to Simple Disorders

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 19 Š Metabolic alkalosis 0:31:15 107 Š Renal correction of metabolic alkalosis Š Respiratory acidosis Š Adult respiratory distress syndrome COPD Š In Chronic respiratory acidosis Š Diuretics

Gastrointestinal Lec 01 Š Structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 0:40:33 138 Physiology Š Epithelial cells Š Muscularis mucosa Š Circular muscle Š Longitudinal muscle Š Submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus) and myenteric plexus Š Innervation of the GI tract Š Innervation of the GI tract by intrinsic and extrinsic sensory neurons Š Overall effects of PS stimulation Š SOURCES Sympathetic nervous system Š Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Lec 02 Š Gastrin 0:40:37 139 Š Actions of gastrin Š Stimuli for secretion of gastrin Š Inhibition of gastrin secretion Š Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) Š CCK Š Actions of CCK Š Stimuli for the release of CCK Š Secretin Š GIP Š Somatostatin Š Histamine Š Neurocrines

Lec 03 Š VIP 0:39:29 134 Š GRP (bombesin) Š Enkephalins (met -enkephalin and leu-enkephalin) Š Gastrointestinal Motility Š Segmentation Phasic Contractions Š Peristalsis Š Mechanism of slow wave production Š Frequency of slow waves Š Chewing, swallowing, and esophageal peristalsis Š Esophageal motility Š Upper one third Š Sequence of events occurs as food moves into and down the esophagus Š A Secondary peristaltic contraction

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 04 Š Esophageal Motility: Hormonal Influences 0:31:12 106 Š Clinical correlations of esophageal motility Gastric reflux (heartburn) Š Gastric motility Š Gastric emptying Š Small intestinal motility Š Enteric Reflex Š Secretory Reflex Š Gastro-enteric reflex Š Gastric-ileal reflex Š Gastro and deuodeno colic reflexes Š Ileo-gastric reflex Š Intestino-interstinal reflex Š Haustra Š Cecum and proximal colon Š Rectum, anal canal, and defection Š Disorder of large intestinal motility Š Megacolon (Hirschprung's disease) Š Vomiting

Lec 05 Š Gastrointestinal Secretion Salivary secretion 0:45:00 154 Š Composition of Saliva Š The Composition of saliva varies with the salivary flow rate Š Formation of saliva Š Sjogren-Xerostomia Reduced salivary flow rate Š Saliva production, Gastric secretion Š Mechanism of gastric H+ secretion Š Gastric Cells Types and their Secretions Š Vagotomy Š Gastrin Š Potentiating effects of Ach, histamine, and gastrin on H+ secretion Š Histamine Š Inhibition of gastric H+ secretion Negative feedback Š Duodenal ulcers Š Zollinger - Ellison syndrome

Lec 06 Š Cimetidline, Pancreatic secretion 0:43:10 147 Š Composition of pancreatic secretion Š Ductal cells Š Stimulation of pancreatic secretion Š CCK Š Ach (via vagovagal reflexes) Š Summary of Gastrointestinal (GI) Š Bile secretion and gallbladder function Composition and function of bile Š Formation of bile,Cholertic agents,Primary bile acids Š Contraction of the gallbladder CCK Š Digestion and Absorption,Maltase Š Absorption of carbohydrates Glucose and galactose,Lactose intolerance Š Clinical disorders of carbohydrate absorption Š Digestion of proteins,c.Pepsin Lec 07 0:19:21 66

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Cell Physiology Lec 01 Š Cell membrances 0:38:33 132 Š Lipid-soluble substances Š Water-soluble substances Š Proteins Š Integral proteins Š Peripheral proteins Š Intercellular connections Tight junctions (zonula occuludens)

Š Gap junction Š Transport Across Cell Membranes Š Sample calculation for diffusion Š Permeability Š Factors that increase permeability Š Characteristics of Different Types of Transport Š Carrier-mediated transport Š Stereospecificity Š Saturation Š Transport maximum (Tmax) Š Facilitated diffusion Characteristics of faciliated diffusion Š Example of facilitated diffusion

Lec 02 Š Example of facilitated diffusion 0:44:21 151 Š ATP-binding cassette (ABC) system of transport Š Primary active transport *characteristics of primary active transport Š Examples of primary active transport Š Ca2+-ATPase (or Ca2+ pump) Š H+, K+, - ATPase (or proton pump) Š Secondary active transport *characteristics of secondary active transport Š Na+ --glucose contransport Š Na+ -K+ --2CL -contransport Š Example of Na+ - glucose contransport Š Example of Na+ - Ca2+ countransport or exchange Š Isotonic solution Š Hypertonic solution Š Hypotonic solution Š Osmosis Š Osmolarity Š Calculating osmotic pressure (van't Hoff's law) Š Reflection coefficient Š Diffusion Potential Š Ion channels Š Ion channels are selective Š Ion channels may be open or closed Š Voltage-gated channels Š Ligand-gated channels

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PHYSIOLOGY Lec 03 Š Diffusion and equilibrium potentials 0:27:00 93 Š Examples of a Na+ diffusion potential Š Na+ equilibrium potential Š Example of a Cl- diffusion potential Š Cl- equilibrium potential Š Using the Nernst equation to calculate equilibrium potentials

Š Sample calculation with the Nernst equation Š Resting membrane potential Š Action potentials Depolarization Š Action potential (Threshold)

Lec 04 Š Ionic basis of the nerve action potential 0:41:42 142 Š Repolarization of the action potential Š Refractory periods Absolute refractory period Š Relative refractory period Š Accommodation Š Propagation of action potentials Š Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission General Š Neuromuscular junction Š Deplorization of the presynaptic presynaptic terminal and Ca2+ uptake Š Agents Affecting Neuromuscular Transmission Š Disease-myasthenia gravis

Lec 05 Š Disease-myasthenia gravis 0:34:28 118 Š Synaptic transmission One-to-one synapses Š Many-to-one synapses Š Excitatory neurotransmitters Š Summation at synapses Š Ficilitation, argumentation, and post-tetanic potentiation Š Glutamate Receptor types Š NMDA receptor properties Š Ionotropic synapse: Š Metabotropic synapse Š Neurotransmitters: Ach, Norepinephrine, epinephrine Š dopamine

Lec 06 Š Metabolites 0:43:26 148 Š Histamine,GABA,Glycine,Skeltal Muscle Š Thick filaments,Thin filaments,Troponin Š Summary of Events in Muscle Contraction and Relaxation,Titin,T tubules Lec 07 Š SR internal tubular structure 0:36:06 123 Š Junctophilins (JP) Š Calsequestrin (CSQ) Š Mechanism of tetanus Š Length-tension relationship Š Force-velocity curve Š Isometric Contractions Š Active tension,Depolarisation Š Force-velocity relationship Š Types of smooth muscle

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BIOCHEMISTRY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Bio Chemistry Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Bio-Chemistry Lec-01 0:37:12 127 Lec-02 0:41:43 142 Lec-03 0:40:22 138 Lec-04 0:21:36 74.3

Bio-Chemistry Test 569 Lec-01 0:42:07 144 Lec-02 0:38:54 133 Lec-03 0:34:58 119

Bio Chemistry Notes

Bio Chemistry Notes No. of Pages = 90

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

BIOCHEMI Lec 01 Š Classify the amino acids 0:29:55 102 STRY Š N0n-Polar Amino Acids Amino Acids Š Amino acid with uncharged polar side chains Š Amino acids with acidic side chains Š optical properties of amino acids Š ACIDIC AND BASIC PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS Š Handerson -Hasselbalch euqation.

Lec 02 Š Buffers 0:28:12 97 Š Titration of an amino acid Š Isoelectric point Š applications of the Henderson Hasselbalch equation

Lec 03 Š Structure of Proteins 0:39:13 134 Structure of Proteins Š Peptide bonds Š Characteristics of the peptide bond Š Polarity of the peptide bond Š Determination of a protein's primary structure by DNA sequencing Š SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Š α- helix,β-sheet,β-bend Š Parellel and antiparellel sheets Š Nonrepetitive secondary structure Š Supersecondary strcture (motifs) Š TERTITARY STRUCTURE OF GLOBULAR PROTEINS Š Domains Š Interactions stabilizing tertiary structure Š A disulfide bond Š Hydrophobic interactions: Š Hydrogen bonds Š Ionic interactions: Š Protein folding Š Role of chaperones in protein folding

Structure & Globular Lec 04 Š Quality of stucture of proteins 0:41:22 141 Proteins Š Denature of Proteins Š Protein Misfolding Š Amyloidoses Š Alzheimer disease Š Prion disease Š Structure and function of hemoglobin Hemoglobin A Š Quaternary structure of hemoglobin Š T form Š R form Š Binding of oxygen to myoglobin and hemoglobin Š Oxgen dissociation curve Š Cooperativity of Oxygen Š Significance of the sigmoidal O2 dissociation curve Š Bohr effect Š Mechamism of the bohr effect Š effect of 2/3-bisphosphoglycerate on oxygen affinity

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI Lec 05 Š Shift of the oxygen -dissociation curve 0:42:17 144 STRY Š Response of 2,3-BPG Levels to chronic hypoxia or anemia: Globular Proteins Š Binding of co2 Š Response of 2,3-BPG Levels to chronic hypoxia or anemia:

Š Bindingh of CO Š Fetal hemoglobin(Hbf) Š Hba synthesis Š Hemoglobin A2(HbA2): Š Hemoglobin A1c Š ORGANIZATION OF THE GLOBI GENES α-Gene family Š β-Gene family Š steps in globin chain synthesis Š HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES Š Sickle-cell anemia (Hbs) Š Thalassemia syndromes Š Sickle cell disease(hemoglobin S disease) Š sickle cell trait Š Amino acid substitution in Hbs Š Variables that increase sickling Š Hemoglobin C disease Š hemoglobin SC disease Š D.Methemoglobinemias Š Thalassemias Š β-Thalassemias Š α-Thalassemias

Globular & Fibrous lecture 06 Š COLLAGEN 0:27:48 95 Proteins Š Fibril-forming collagens Š netwrok-forming collagens Š strucutral of collagen Š Biosynthesis of collagen Š Extracellular cleavage of procollagen molecules: Š gradation of collagen Š Ehlers-danlos syndrome(EDS) Š Osteogenesis imperfecta(OI) Š Structure of elastin Š Tropoelastin Š Mutations in the fibrilling gene Š α-Antitrypsin Š Emphysema resulting from α1-AT deficiency

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIO Lec 07 Š PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES 0:33:22 114 CHEMISTRY Š ribozyme Enzymes Š Active sites Š Cofactors Š Regulation Š HOW ENZYMES WORK Š FACTORS AFFECTING REACTION VELOCITY Š MAXIMAL VELOCITY Š Hyper shape of the enzyme kinetics curve Š Effect of PH on the ionization of the activesite: Š Effect of PH on enzyme denaturation: Š MICHAELIS-METEN EQUATION Š Michaelis-Menten equation Š steady-state assumption: Š Important conclusion about Michae;ostmenten kinetics Š Characteristics of Km,small Km,Large km Š relationship of velocity of enzyme concentration: Š Order of reaction: Š Lineweaver-Burket plot Š INHIBITION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY Reversible inhibitors Š Irreversible inhibition Š Competitive inhibition Š Effect of km Š Effect on lineweaver-Burke plot: Š Statin drugs--examples of competitive inhibitors Š Noncompetitive inhibition Š Effect on Vmax

Enzymes Lec 08 Š Effect on Km 0:38:42 132 Š Enzyme inhibitors as drugs Š REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY Š Allosteric binding sites Š Homotropic effec tors: Š Heterotropic effectors Š Feedback inhibition Š Regulation of enzymes by covalent modification Š phosphorylation and dephosphorylation Š Induction & repression of enzymes synthesis Š ENZYMES IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS Š Isoenzymes and disease of the heart Š Diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Glycolysis tobe Lec 09 Š glycolytic pathway 0:40:13 137 Š Aerobic glycolysis Š Transport of Glucose into the cells Š Tissue specificity of GLUT gene expression Š Na+- monosaccharide contransporter system Š reactions of glycolysis,Hexokinase: Š ilucokinase Š Regulation by fructose 6-phosphate and glucose: Š Regulation by insulin,pfk-1 Š regulation by energy levels within the cell: Š regulation by fructose 2,-6 bisphosphate: Š Synthesis of 2,3-bisphosphologlycerate in red blood cells, stravation

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI Lec 10 Š substrate-level phosphorylation 0:41:50 143 STRY Š Covalent modulation of pyruvate kinase: Glycolysis tobe Š pyruvate kinase deficiency: Š Reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Lec 11 Š Lactate formation in muscle: 0:18:35 64 Š Lactate consumption: Š Lactic acidosis: Š Energy yield from glycolysis Š HORMONAL REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS Š ALTERNATE FATES OF PYRUVATE Š Reduction of pyruvate to ethanol (microorganisms)

Gluconeogenesis lecture 12 Š gluconeogenies 0:47:43 163 Š substrates for gluconeogenesis Š The Cori Cycle Š Reactions unique to gluconeogenesis Š Summary of the reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Š Regulation of Gluconeogenesis

Glycogen Lec 13 Š Glycogen Metabolism tobe 0:31:17 107 Metabolism tobe Š Synthesis of Glycogen Š Glycogen Synthase Š Formation of branches in glycogen Š glycogenolysis Š Lysosomal degradation of glycogen Š Regulation of Glycogen synthesis and Degradation Š Glycogen storage Diseases

Tricarboxylic acid Lec 14 Š Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Š Reactions of the Tca cycle 0:45:05 154 fructose metabolism Š Mehcnism of Š Energy produced by the tca cycle Š regulation of the tca cycle Š Fructose Metabolism Š Fructokinase Š aldolase A aldolase B Š Sorbitol Metabolism Š III Galactose Metabolism Š Role of UDP-galactose in biosynthetic reactions Š LACTOSE SYNTHESIS

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI Lec 15 Š PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND NADPH 0:41:16 141 STRY Š Function of PPP Pentose Phosphate Š Irriversble Oxidative Reactions Pathway and Š Reversible Non oxidative Reactions NADPH Š Uses of NADPH Š Cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system Š Mitochondrial system Š Microsomal system Š MPO System Š NADPH oxidase Š Synthesis of nitric oxide Š No synthase Š GLUCOSE6-P DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Š Role of G6PD in red blood cells Š Precipitation fcators in G6PD deficiency Š Favism Š G6PDA, G6PD mediterranean

Fatty Acid and Lec 16 Š Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism 0:34:04 116 Triacylglycerol Š STRUCTUREOF FATTY ACIDS Metabolism Š Saturation of fatty acids Š Essential fatty acids Š DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS Š Short-term regulation of acetyi coA carboxylase: Š Long-term regulation of acety I CoA carboxylase Š Fatty acid synthase:a multifunctional enzyme in eukaryotes

Š major sources of the NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis Š elongation of fatty acid chains Š Desaturation of fatty acid chains Š Storage of fatty acids as components of triacylglycerols

Lec 17 Š Structure of triacylglycerols(TAG) 0:38:47 132 Š Storage of TAG,Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle Š Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle Š Different fates of TAG in the liver& adi adipose tissue Š Mobilization of Stored Fats and Oxidation of Fatty Acids Š Activation of hormone-sensitive lipase Š Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Š Fate of glycerol,Fate of fatty acids Š β-Oxidation of fatty acids Š Transport of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in to the mitochondria Š Inhibitor of the carnitine shuttle Š sources of carnitine Š Additional functions of carrnitine Š Carnitine deficiencies Š Entry of short-and medimum-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria Š Reactions of β-oxidation Š Emedium-chain fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase(MCAD) deficiency

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI Lec 18 Š Oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons 0:40:00 137 STRY Š Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids Š β-Oxidation in the peroxisome Š zellweger(cerebrohepatorenal) syndrome Š α-Oxidation of fatty acids Š Refsum disease Š Ketone Bodies: An alternative fuel for cells Š Synthesis of KETONE bodies by the liver Š HMG CoA synthase Š Excessive production of ketone bodies in diabtes mellitus

Cholestrol and Lec 19 Š Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism 0:40:43 138 Steroids Š Structure of Cholestrol Š Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism Š Cholesteryl ester(CE) Š Synthesis of Cholestrol Š Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl CoA(HMG CoA) Š HMG CoA reductase Š Synthesis of cholesterol Š Biosynthesis of Squalene Š Biosynthesisof lanosterol Š Biosynthesis of cholesterol Š smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome(SLOS) Š Regulation of cholesterol synthesis Š Sterol regulatory element-binidng protein, or SREBP Š Hormonal regulation,Inhibition by drugs Š Degradation of Cholestrol Š Bile acids and Bile Salts Š Structure of the bile acids Š Synthesis of bile acids Š rate-limiting step in bile acid synthesis Š Synthesis of bild salts Š Action of intestinal flora on bile salts Š Enterohepatic circulation Š Bile salt deficiency :choleithiasis Š obstruction of the biliary tract

Cholestrol and Lec 20 Š Plasma lipoproteins 0:40:42 139 Steroids Metabolism Š Compostion of plasma lipoproteins Š Apolipoproteins Š Metabolism of chylomicrons Š Synthesis of apolipoproteins Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB- 48) Š Degradation of triacylglcerol by lipoparotein lipase Š type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia Š Formation of chylomicron remnants: Š Metabolism of very low density lipoproteins Š Fatty liver"(hepatic steatosis) Š Relase of VLDLs Š abetalipoproteinemia Š IDL, Apolipoprotein E Š familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI Lec 21 Š Metabolism of low-density lipoproteins 0:37:00 126 STRY Š Receptors-mediated endocytosis: Š Wolman disease Š Ninemann-pick disease,type C Š Effect of endocytosed cholesterol on cellular cholesterol Š CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT) Š Metabolism of high-density lipoproteins(HDL) Š Functions HDL function1 Š HDL function2 Š HDL function3 Š PCAT Š FAMILIAL lcat DEFICIENCY Š Key components of cholesterol homeostasis Š Role of lipoprotein (a) in heart disease

Amino Acids Lec 22 Š Amino Acids:Disposal of Nitorgen 0:41:07 140 Š Transamination Š Trans-deamination Š Amino acid pool Š Protein degradation: Š chemical signals for protein degradation: Š PEST sequences Š REMOVAL OF NITROGEN FROM AMINO ACIDS Š Transaminbation:the funneling of amino groups to glutamate

Š Substrate specificity of aminotransferases: Š Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) Š Glutamate:pyruvate transaminaseGPT] Š Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) Š Mechanism of action of aminotransferases: Š Diagnostic value of plasmaaminotransferases Š Ammonia Š Glutamate dehydrogenase: Š Allosteric regulators Š Transport of ammonia to the liver

Lec 23 Š glutamine synthetase glutaminase 0:32:51 112 Š Glucose/Alanine Cycle Š Urea Cycle Š Reactions of the Cycle Š ARGINASE Š Fate of Urea Š Overall Stoichiometry of the Urea Cycle Š Regulation of the Urea Cycle Š Metabolism of Ammonia Š Hereditary Hyperammonia Dificiency

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size BIOCHEMI 24 &25 Š Nucleotide metabolism 0:27:12 93 STRY Š Nucleotide Structure 0:48:23 165 Š Unusual Bases Nucleotide Š Nucleocides Metabolism Š Synthesis of Purine Nucleotides Š Synthesis of 5-Phosphoribosyl-1Pyrophosphate(PRPP) Š Nine Steps in Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis Š Conversion of IMP To AMP and GMP Š Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) Š Conversion of nucleoside monophosphates to nucleoside Š Salvage pathway for purines Š Conversion of purine bases to nucleotides: Š Lesch-nyhan syndrome Š Synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides Š Ribonucleotide reductase Š Degradation of purine nucleotides Š Degradation of dietary nucleic acids Š Diseses associated with purine degradation Š Gout Š Hyperuricemia Š Primary gout Š Lesch-nyhan syndrome Š Secondary hyperuricemia Š Treatment for gout Š Allopurinol Š Adenosine deaminase deficiency Š Severe combined immunodeficiency disease(scid Š Pyrimidine synthesis and degradation Š Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ii Š Synthesis of orotic acid Š Orotic aciduria Š Synthesis of thymidine monophosphate form dump Š Salvage of pyrimidines Š Degradation of pyrimidine nucleotides

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ANATOMY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Anatomy Mock Test & Notes Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Anatomy Lec-01 0:41:38 142 Lec-02 0:37:03 127 Lec-03 0:40:07 137 Lec-04 0:46:15 158 Lec-05 0:45:19 155 Lec-06 0:25:47 88.5 Lec-07 0:30:00 102 Lec-08 0:40:25 138

Anatomy Test 497 Lec-01 0:39:31 135 Lec-02 0:40:00 136 Lec-03 0:41:21 141 Lec-04 0:40:00 137 Lec-05 0:38:56 133 Lec-06 0:36:04 123

Anatomy Notes

Anatomy Notes No. of Pages = 100

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ANATOMY Lec 01 Š Meninges 0:50:04 170 Meninges Š Meningial spaces Š Cerebrospinal fluid Š Bacterial meningitis Š Viral meningitis Š Ventricular System Š Hydrocephalus Š Noncommunicating hydrocephal Š Communicating hydrocephalus Š Normal-pressure hydrocephalus Š Hydrocephalus ex vacuo Š Pseudotumor cerebri Š Cerebrospinal Fluid Š Formation and absorption Š Herniation Š Transtentorial (uncal) herniation

Blodd Supply Lec 01 Š Blood Supply 0:24:58 86 Š Typically continuous sulci Š Typically discontinuous sulci Š Sylvian Fissure Š Arteries of the base of the brain and brain stem Š The Internal Carotid System Š Ophthalmic Artery Š Posterior Communicating Artery

Lec 02 Š Case Presentation 0:44:37 152 Š Anterior Cerebral Artery Š Anterior Communicating Artery Š Bilateral Occlusion of Anterior Cerebral Arterior Š Middle cerebral artery Š Unilateral occlusion of Middle Š Cerebral Arteries at the stem (Proximal M1 segment) Š Lenticulostriate Arteries Š Neurovascular Syndrome Suprior Division Infarction Š Inferior Division Infarction

Lec 03 Š Vertibrobasilar System 0:48:47 166 Š Clinical Presentation of Vertibral basilar Ischemia Š Stroke Š Posterior Inferior cerebellar artery Š Posterior Inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) Š Wallenberg, Lateral Medullary Š Wallenberg's Syndrome Š Carotid Angiogram Š Durettes hemorrhages

Lec 04 Š Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) 0:27:34 95 Š AICA Infarct: Š Blood Supply of the Internal Capsule Š Veins of the Brain Š Basilar Artery tip Aneurysm

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 05 Š Venous Dural Sinuses 0:28:50 99 Š Calcarine Artery Š Lacunar infarct Š Middle Meningeal Artery Š Epidural hematoma Š A subdural hematoma (SDH)

Development of Lec 01 Š Development of the Nervous System 0:45:46 156 Nervous System Š Pseudounipolar neurons Š Dorsal root ganglion Š Bipolar neuron Š Nissl substance Š Axonal Transport Š wallerian Degeneration Š Chromatolysis Š Regeneration of Nerve Cells Š Glial Cells Š Astrocytes Functions Š Microglia

Neurohistology Lec 01 Š Ependymal cells 0:47:06 160 Š Oligodendroglia-H and E Stains Only their Nuclei Š Blood-Brain Barrier Š Blood-CSF Barrier Š Lipofuscin granules Š Lewy bodies Negri bodies Š Neuron-Intranuclear Inclusion Body Š Hirano bodies Š Neuronfibrillary tangles Š Classification of Nerve Fibers Š Tumors of the central and peripheral Š Glioblastoma multiforme Š Cutaneous Receptors Š Free nerve endings Š Meissner corpuscles Š Pacinian corpulscles Š Merkel disks

Spinal Cord Lec 01 Š Muscle Stretch (myotaric) reflex 0:30:53 105 Š Dorsal root,Ventral root Š Dorsal ramus,Ventral ramus Š Gray communicating ramus Š white communicating ramus Š Termination of the conus medullaris Š Location of the Major Motor and Sensory Nuclei of the Spinal Cord Š The Myotatic Reflex

Tracts of Spinal Lec 01 Š Dorsal Column-medial lemniscus pathway 0:47:19 161 Cord Š Lateral Spinothalamic tract Lateral Corticospinal tract Š Motor Homunculus Š Frontal Association cortex Š Cortical Control of Movement Course of the lateral corticospinal tract

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 02 Š Hypthalamospinal Tract 0:22:53 79 Š Pathophysiology of Horner's Syndrome Š Cause of Horner's Syndrome Š Rubrospinal system

Lec 03 Š Tectospinal tracts 0:39:59 136 Š Reticulospinal tract Š Medial longitudinal fasiculus Š Lateral Vestibulospinal tract

Lesions of the Spinal Lec 01 Š Lesions of the Spinal Cord 0:20:04 69 Cord Š Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions Š Babinski's sign Š Atrophy - LMN leision

Lec 02 Š Lesions is dorsal column disease 0:35:24 121 Š Spinal cord hemisection (Brown-Sequard Syndrome) Š Lesions of Cerebrum Š Spinothalamic Tract in the Brain Stem Š A lesion of the Spinothalamic Tract in the Spinothalamic the spinal Cord Š Ant White Commissure Lesion Š SubaCute combined degeneration Š Unilateral Syringomyelia

Lec 03 Š Friedreich's Ataxia 0:17:07 59 Š Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Š Intervertebral Disk Heniation Š Cauda Equina Syndrome (Spinal Roots) Š Conus Medullaris Syndrome Cord Segments S3 To CO Brain Stem Lec 01 Š Brain Stem 0:46:11 158 Š Cross Section Through the medulla Š Dorsal Surface of the brain stem Š Facial colliculus Š medial lemniscus Š tectum Š Vestibular nuclei Š MLF--medial longitudunal fasciculus - Š Laternal lemniscus Š Nuculeus gracilis Š Spinal or descending necleus and tract of the trigeminal Š Internal arcuate fibers Š Internal Capsule Š Corticobulbar Fibers

Trigeminal system Lec 01 Š Trigeminal system 0:30:14 103 Š Trigeminal Ganglion Š Maxillary nerve,Mandibular nerve Š Sensory (GSA) component Š Motor (SVE) component of CN V Š Dorsal trigminothalamic tract Š Jaw jerk (masseter) reflex

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 01 Š Vestibular System 0:25:24 87 Vestibular System Š The Labyrinth Š Semicircular ducts Š Crista Š Static labyrinth Š Barany Chair Š Nystagmus Š The Vestibular pathways Š Vestibulo-thalamo-cortical pathway Š Vestibular nuclei Š Vestibulo ocular reflex Š Hair cell of the semicircular ducts, saccule, and utricle Š Vestibular ganglion Š Bipolar neurons Š Vestibulo-Occular reflexs Š Vestibular (horizontal) nystagmus

Auditory System Lec 01 Š Anatomy of the Ear 0:35:33 121 Š Cochlea Š Tectorial Š Inner hair cells Š cochlear nerve Š superior olivary nucleus Š nucleus of inferior colliculus Š medial geniculate body Š transverse temporal gyri of Heschi Š Conduction deafness Š Presbycusis Š Weber's Test Š Brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs)

Cranial Nerves Lec 01 Š Cranial Nerves 0:31:42 108 Š Olfactory Nerve Š Olfactory pathway Š Mitral cells Š Lesions of the olfactory pathway Š Foster Kennedy syndrome (FKS) Š Optic Nerve (CNII) Š Oculomotor Nerve (CN II) Š Edinger-Westphal nucleus Š Visual axis Š Sherrington's Law of reciprocal Innervation

Lec 02 Š Hering's Law of simultaneous Innervation 0:26:18 90 Š Primary, Tertiory actions of the SO Š Primary action of the IO Š Secondary action of the IO is elevation Š How do the eyes move together?

Lec 03 Š Oculomotor Nerve 0:38:55 133 Š Somatic motor component of CN III Š Visceral motor component, final innervation Š ciliary ganglion Š Direct pupillary light reflex Š Consensual pupillary light reflex Š Oculomotor paralysis (palsy)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 04 Š Edinger-Westphal nuclei 0:34:07 116 Š Denervation of the extraocular muscles Š Transtentorial (uncal) herniation Š Argyll-Robertson pupil Š Holme-Adie's syndrome Š Relative Afferent pupillar defect

Lec 05 Š Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) 0:39:47 136 Š Vertical diplopia Š Paralysis of the right superior oblique muscle Š The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) Š Jaw jerk (masseter reflex) Š Corneal reflex Š Trigeminal neuralgia Š Abducent Nerve (CN VI) Š CN VI paralysis

Lec 06 Š Abducent nerve paralysis 0:38:16 130 Š Facial Nerve (CN VII) Š Branchial Motor Component Š Origin and Central Course Š Intracranial Course Š Extracranial Course and Final Innervation Š Voluntary Control of the Muscles of Facial expression Š Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) Lesion Š Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) Lesion

Lec 07 Š Parasympathetic component of the facial nerve 0:28:48 99 Š greater petrosal nerve Š Course of the Chorda Tympani Š Taste Š Central gustatory pathway Š Lacrimal pathway Š Submandibular pathway Š Hyperacusis Š Bell's palsy Š Crocodile tears syndrome Š Supranuclear (central) facial palsy Š Mobius syndrome Š Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Š Vestibular nerve,Cochlear nerve Š Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) Lec 08 Š Inferior salivatory nucleus of the medulla 0:42:02 143 Š tympanic and lesser petrosal nerves Š gag (pharyngeal) reflex Š Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Š Vagus Nerve and Branches Š Superior (jugular) ganglion Š Levator Veli Palatini Š Oculocardiac reflex,Carotid sinus reflex Š The Accessory Nerve (CN XI) Š Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Š Spinal division (spinal portion) Š Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 01 Š Medial medullary syndrome 0:36:24 124 Lesions of the Š Lateral medullary syndrome brain stem Š nucleus ambiguus Š spinothalamic tracts (spinal lemniscus) Š Lesionf of the pons Š Medial inferior pontine syndrome Š Lateral inferior pontine syndrome Š Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) Š Facial colliculus syndrome Š Dorsal midbrain (Parinaud's) syndrome Š Benedikt's syndrome Lec 02 Š Weber's syndrome 0:17:37 61 Š Acoustic Neuroma (Schwannoma) Š Jugular Foramen Syndrome Š Locked-In Syndrome Š Central Pontine Myelinolysis Š Top of the Basilar Syndrome Š Subclavian Steal Syndrome Š Cerebellopontine Angle

Cerebellum Lec 01 Š Cerebellum 0:22:27 77 Š Dentatorubrothalamic Tract Begins Cerebellum Š Neurons and fibers of the cerebellum Purkinje cells Š Granule cells Š Parallel fibers Š Mossy fibers Š Climbing fibers Lec 02 Š Major cerebellar pathway 0:30:23 104 Š Paravermal Zone-Interposed Nucleus Š Vermal Zone-Fastigial Nucleus Š Flocculonodular Lobe Š CN VIII--> Š Cerebellar Dysfunction Š Anterior vermis syndrome Š Posterior Vermis syndrome Š Hemispheric syndrome Š Cerebellar tumors Š Astrocytomas Š Medulloblastomas Š Ependymomas THALAMAS Lec 01 Š Thalamus 0:12:10 42 Š Lateral Geniculate Nuclei Š Medial Geniculate Nuclei Š Ventral Posterior Nuclei Š Papez circuit Centromedian nucleus Š pulvinar, Internal Capsule Š ventral posterior Nucleus Š ventral posteromedial (VMP) nucleus Š Metathalamus Š Auditory Divisons of Thalalamus Š reticular nucleus of thalamus

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ANATOMY Lec 01 Š Visual System 0:40:02 137 Visual System Š Ganglion Cells of the retina Š optic chiasm Š Left incongrous homonymous hemianopia Š Optic radiation

Lec 02 Š parietal lobe lesion 0:20:18 70 Š Pupillary light Reflex pathway Š Pupillary Dilation pathway Š Near reflex and Accommodation pathway Š Types of Conjugate Eye Movement Š Superior Colliculus

Lec 03 Š Cortical and Subcortical Centers for Ocular Motility 0:15:00 52 Š Frontal eye field Š Frontal Eye field Š Nucleus of the Optic Tract (NOT) Š MLF Syndrome Š One-and-a half syndrome (OAHS) Š Papilledema (choked disk)

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OPHTHALMOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Microbiology Mock test & Notes Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB) AIIMS Microbiology Lec-02 0:43:28 148 Lec-03 0:45:59 157 Lec-04 0:39:58 136

Microbiology Test499 Lec-01 0:39:47 136 Lec-02 0:37:05 127

Microbiology Notes

Microbiology Notes No. of Pages = 130

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Anterior chamber OPHTHALMO Lec 01 0:42:43 146 Š Fovea centralis LOGY Š Choroid Š Ciliary body&Iris Š Macula lutea Š ganglion cell layer Š inner nuclear layer(INL) Š Muller cells Š Outer limiting membrane Š inner limiting membrane Š macula lutea Š Choroid Š Blood supply of uveal tract Š Long posterior ciliary arteries Š Mydriatics Š Cocaine Š Miotics Š Direct stimulants(Parasympathomimetics) Š Eserine Lec 02 Š Cycloplegics in refraction 0:37:07 127 Š Mydriatic of choice Š Ametropia Š Mypoic Eye Š Hypermetropic Eye Š Aphakia Š Aphakia Š Aphakia with Soemmering's ring formation Š Advantage of IOL Š Anisometropia Š Anisometropia Lec 03 Š Unilateral Cyclopegia 0:40:39 139 Š Pupillary pathways of light reflex Š Pupillary pathway of near reflex Š Psycho-sensory reflex Š Afferent papillary defect Š Wernicke hemianopic pupillary reaction Š Pupil in acute Š Unilateral dilatation Š Small immobile pupils-Morphine Š Bilaterally small pupil Š Horners syndrome Š Argyll Roberston pupil Š Tonic pupil of Adie Š Atonic Pupil

Lec 04 Š Quiz time 0:44:49 153 Š opthalmoscopy Š Indirect Opthalmoscopy Š Indirect Opthalmoscopy(BIO) Š Retinoschisis Š Direct Opthalmoscopy Š Keratometer Š Applanation Tonometry(Goldman) Š Gonioscopy,Flourescin Angiography

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OPHTHALMO Lec 05 Š Keratomalacia 0:41:57 143 LOGY Š Purulent keratitis Š Opthalmia Neonatarum Š Gonoorrhea Š Angular Conjuncivitis Š Follicular Conjuctivities Š Follicles Vs:Papillae Š Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Š Trachoma Š Spring Catarrah(Vernal conjunctivitis) Š Corneal Ulcer Š Hypopyon ulcer

Lec 06 Š Homocystinuria 0:32:50 112 Š Pseudoexfoliation syndrome Š HSV Keratitis Š HSV disciform keratitis Š HSV dendritic keratitis Š Interstitial Keratitis Š Photophthalmia Š Keratoconus

Lec 07 Š Fleischersring 0:30:34 104 Š Keratoglobus Š Fuchs endothelial dystrophy q Š Corneal Pigmentation Š Rubeosis Iridis Š Uveitis With Anterior Chamber Š Iris Bomb'e Š Band Keratopathy Š Treatment of Uveitis

Lec 08 Š Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 0:39:52 136 Š Toxoplasmiosis Š Atypical ARN Š CMV Retinitis Š papilloedema Š Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome Š Developmental cataract Š Causes of cataract Š Myotonic Dystrophy Š Zonular Cataract Lec 09 Š Subcapsular Cataract 0:25:49 89 Š Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Š Anterior Subcapsular Š Nuclear Cataract Š Cortical Cataract Š Lamellar Cataract Š Sutural Cataract Š Senile Cataract Š Senile nuclear cataract Š Morgangian Cataract

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OPHTHALMO Lec 10 Š Complicated cataracts 0:23:01 79 LOGY Š Diabetic Cataract Š Cataract with radiant energy Š After cataract Š Elsching's pearls Š Vitreous haemorrhage

Lec11 Š Vitrectomy for Retinal Tear 0:22:06 76 Š Eales disease Š Sickle cell retinopathy Š Retinal detachment wityh vitreious contraction Š closed angle glaucoma Š Open Angle glaucoma Š Absolute Glaucoma Š Diagnosis of closed angle glaucoma Š Indirect gonioscopy Š Direct Gonioscopy

Lec 12 Š Dark room test 0:37:51 129 Š Peripheral iridectomy Š Simple Glaucoma Š Humphrey Field Analyzer Lec 13 Š "Seidel's" scotoma 0:35:17 120 Š arcuate fashion Š "Bjerrum" scotoma Š Monocular Vs Binocular defects Š Baring of blind spot Š Etiology of simple glaucoma Š Central serous retinopathy Š Central retinal artery occlusion Š Central retinal vein thrombosis Š Risk factors for retinal venous occlusive disease include Š Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm(RAM)

Lec 14 Š Cystoid Macular Edema(CME) 0:24:31 84 Š photodynamic therapy(PDT) Š Epiretinal Membrance Š Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)- Š Retina detachment Š Exudative Causes Š Diagnosis by indirect opthalmoscope Š Lattic retinal degeneration Š Retinal holes Š Macular Hole Š Treatment of RD Lec 15 Š Papilledema 0:43:50 150 Š Normal Disc Š Cilioretinal artery Š (Papilledema) Š Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Š Pseudoneuritis, Drusen Š Benign intracranial HTN Š Drusen of optic disc Š Giant cell arteritis,Papiliitis Š Causes of unilateral optic disc edema

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OPHTHALMO Lec 16 Š Retrobulbar Neuritis 0:36:03 123 LOGY Š Optic atrophy Š Lebers optic atrophy Š Toxic Amblyopias Š Quinine Amblyopia Š Ethambutol amblyopia Š Chloroquine amblyopia Š Thiamine deficiency amblyopia Š Primary atrophy Š Amaurosis Fugax

Lec 17 Š Retinoblastoma 0:39:57 136 Š Pseudoglioma Š Retinoblastoma Š Malignant melanoma of choroids Š Iridodialysis Š Vossius'ring Š Angle Recession Š Traumatic cataract Š Lens subluxation Š Lens dislocation

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GYNECOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Gynecology Mock test & Notes Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Gynecology Lec-01 0:41:41 142 Lec-02 0:17:25 60 Lec-03 0:06:12 21.8 Lec-04 0:40:00 136 Lec-05 0:39:28 135 Lec-06 0:38:03 130 Lec-07 0:39:40 135 Lec-08 0:32:08 110 Lec-09 0:40:47 139 Lec-10 0:39:45 136 Lec-11 0:37:30 128 Lec-12 0:27:00 92.3 Gynecology Test 524 Lec-01 0:41:06 140 Lec-02 0:40:26 138 Lec-03 0:33:32 114

Gynecology Notes

Gynecology Notes No. of Pages = 37

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size GYNECOLOGY Lec 01 Š Apocrine glands-Hidradenoma of the vulva 0:40:52 139 Š Bartholin's gland Š Labia minora Š Relations of the vagina Š Mackenrodt's ligament Š Uterosacral ligaments Š Uterus Š Endometrium Š Paarametrium Š Uterosacra ligaments Š Mackenrodt's ligaments Š Pubo-cervical fascia Š Ovarian arteries Š Uterine artery

Lec 02 Š branches of the uterine artery are 0:41:03 140 Š Lymphatic System Š Round ligaments Š Fallopian tubes Š Ovaries Š Urethra Š Ureter Š Pelvic diaphragam Š Position of the uterus Š Pouch of Douglas Š Primitive urinary Š Normal Hstology Š Graafian follicle Š Corpus luteum Š Corpus albicans Lec 03 Š Secretory phase 0:41:40 142 Š Ectopic decidual reaction Š Ovarian function Š Oestrogen Š Inhibin Š Andromatistenedione Š Arias Stella reaction Š Cervical mucus Š Preovulatory phase Š Human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) Š Prolactin Š Oestrogen Š Actions of oestrogen

Lec 04 Š Progesterone 0:40:27 138 Š Actions of progestogens Š Follicle sttimulating hormone(FSH) Š Luteinzing hormone(LH) Š Human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) Š Prolactin Š Precocious puberty,Menopause Š Metrorrhagia, Dysmenorrhoea Š Postmenopausal Bleeding Š Menorrhagia,Polymenorrhoea Š Metropathia haemorrhagica

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size GYNECOLOGY Lec 05 Š Dyspareunia 0:40:39 139 Š Trichomonas infection Š Vaginal moniliasis Š Chlamydia trachomatis Š Hormonal cytology Š Dilatation and curettage Š Malformation of the FemaleGenerative organs Š Haematocolpos Š Mullerian duct anomalies Š Uterus didelphys Š Uterus bicornis bicollis,Uterus bicornis unicollis Š Uterus septus Š Hermaphroditism and pseudohermaphroditism Š SEX AND INTERSEXUALITY Š Turner's Syndrome Š Superfemale(triple x chromosome) Š Kilnefelter's syndrome Š Congenital or intrauterine adreno-genital syndrome Š Virilising tumor and conditions, Hirsutism

Lec 06 Š Condylomata acuminate 0:40:23 138 Š Bartholin's Cyst Š Trichomoniasis Š Candidiasis(moniliasis) Š Chlamydia trachomatis Š Gardnerella vaginalis Š Tumours of the vagina Š Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Chancroid Š Lymphogranuloma venerum Š Granuloma inguinale Š Genital herpes hominis type II Š Injuries of the Female genital tract Š Vesicovaginal Š Rectovaginal fistula Š Perineal lacerations Š First-degree lacerations Š Second-degree lacerations Š third-degree tears,Rectovaginal fistula Š Lacerations of the cervix Lec 07 Š DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM 0:40:47 139 Š Retention of urine Š Space-occupying lesions in the pelvis Š Retention of urine due to a retroverted graviduterus, painful Micturition Š Increased frequency of micturition Š True incontinence of urine Š False or partial incontinence, Urge incontinunce Š Stress incontinence,Bonney's test Š Micturition cysto-urethrography Š Surgical Anatomy Š Lissosphincter, Rhabdosphincter Š Kelly Sutures,CYSTITIS Š Marshall,marchetti,Krantz operation Š pyelonephritis(pyelitis), Vesicovaginal fistula

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size GYNECOLOGY Lec 08 Š Ureterovaginal fistula 0:40:32 138 Š Symptoms of urinal fistula Š Surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistulate Š Ureteric fistula Š Ureteric obstruction Š Carcinoma of the cervix Š Pregnancy Š Vesico-uterline fistula Š Tuberculosis of the Genital Tract Š Tuberculous exosalpingitis

Lec 09 Š Pathology of conception 0:40:08 137 Š Infertility and sterility Š Faults in the male Š Semen analysis Š Post-coital test(Sims'or Huhner's test Š Miller-Kurzrok test Š Testicular biopsy Š Faults of the Female Š Salpingitis Š Insufflation Š Hysterosalpingography Š Laparoscopic chromotubation Š Tests for ovulation Š Fern testt Š Trophoblastic disease Š Hydatidiform Mole Š Partial mole

Lec 10 Š Invasive mole 0:40:00 136 Š Complete mole Š Persistent trophoblastic tumour Š Choriocarcinoma Š Fibromyomas Of The Uterus Š Hyaline degeneration Š Red degeneration Š Sarcomatous changhes

Lec 11 Š Treatment of myomas 0:41:06 140 Š Carcinoma of the cervix Š Pathology of carcinoma of cervix Š Mode of spread

Lec 12 Š FIGO Š Extended hysterectomy 0:40:58 140 Š Radiotherapy Š Chemotherapy Š OVARIAN TUMOURS Š Epidemiology

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size GYNECOLOGY Lec 13 Š Common epithelial tumours 0:21:56 104 Š Sex-cord(gonadal stromal)tumours Š Germ cell tumours Š Gonadoblastoma Š Serous cystadenoma & cystadenocarcinoma Š Mucinous tumours Š Endometrioid tumour Š Clear cell carcinoma Š Brenner tumour Š Germ cell tumours Š teratoma Š Dermoid cysts Š Struma ovarii Š Carcinoid tumours

13 Part 2 Š Endodermal sinus(Yolk sac)tumour 0:18:05 50 Š Choriocarcinoma Š Embryonal cell carcinoma Š Dysgerminoma Š Granulosa cell tumour Š Theca cell tumour Š Arrhenoblastoma Š Hilus cell tumour Š Ovarian fibroma Š Metastatic carrcinomas

Lec 14 Š Krukenberg tumour 0:41:06 140 Š Lymphatic spread Š Complications of ovarian tumours Š Axial rotation Š Repture Š Pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum Š Infection Š Age incidence of ovarian tumours Š Malignant ovarian Tumours Š Post-menopausal bleeding with ovarian tumours Š Staging of carcinoma of the ovary(FIGO) Š Treatment of malignant ovarian tumours

Lec 15 Š CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM 0:41:00 140 Š Aetiology Š FIGO staging Š Investtigations Š Management and prognosis Lec 16 0:33:13 113

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OBSTETRICS

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OBSTETRICS Lec 01 Š Oogenesis 0:40:48 139 Š Spermatogenesis, Capacitation,Ovulation Š Fertilization, Morula, Implantation Š Trophoblast, DECIDUA, Decidual reaction Š Decidua basalis Š chorion, Chorion and Chorionic Villi Š The Placenta,Human placenta Š Intervillous space, Stem villi Š Placentral Circulation, Placental Ageing Š Placental Function Š Foetal Membranes, Amnion Š Structure of AMNION Š Amniotic Fluid, Umbilical Cord Š Wharton's Jelly Š Haase's rule

Lec 02 Š Changes of the Foetal circulation at the Birth 0:40:39 140 Š Closure of the umbilical arteries Š Vagina Š Contractions (Braxton-hicks) Š Breasts Š Plasma volume 02 Part 2 Š supine hypotension syndrome(postural hypotension Š Respiratory system Š Renal Plasma flow: Š Glomerular filtration rate: Š HCG Š Human placental lactogen(hpl) Š Oestriol Š Progesterone Š Relaxin Š Lec 03 Š Jacquemier's or Chadwick's sign 0:41:42 142 Š Vaginal sign Š Cervical signs Š Hegar's sign Š Sonography Š Second Trimester Š Quickening(feeling of life) Š Chloasma Š Height of the uterus Š Uterine souffle Š Funic or foetal souffle Š Internal ballottement Š Lightening Š Fundal height Š Estimation of Foetal Weight Š LIE Š Presentation Š Attitude Š Denominator Š Position Š Obstetric grips Š Attitude,First pelvic grip

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OBSTETRICS Lec 04 Š Foetal Skull 0:38:21 131 Š Anterior fontanelle Š Posterior fontanelle Š Suboccipito bregmatic Š Sub-occiptio-frontal Š Occipito-frontal Š Mento-vertical Š Sub mento-vertical Š Sub mento-bregmatic Š Biparietal diameter Š Moulding Š Caput Succedaneum Š Inclination Š Axis Š Obstetric conjugate Š Diagonal conjugate Š Transverse diameter Š Outlet Š Pelvic Axis

Lec 05 Š Amniocentesis 0:21:28 74 Š Cordocentesi Š Oestriol estimation Š Foetal movement count Š Reactive Š Non-reactive Š Profile is made up of 5 components Š pulmonary maturity Š Assessment of severity of Rh-isoimmunisation Š Oxytocin challenge test OCT

Lec 06 Š Normal Labour 0:38:07 130 Š Naegele's formula, False Pain Š True Labour Pains, Stages of labour Š First,second, Third, Fourth stage Š Labour pains, Retraction Š Events In First Stage Of Labour Š Dilatation of the cervix Š Effacement or taking up of cervix Š Lower uterine segment Š Events in third stage labour Š Placental separation Š Mechanism of labour Š Principal movements Š Engagement, Descent, Flexion Š Internal rotation, Crowing, Extension Š Resttitution,External rotattion Š Explain of the trunk Š Clinical course of First Stage of Labour Š Dilatation & taking up of the Cervix, Partogram Š Clinical course of second Stage of Labour Š Bearing Down efforts Š Management of the second stage Š Prevention of perineal laceration

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size OBSTETRICS Lec 07 Š Spontaneous abortion 0:39:44 136 Š Common known causes of abortion Š Threatened abortion Š Inevitable abortion Š Complete abortion Š Incomplete abortion Š Missed abortion Š Carneous mole Š Septic abortion Š Recurrent abortion Š Cervical incompetence Š Defective mullerian fustian Š Induction of abortion Š Medical termination of pregnancy act Š Methods of termination Š First trimester(up to 12 weeks) Š Second trimester(13-20 weeks) Š Suction evacuation and/or curettage Š Dilatation and evacuation Š Mid trimester termination(between 13-15 weeks) Š Intra-uterine instillation of hypertonic solution Š Prostaglandins Š Complications of mtp Š Tubal pregnancy Š Tubal mole Š Tubal abortion Š Tubalrupture

Lec 08 Š Arias-stella reaction 0:39:35 136 Š Acute ectopic Š Chronic or old ectopic Š Diagnosis of ectopic Š Interstitial pregnancy Š Management of ectopic Š Abdominal pregnancy Š Š Spiegelberg's criteria Š Angular pregnancy Š Cornual pregnancy

08 Part 2 Š Twins, Varieties Š Determination of zygosity Š Hellin's rules Š Polyhydramnios, Oligohydramnios

Lec 09 Š Abnormalities of placenta and cord 0:39:19 134 Š Placenta succenturiata Š Battledoreplacenta Š Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy pre-eclampsia Š Eclampsia Š Magnesium suophate regime prichard Š Gestational hypertension Š Antepatrumhaemorrhage,Placenta praevia Š Distinguishing features of placenta praevia and abruptio placentae

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Serve degree of placenta praevia Type II post Type III and OBSTETRICS Lec 10 Type IV 0:40:37 139 Š Abruptio placentae Š Couvelaire uterus(utero-placental apoplexy)

Lec 11 Š Physiological anaemia 0:28:12 97 Š Iron deficiency anaemia Š Megaloblastic anaemia

Lec 12 Š Heart disease in pregnancy 0:41:11 141 Š Effects of heart lesions on pregnancy Š Pulmonary tuberculosis with pregnancy Š Glycosuria Š Indications of glucose tolerance test 100 gm glucose Š Gestational diabetes Lec 13 Š Thyroid dysfunction with pregnancy 0:41:28 141 Š Jaundice in pregnancy Š Intra hepatic cholestasis Š Viral hepatitis Š Adis in pregnancy Š Leprosy Š T oxoplasmos is Š Malaria Š Pyelonephritis in pregnancy Š Asymptomatic bacteriuria Š Systemic lupus erythematosus(sle) Š Epilepsy in pregnancy Š Rubella Š Cytomegalovirus infection Š Preterm labour Š Arrest premature labour Š Premature rupture of the membranes

Lec 14 Š Postmaturity 0:40:45 139 Š Intrauterine foetal death(iud) Š Carcinoma cerrvix with pregnancy Š Fibroid with pregnancy Š Ovarian tumour in pregnancy Š Retroverted gravid uterus

Lec 15 Š Genital prolapse in pregnancy 0:40:11 137 Š Pregnancy in rh-negative woman Š Isoimmunisation Š Manifestations of the haemolytic disease Š Prevention of rh-immunisation Š Intrauterine foetal transfusion Š Exchange transfustion in the newborn Š Contracted pelvis Š Classification of contracted pelvis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Mechanism of labour in contracted pevis with vertex OBSTETRICS Lec 16 presentational 0:40:54 140 Š Radiopelvimetry Š Disproportion Š Diagnosis of chephalopelvic disproportion(cpd) at the brim Š Effects of contracted pelvis on pregnancy and labour Š Management of contracted pelvis (inlet contraction) Š Abnormal uterine action Š Constrictin ring

Lec 17 Š Generalised tonic contraction 0:40:22 138 Š Syn:uterine tetany Š Precipitate labour Š Bandl"s ring Š Occipito-posterior position

Lec- 18 Š Moulding 0:40:14 137 Š Arrested occipito-posterior position Š Occipita-sacral arrest Š Breech presentation Š External cephalic version ecv

Lec 19 Š Management of vaginal breech delivery 0:39:50 136 Š Management of complicated breech delivery extended arms- lovet's manoeuvre Š Arrest of the after-coming head Š Face presentation Š Brow presentation Š Transverse lie Š Neglected shoulder

Lec 20 Š Compound presentation 0:40:43 139 Š Cord prolapse Š Prolonged labour Š Obstructed labour Š Hydrocephalus Š Anencephaly

Lec 21 Š Postpartumhaemorrhage 0:13:47 48 Š Secondary postpartumhaemorrhage Š Retainted placenta

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SPM

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

SPM Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS SPM Lec-01 0:50:21 171 Lec-02 0:30:32 104 Lec-03 0:29:34 101 Lec-04 0:40:23 138 Lec-05 0:40:00 136 Lec-06 0:38:42 132 Lec-07 0:38:46 132

SPM Test Lec-01 0:42:45 146 Lec-02 0:41:38 142

SPM Notes

SPM Notes No. of Pages = 49

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 01 Š Concept of well-being 0:41:46 143 Š Standard of living Š Standard of living primarily depends of GNP Š Quality of life Š PQLI Š Human development index-Kil Š Calculating the life expectancy index Š Calculating the education index Š Calculating the HDI Š Basic Indicators Š Human poverty index Š Lessons from Kerala Š National Socio-Demographic Goals for 2010 Š IMR Š Child mortality ratio Š Years of life lost due to premature mortality(YLL) Š Modifiable risk factors Š Unmodifiable risk factors

Lec 02 Š Disease Control 0:05:05 17.7 Š Disease elimination Š Monitoring Š Surveillance Š Monitoring Vs.Surveillance Š Levels of prevention Š Primordial Š Primary prevention Š Secondary prevention Š Tertiary prevention Š Modes of prevention Š Health prevention Š Specific protection Š Early diagnosis and treatment Š Disability limitation Š Rehabilitation Š Basic measurements of epidemiology Š Rate Š Ratio Š Proportion Š Person time Š International death certificate Š Uses of mortality data Š Crude death rate Š Case fatality ratio Š Proportional Mortality ratio Š Survival rate Š Standardization Š Direct standardization Š Secondary attack rate

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 03 Š Uses of icidence 0:41:44 142 Š Prevalence Š Limitations of prevalence rate Š Time distribution of epidemics Š Short term Fluctuation Š Points Source Epidemics Š Common source-continuous exposure Š Propagated epidemics Š periodic functions Š Long term fluctuation or secular trend Š Longitudinal and cross sectional studies Š Case control study Š Relative risk

Lec 04 Š Advantages of case control study 0:50:10 147.4 Š Disadvantages Š Cohort study Š prospective cohort study Š Retrospective cohort study Š Relative risk Š Attributable risk("Risk difference") Š Relative risk Vs. Attributable risk. Š Advantage of cohort study Š Blinding Š Concurrent Vs.Cross over study design Š Association and Causation Š Spurious association Š Indirect association Š Direct (casual) association

Part2 Š incubation period Š Serial interval Š Generation time Š Secondary time Š Secondary attack rate Š Active immunity Š passive immunity

Lec05 Š Herd immunity 0:40:00 136 Š Live vaccines, Killed vaccines Š Freeze dried vaccines Š Human Ig, Cold Chain, Isolation Š Hazards of immunization,Quarantine Š Chemoprophylaxis, Malaria prophylaxis Š Methods of disinfection Š Hot air oven, Boiling, Autoclaving Š Gamma radiation, phenol, Crude phenol Š Crude phenol, Cresol, Savlon Š Bleaching powder Š Betadine(Povidone iodine) Š Alcohols(Ethyl and isopropyl alcohol) Š Formaldehyde gas, Ethylen e oxide Š Screening vs.Diagnostic test Š Lead-Time, Diagnostic test,Sensitivity Š False positives vs.false negatives

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 06 Š Chicken pox 0:38:29 131 Š Measles Š Measles vaccine Š Rubella Š Mumps Š Epidemic behaviour of influenza Š Diphtheria Š Shick test Š DPT Vaccine Š Pertusis

Lec 07 Š Tuberculosis 0:37:00 126 Š Tuberculin Test Š Bactericidal drugs Š Bacteriostatic drugs Š DOTS(directly observed therapy-short term) Š BCG Š Drug Resistance Š Raised NTP Š HIV AND TB

Lec 08 Š poliomyelitis 0:39:41 135 Š Lameness survey Š Salk vaccine Š Quardruple vaccine Š Risk of OPV associated neuroparalysis Š Viral Hepatitis Š HAV & HBV Š HBsAg Š HBeAg Š Core antibody®antibody®surface antibody Š Hepatitis B vaccine Š Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Š HCV Š HEV Š Cholera Š 7th pandemic Š Fate of V.Cholerae in inter epidemic periods Š EI Tor vs.Classical type Š EI Tor vs.classical clinically Š ORS

Lec 09 Š I.V.rehydration 0:38:04 130 Š TAB vaccine Š Typhoral vaccine Š Salmonella food poisoning Š Staphylococcal food poisoning Š Botulism Š CI.Perfringens Š B.Cereus food poisoning Š Dengue fever Š Classical dengue Š Dengue hemorrhagic fever Š Rural malaria, Relapses Š Extrinsic incubation period

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 10 Š Spleen rate 0:39:15 134 Š Infant parasite rate Š Indicies in Eradication Era Š Annual Parasite index(ADI) Š Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) Š Human blood index Š Inoculation rate Š Control programs Š NMCP Š NMEP Š Eradication goal Š Causes of failure Š Modified action plan Š API>2 Š API<2 Š Presumptive Treatment Š NMCP vs.NMEP Š Filariasis Š Microfilaria rate Š Microfilarial density Š Average infestation rate Š Chemotherapy Š Rabies

Lec 11 Š Vaccination 0:39:25 134 Š Class 1 Š Class 2 Š Class III Š Antirabies serum Š Neuroparalysis with vaccine Š Vaccine Schedule Š Yellow fever Š KFD Š Chikungunya Š Plague Š Rickettsiae Š Scrub typhus Š Murine typhus Š Indian tick typhus Š Q fever Š Tetanus Š TT in pregnancy Š Leprosy Š Case definition Š MDT Š SAPEL Š LECs(Leprosy elimination campaigns)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 12 Š Indian classification 0:39:14 134 Š Bacterial index Š Foot pad culture Š Histamine test Š Lepromin test Š Late Mitsuda reaction Š LTT & LMIT(lymphocyte transformation test) Š Tests for humoral response Š Case finding methods Š Group survery, School survery Š MDT Š Paucibacillary, Multibacillary Š Rifampicin Š Dapsone Š Who recommendation Š Reversal Relapse Š AIDS in India

Lec 13 Š WHO case definition 0:39:13 134 Š Expanded>WHO case definition Š Primary prophylaxis Š CAD Š MONICA Š Hypertension, Cancer, Blindness Š Demographic Cycle Š First state(high stationary) Š Third stage(late expanding) Š Fourth stage(low stationary) Š Fifh stage(declining) Š Growth rate, Age pyramid Š Life expectancy-1998

Lec 14 Š High fertility in India 0:39:35 135 Š Birth rate Š General fertility rate(GFR) Š Age specific of fertility rate Š Total fertility rate Š Gross reproduction rate Š Eligible couple Š Target couple Š Couple protection rate,Condom, Diaphragm Š Vaginal Sponge-TODAY:barrier contraceptive Š Lippes Loop Š II gen.Cu containing devices Š Advantages of copper devices Š III Gen.IUCD-Progastaser Š Levenorgestrel IUD,Contraindications of IUD Š Ideal IUD candidate,Complications, PID Š Hormonal Contraceptives Š Combined pill contain,Mala-N, Mala-D Š Progesterone-only-pill(POPs) Š Post-coital contraception Š Once a month pill, gossypol-Male pill Š OCP vs. antibiotics, Adverse effects of OCPC

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 15 Š Injectable contraceptives 0:39:28 135 Š DMPA(Depot-Medroxy progesterone acette) Š Subdermal implants Š Cervical mucus method(Billing method) Š National family welfare programme Š Growth Chart Š Indian growth chart Š Child survival safe motherhood programme-1992 Š Still births Š perinatal mortality Š why PMR Š Post-neonatal mortality Š IMR indicates Š Child survival index

Lec 16 Š Proximate principles 0:39:10 134 Š Essential Amino acids Š Semiessential amino acids Š Essential in prematurebabies Š Pulses Š Protein requirement Š EFA Š Phrenoderma Š WHO direction to prevent CAD Š Vitamin A Š Bitots spots Š Hyper vitaminosis Š Vitamin D Š Vitamin E Š Vitamin K Š Thiamine Š Riboflavin Š Niacin Š Pyridoxine-Vitamin B6 Š pantothenic acid Š Folate Š Vitamin B12 Š Vitamin C Š Calcium Š phosphorus Š Iron Š Evaluation of iron status Š Iodine Š Flourine Š Zinc Š Chromium Š Š Nuts

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SPM Lec 17 Š Fruits 0:39:12 134 Š Milk Š Egg Š Fish Š Meat Š Oils Š Jaggery Š Alcohol Š RDA Š Amino Acid Score Š NPU, FAT Š Xerophthalmia Š Endemic fluorosis Š Š Aflatoxins Š Š Epidemic dropsy Š Endemic Ascites Š Fusarium Š Mid-day-Meal programme Š Antropology Š Kuppuswamy classification Š Social security actgs Š Chlorination Š Break point chlorination Š Contact period

Lec 18 Š Methods of chlorination 0:28:54 99.1 Š Chloramine(Chlorine+Ammonia) Š Supper chlorination Š Orthtolulidine test Š Orthotoluidine arsenile test Š Purification of water Š Sand bed Š Fileter control Š Rapid sand filter Š Filter bed Š Water quality Š Turbidity Š Hardness Š Softness Š Colfiorms Š Clostridium perfringens Š Nitrate Š Temporary hardness Š Permanet hardness Š Pollution Š Cooling power Š Effective temperature Š Corrected effective temperature Š MC Ardles maximum allowable sweat rate Š Ventilation Š Lighting Š Day light factor, Noise

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PEDIATRICS

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Pediatrics Mock Test Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Pediatrics Lec-01 0:48:05 164 Lec-02 0:57:54 198 Lec-03 0:20:48 71.5 Lec-04 0:32:44 112 Lec-05 0:40:06 137

Pediatrics Test Lec-01 0:41:36 142 Lec-02 0:40:17 138 Lec-03 0:44:21 151

Pediatrics Notes

Pediatrics Notes No. of Pages = 42

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PEDIATRICS Lec 01 Š Hyoithyroidism 0:39:49 136 Š Somatomedin deficiency Š Weight gain Š Birth weight Š Height Š Head circumference Š Chest circumference Š Stem stature index Š Eruption of teeth Š Primary teeth, Permanent teeth Š Ossification centres used to esttimate bone age Š Which bones to evaluate for skeletal age Š Devlopmental Delay is considered if child cannot Š Motor development Š Fine motor development Š Language development Š Psycho social devlopment Š Cognitive development Š Order of growth in females Š Proportionate short stature Š Disproportionate short stature with short limbs Š Growth hormone deficiency Š Hypothyroid cretin Š Bone age< chronologic age Š Bone age> Height age Š Breath Holding Spells Š Enuresis Š Tics Š Attention deficit disorder Š Zinc Š Breast Feeding-advantages Š PEM Š weight for age classification Š IAP classification Š Height for age clasification(Waterlow's) Š Marasmus Š Three cardinal features of kwashiorkar Š Kwashiorkar Š Immunologic defects in kwashiorkar Š Therapeutic diet Š Cuases of sudden death in PEM Š Thiamine Š Riboflavin Š Niacin Š Pyridoxine, Scurvy Š Costochondral junctions Š Vitamin A Š Deficiency of vit.A causes Š A Š Treatment of vit.A deficiency Š Vitamin D Š Clinical manifestations vit D deficiency Š Hypervitaminosis D

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PEDIATRICS Lec 02 Š Refractory Rickets 0:33:21 114 Š Hereditary Spherocytosis Š Hereditary acanthocytosis Š Beta Thalassemia

Lec 03 Š ITP 0:39:35 135 Š NEW BORN Š Moro's reflex Š Crossed extension Š Tonic neck reflex Š Babinski's sign and Chvostek's Š monogolian spots Š Stork bites Š Peeling of skin Š Epstein pearl Š Physiological jaundice Š Cephal haematoma Š Caput succedaneum Š Prenatal prediction of iugr Š Amniotic fluid c-peptides Š Iugr infants Š Cardiopulmonary rescucitattion Š system Š Physiological jaundice of the newborn Š Causes of jaundice in the newborn Š Erythroblastosis foettalis Š Kernicterus

Lec 04 Š Phototherapy 0:12:56 45 Š Side effects of phototherapy Š Indicates for exchange transfusion in a term infant Š Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal period Š Crigler-najjary syndrome Š Type i, type ii Š Galactosemia Š Congenital rubella infection Š Cytomegalic inclusion virus disease Š Neonatal hsv Š Toxoplasmosis Š Congenital syphilis Š Late manifestations of congenital syphilis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PEDIATRICS Lec 05 Š Septicema in the neonatal period 0:39:44 136 Š Neonatal ncrotising enterocolitis Š Tetanus neonatorum Š Infant botulism Š Hyaline membrance disease(hmd) or respiratory distress Š Indications of cpap Š Potential complications of cpap Š Indications of mechanical ventilation Š Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-bpd(chronic lung disease following neonatal lung injury) Š Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy Š Neonatal seizures Š Neonatal hypoglycaemia Š Hypocalcemia Š Tracheoesophageal fistual Š Oesophageal atresia Š Infant of diabetic mother(idm) Š Drugs associated with congeital anomalies Š Infectious disease Š Measles rash Š Chicken pox Š Exanthem subitum(roseola infantum) Š Erethema infectiosum(fifth disease) Š Spectrum of disease with parvovirus b-19 Š Typhoid fever(enteric fever)

Lec 06 Š Widal agglutination test 0:29:02 102.4 Š Anamnestic(does not forget)reaction Š Treatment Mononucleosis Š Complications of Mumps Š Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Š Childhood Tuberculosis Š Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis Š Extrathoracic Tuberculosis Š Chemprophylaxis 06 part2 Š DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN Š Oral Rehydration Salt(ORS) solution Š Severe Dehydration Š Indian Childhood Cirrhosis Š Genetic causes of Large Liver of Childhood Š Portal Hypertensison Š CONGESTIVE CARADIAC FAILURE

Lec 07 Š R to L shunts 0:42:36 145 Š Right to left shunt at the atrial level Š Coarctation of the aorta Š Transpositions,Myocarditis,Anaemia and CCF Š Paroxysmal Supraventicular Tachycardia Š CCF without cardiac enlargement Š Rheumatic Fever,Signs of CCF in Infants Š Symptoms of CF,Digoxin(Lanoxin) Š Acute Rheumatic Fever Š Carditis, Pericarditis, Myocarditis,Arthritis Š Carey coomb's murmur Š Endocarditis, Subcutaneous nodules

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PEDIATRICS Lec 08 Š Mitral Regurgitation 0:20:09 69.3 Š Acute Mitral Regurgitation Š Long Standing Mitral Regurgitation

Lec 09 Š Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis 0:39:36 135 Š Jugular Venous Pulse Š Severity of Mitral Stenosis Š Infection Endocarditis Š Abnormalities of the aortic component(A2) of the second sound

Š Abnormalities of the pulmonic component(P2) of the second Lec 10 sound 0:40:11 137 Š Abnormalities in splitting of the second sound(S2) Š Normal S2 Š Wide splitting of the second sound Š Wide variable splitting Š Widely split and fixed,second sound Š Wide and variable splitting of the S2 Š Classification of Congenital Heart Disease Š Left to right shunt Š Right to left Shunt Š Atrial septal Deffect Š Ventricular Septal Defect

Lec 11 Š Patent Ductus Arteriosus 0:39:24 134 Š Differentitation between PDA and VSD Š Differential diagnosis of a continuous murmur Š Tetralogy of Fallot Š Tricuspid Atresia Š Transposition of great vessels

Lec 12 Š Total anomalous pulmonary venous conection 0:40:00 127.4 Š Supracardiac tapvc Š Tapvc of the infracardiac type Š Coarctation of the arorta Š Hypertension in children Š Respiratory disorederes in pediatrics Š Stridor Š Epiglotitis Š Infectious croup Š Pneumococcal pneumonia Š Staphylococcal pneumonia Š Haemophilus influenzae Š Streptococcal pneumonia Š Primary atypical pneumonia 12 Part2 Š Pneumonia due to gram negative organism Š Bonchiolitis Š Long-term management of asthma in children Š Acute severe asthma in children(status asthmaticus) Š Cnc disorders in pediatrics Š Electroencephalogram(eeg) Š Electromyography, Ct scan

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Positron Emission Tomography(PET) and Single Photon Lec 13 Š 0:40:40 139 PEDIATRICS Emission Tomography(SPECT) Š Acute Bacterial Meningitis Š Meningitis in Neonates and Young Infants Š Meninogococal Meningitis Š Pneumococcal Meningitis Š Haemophilus influenzae meningitis Š Pyogenic meningitis-differential Dianosis Š Aseptic meningitis Š Tuberculosis meningitis Š Cyptococcus meningitis Š Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Š Tuberculous meningitis Š Reye's Syndrome Š Gullian-Barre Syndrome Š BRAIN TUMOURS Š Common supartentorial tumours Š Papilloededma Š Localising Signs of Brain Tumours Š Supratentorial Tumours Š Craniopharyngioma Š Neurocysticercosis and Tuberculomas Š Pseudo Tumour cerebri(Benign Intracranial Hypertension)

Lec 14 Š Hydrocephalus 0:39:49 136 Š Congenital Hydrocephalus Š Dandy Walker syndrome Š Arnold Chiari syndrome Š Acquired hydrocephalus Š Convulsions in Childhood Š Febrile Convulsions Š Atypical Complex Febrile Seizures Š Epilepsy-syndromes Š Tonic Clonic Seizures(Grand Mal Type) Š Absence Attacks Š Partial Seizures Š Psychomotor Seizures Š Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes Š Neontal Seizures Š Myoclonic epilepsy Š West syndrome(Infantile spasms) Š Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Š Absence Seizures Š Status Epilepticus

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size PEDIATRICS Lec 15 Š Cerebral palsy(CP) 0:40:30 138 Š Hypotonic (Atonic)Cerebral Palsy Š Extrapyramidial involvement Š Infantile gaucher disease type ii Š Tay sach disease(gm2 gangliosidosis) Š Sandhoff disease Š Autism Š Paediatric nephrology Š Methods of investigation in renal disease Š Excretory pyelogram(ivp) Š Micturating cytourethrogram Š Radionuclide imaging Š Haematuria Š Iga nephropathy Š Proteinuria Š Microscopic haematuria Š Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Š Important causes of asymptomatic proteinuria Š Acute glomedrulonephritis poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis Š Crescentic (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) Š Nephritis in henoch schonlein purpura Š Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus Š Haemolytic uremic syndrome Š Nephrotic syndrome Š Minimal lesion(change)nephrotic syndrome(mcns) Š Characgteristic feature of two groups of nephrotic syndromes Š Complications in Nephrotic Syndrome

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ORTHOPAEDICS

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Ophthalmology Tests Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Ophthalmology Lec-01 0:59:14 202 Lec-02 0:38:28 131 Lec-03 0:50:12 171 Lec-04 0:42:13 144 Lec-05 0:42:13 145

Ophthalmology Test Lec-01 0:39:35 135 Lec-02 0:40:14 137

Ophthalmology Test 583 Lec-01 0:38:03 303 Lec-02 0:37:15 299 Lec-03 0:28:30 155

Ophthalmology Notes

Ophthalmology Notes No. of Pages = 49

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ORTHOPAEDIC Lec 01 Š Primary center of ossification 0:39:55 144 Š Secondary ossification center Š Callus Š Factors affecting#healing Š Reduction of fractures Š Plaster of Paris Š Functional bracing Š Splints and trction Š Internal fixation Š Kuntscher's nail Š Smith-Peterson nail Š Compression plate Š Sp nail-plate Š Steel wire Š K wire Š Disadvantage of internal fixation Š Splint Š Traction Š Gallows traction Š Bryants traction Š Russells traction Š Perkins traction Š Dunlop traction Š Smits tractio Š Halo -pelvic traction Š AO Method of Internal Fixation Š Typical ages and typical fractures Š Injuries Characteristic deformity Š Fat embolism Š Compartment Syndrome

Lec 02 Š Non union 0:40:26 141 Š Malunion Š Stiffness of joint Š Sympathetic dystrophy Š Myositis ossificans,Fracture in children Š Salter and harris classification of epiphyseal injuries Š Operative intervention in epiphyseal injuries Š Arthrodesis,Triple arthodesis Š Injuries around shoulder joint Š Fracture calvicle Š Dislocation of shoulder joint Š Anterior dislocation types Š Bankart's lesion,Hill-sach's lesion Š Call ways test

Lec 03 Š Fracture Surgical neck of humerus 0:39:31 135 Š Fracture Shaft of humerus Š Complications of shaft humerus Š Mechanism of injuries around elbow joint Š SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF HUMERUS Š PULLED ELBOW Š Fracture of olecranon Š Injuries in forearm and wrist

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size ORTHOPAEDIC Lec- 04 Š Monteggia fracture-dislocation 0:40:12 137 Š Galeazzi fracture dislocation Š Colles fracture,Smith's fracture 04 Part2 Š Bartons fracture, Scaphoid fracture Š Scaphoid cast, Lunate dislocations Š Mallets fracture(base ball finger) Š Injuries around hip joint Š Dislocation of hip,Post dislocation of hip

Lec 05 Š Anterior dislocation of Hip 0:40:19 138 Š INTRA CAPSULAR FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR Š Osteoporosis is predisposing factor Š MC Murray's osteotomy Š Hemiarthroplasty, Triple arthrodesis Š Illizarov's technique Š Barlows test, Ortolanis test Š Inter trochanteric fractures Š Fracture shaft of femur,Fracture patella Lec 06 Š Anterior cruciate ligametn injury 0:39:10 134 Š O' Donognue triad Š Post cruciate ligament injury Š Meniscal injuries Š Apley's test Š Dislocation of patella Š Recurrent dislocation Š Fracture shaft of tibia and fibula Š Ankle injuries -pott's injuries Š Massonaies fracture Š Treatment of ankle injuries Lec 07 Š Fracture of calcaneus,Fracture of talus 0:40:56 140 Š Traumatic paraplegia,Acute osteomyletis Š Chronic osteomyelitis, Garre's osteomyelitis Š Brodies abscess Š Septal arthritis,Salmonella osteomyelitis Š Tom smith arthritis,Gonococcal arthritis

Lec 08 Š Madhura foot 0:38:10 130 Š Pott's paraplegia

Lec 09 Š Tb knee 0:39:54 136 Š Triple subluxation Š Spina ventosa of phalanges Š Terminal pulp space infection Š Deep palmar space infection Š Acute supurative tenosynovitis Š Anatomy Š Congenital talipes equino varus(ctev) Lec 10 0:41:44 142 Lec 11 0:40:23 138 Lec 12 0:39:37 135 Lec 13 0:39:40 135 Lec 14 0:40:10 137 Lec 15 0:29:44 101 Lec 16 0:20:34 70.7

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FORENSIC MEDICINE

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Forensic Medicine Mock Tests Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Forensic Medicine Lec-01 0:41:02 140 Lec-02 0:38:00 129 Lec-03 0:39:25 135 Lec-04 0:17:52 61.5

Forensic Medicine Test 505 Lec-01 0:39:51 136 Lec-02 0:42:51 146

Forensic Medicine Notes

Forensic Medicine Notes No. of Pages = 52

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Lec 01 Š Medical Jurisprudence 0:39:28 135 FORENSIC Š Medical Ethics MEDICINE Š Indian Penal Code,1860(I.P.C.) Š Police Inquest Š Magistrate's Inquest Š Coroner's Inquest Š Cognisable Offence Š Subpoena or Summons Š Powrs of Mgistrates Š Conduct Money Š Documentary Evidence Š Dying Declaration Š Dying Deposition Š Oral Evidence Š Exceptions to Oral Evidence Š Expections to Oral Evidence Š Hospital records Š perjufy Š Cross-Examination Š Re-Examination(re-direct Examination) Š Dichotomy or Fee Splitting Š Doctors and Advertising Š warning Notice Š Duties of Medical Practitioner Š Professional Secrecy Š Privileged Communications

Lec 02 Š Types of Physician-Pattient Relationship 0:24:43 84.9 Š Therapeutic Relationship Š Professional Negligence (Malpracitce) Š Instances of Medical Negligence Š "Calculated Risk" Cases Š Doctrine of Common knowledge Š Novus Actus Interveniens Š Criminal Negligence Š Corporate Neglience Š Ethical Neglience Š Difference between civil and criminal negligence Š Difference between professional negligence and infamours conduct Š Defences Against Negligence Š Contributory Neglience Š Therapeutic Misadventure Š Vicarious Liability Š "Borrowed Servant" Doctrine Š Medical Indemnity Insurance Š Euthanasia(mercy killing) Š Paternalism Š Loco Parentis Š Consumer Protection Act,1986 Š The transplanation of Human Organs Act,1994 Š The Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques(P.D.T) ACT 1994

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Sex Determination in putrefied Body FORENSIC Lec 03 0:14:39 50.5 Š Male vs female at Autopsy MEDICINE Š Traits diagnostic of sex Š Temporary Teeth Š Permanent teeth Š Gustafson's Method Š Attrition Š Growth in Individual Bones Š Criminal Responsibility Š Juvenile punishment Š Marriage Contract Š Rule of Haase Š Fingerprints Š Classification, Poroscopy Š Fingerprints in Decomposed Bodies Š Mutilation of Fingerprints Š Superimposition Š Difference between human and animal hair Š Subendocardial Haemorrhage Š Post-mortem Clots 03 Part2 Š Fixation of Organs Š fixation of Organs Š Recitfied Spirit Š Examination of Bones Š Stature Š Exhumation Š Authorization Š Asphyxia Š Anaemic Anoxia Š Histotoxic Anoxia

Lec 04 Š Asphyxial Stigmata 0:43:54 150 Š post Mortem changes Š Suspended Animation(apparent death) Š Cooling of theBody Š Factors affecting Rate of Colling Š Post-mortem Caloricity Š Post-Mortem Hypostasis Š Changes in post-mortem Š REGOR MORTIS Š The Order of appearance of Rigor Š Time of Onset Š Duration of Rigor Mortis Š conditions Altering the Onset and Duration Š Medico-legal Importance Š Conditions simulating rigor mortis Š Difference between rigor mortis and cadaveric spasm Š Secondary Relaxaation Š Putrefaction, colour Changes Š Development of Foul-smelling Gases Š Adipocere(Saponification) Š Mummification,Estimation of Post-Mortem Interval, Entomology of the Cadaver

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size FORENSIC Lec 05 Š MECHANICAL IMJURIES 0:28:30 97.7 Š Grazes MEDICINE Š Pressure Abrasions(Crushing or friction abrasions) Š Age of Abrasions Š Difference between ante-mortem and post-mortem abrasions Š Contusions(Bruises) Š Incised-like or Incised-looking Wounds Š Circumstances of Injuries Š The Abrasion Collar(marginal abrasion) Š Difference between suicidal and homicidal cut-throat Š Atypical Entrance Wounds Š Ricochet Bullet Š Regional Injuries Š Depressed Fractures Š Pond or Indented Fractures Š Gutter Fractures

Lec 06 Š Facutre Base of Skull 0:27:50 96.1 Š Contrecoup Lesions Š Concussion of the Brain Š Intracranial Haemorrhage Š Extradural Haemorrhage Š Sub Dural Haemorrhage Š Sub Arachnoid Haemorrhage Š Intra Cerebral Haemorrhage Š SPINAL CORD Š Rabbit punch Š Concussion of the Spinal Cord Š Traffic Accidents Š Boxing Injuries 06 Part2 Š MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF WOUNDS Š Dowry deaths(S 304-B I.P.C.) How do you define Š Sucide Š Grievous Injury Š Fat Embolism Š Air Embolism Difference between Š THERMAL DEATHS ante-mortem and Š Local Effects post-mortem wound Š Heat Hyperpyrezia or Heat Stroke Š Burns Epidermal

Lec 07 Š Pugilistic attitude(boding,fencing of defence attitude) 0:39:30 130 Š Ante-mortem and post-mortem Burns Š Difference between ante-mortem and post-mortem burns, Burking,Drowing types Š Electrical injuries,The electric mark Š Flash or Spark Burns,Lightening Stroke Š Lynching,Bansdola,Garroting Š Difference between hanging and strangulation Š Strangulation,Mugging,Smothering Š Gagging,Overlaying, Café Coronary

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Lec 08 Š Alterations in Blood(Gettler test) 0:32:18 110 FORENSIC Š Artificial Insemination(A.I) MEDICINE Š Virginity, Pregnancy & Delivery Š Superfecundation Š Superfoetation Š Sexual offences,Rape Š Examination of the Victim Š Corroborative Signs of Rape Š Identity of the Accused Š Sodomy Š Buccal coitus Š Tribadism Š Bestiality Š Uranism, Sadism Š Necrophagia Š Masochism, Fetishism Š Transvestism or Eonism Š Exhibitionism Š Voyeurism or Scoptophilia Š Frotteurism Š Undinism Š pyromania Š Indecent Assault Š Florebce Test Š Barberio's Test Š Proof of Semen Š Abortion

Lec 09 Š INFANT DEATHS 0:47:14 161 Š Still Birth Š Rigor Mortis at delivery, Maceration Š Spalding's Sign Š Mummification Š Viability of the Infant Š Static Test of Fodere's Test Š Ploucquet's Test Š The Hydrostatic Test Š The expanded lungs may sink from Š The unexpanded lungs may float from Š Hydrostatic test is not necessary when Š Live birth is probable when Š stillbirth is probable in the presence of Š Changes in the Middle Ear(Wredin's Test) Š Meconium Š Caput Succedaneum Š Cephalhaematoma Š Battered Baby Syndrom or Non-Accidental Injury of Š Munchausen's Syndrome Š Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(SID Š BLOOD STAINS Š The Benzidine Test Š Haemin Crystal Test(Teichmann's Test) Š Haemochromogen Crystal Test(Takayama)

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size Š Spectroscopic Examination FORENSIC Š Precipitin Test MEDICINE Š Exclusion of paternity Š ABO Blood groups Š The ABO System Š The MNSs System Š The Rh system Š Group Specific Substances Š FORENSCI PSYCHIATRY Š Affective Disorder Š Delirium Š Delusion Š Persecution Š Reference Š Nihilistic Š Fugue Š Hallucination Š Illusion Š Impulse Š Kleptomania Š Pyromania Š Mutiilomania Š Dipsomania Š Obsession Š Lucid interval Š Onetroid states(Oneirophrenia) Š Psychosis Š Neurosis Š Difference between lucid interval in insanity ands head injury Š Difference between real insanity and feigned insanity Š Insanity and Testementary Capacity Š Criminal Responsibility Š Mc Naughten Rule Š Durham Rule (1954) Š Curren's Rule(1961) Š The Irresistibel Impulse Test(New Hampshire Doctrine) Š INSANITY AND MURDER Š Automatism Š Somnambulism

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size FORENSIC Lec 10 Š Delirium 0:22:00 75.8 MEDICINE Š Drunkenness Š Locard's Exhange Principle Š Lie Detection Š Lie Detection Š TOXICOLOGY Š Ideal Homicidal Poison, Ideal Suicidal Poison Š Arrow Poisons Š Action of Poisons Š Colour of post-mortem staining Š Mechanical or Physcial Antidotes Š Chemical Antidotes Š Universal Antidote Š Physiological or pharmacological Antidotes Š B.A.L.(British Anti-Lewisite Dimercaprol;2,3, mercaptopropanol) Š E.D.T.A (EthyleneDiamine tetra-Acetic acid;Calcium disodium versenate Edathamil; Edetic acid) Š Penicillamine(cuprimine) Š Elimination of Poison by Excretion Š Renal Excretion Š Peritoneal Dialysis Š Haemodialysis Š Agricultual Poisons Š Organophosphorus Poisons Š Aryl phosphates

Lec 11 Š Muscarinic Manifestations 0:39:09 134 Š Nicotinic Manifestations Š Organochlorines Š Zinc phosphide Š Sulphuric Acid(Oil of vitriol) Š Nitric Acid(HNO3) Š Oxalic Acid Š Carbolic acid(Phenol) Š Metallic Poisons Š Arsenic Š Difference between arsenic poisoning and cholera Š Chronic poisoning Š Mercury Š Lead Š Chronic Poisoning(Plumbism) Š Inorganic Irritant Poisons Š Abrus Precatorius Š Somecarpus anacardium Š Calotropis Š Snake Š Cobra, Krait Š Russell's Viper and Echis Carinate Š Sea Snakes Š Bees and Wasps,Alcohol Š CNS DEPRESSANTS

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size FORENSIC Lec 12 Š Methyl Alcohol 0:18:50 64.7 MEDICINE Š Opium Š Barbiturate poisoning Š Chloral Hydrate Š Anti-Psychotic Agents(Tranquillisers) Š Benzodiazipines Š Paracetamol(Acetaminophen) Š Delrient Poisons Lec 13 Š Cocaine 0:30:27 104 Š Drug Abuse(Substance abuse) Š Psychological dependence Š Difference between drug addiction and drug habituation Š Symptoms of Drug Dependency Š Heroin (BrownSugar) Š Phychedelics Š LSD(Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) Š Flashback Phenomenon Š The Cocaine Type Š The Cannabis Type Š The Amphetamine Type Š Body packer and Body Š Spinal Poisons Š Strychnos Nux vomica Š Difference between and tetanus Š Cardiac Poisons Š Quinine Š Aconite Š Hydrocyanic Acid Š Judicial Execution Š ASPHYXIANTS Š Carbon Monoxide Š Symptoms of CO poisoning Š Carbon Dioxide Š Hydrogen Sulpohide Š Methy Isocyanate(MIC) Š War Gases Š Lathyrus Sativus(Kesari dhal)

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SURGERY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Surgery Mock Test & Notes Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

Surgery Test 468 Lec-01 0:39:49 136 Lec-02 0:38:16 131 Lec-03 0:41:12 141 Lec-04 0:41:57 143

Surgery Test 540 Lec-01 0:39:27 135 Lec-02 0:40:46 139 Lec-03 0:35:15 120 Lec-04 0:33:39 115

Surgery Notes

Surgery Notes No. of Pages = 197

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 01 Š Surgical complications 0:50:10 171 Š Postsurgical bleeding Š Characterisitc and Treatment of Coagulopathies in Surgical Š Wound problems Š Subperichondrial seroma Š Dehiscence Š Postoperative pain Š Post operative Psychosis Š Atelectasis Š Aspiration pneumonia Š Properties of Pleural Effusion Fluid Š Exudates can be found in Š Myocardial infarction Š Intestinal ileus Š Anastomotic leaks

Lec 02 Š Vascular complication,Pneumothorax 0:39:13 134 Š Iatrogenic cardiac temponade Š Pulmonary embolus,"Hampoton's Hump" Š Fat emboli,Bergman's triad Š Differential Diagnosis of Postoperative Fever Š Complications of Minimal Access Surgery(Laparoscopy or Thoracoscopy) Š Pneumothorax

Lec 03 Š Surgical nutrition 0:20:10 69.3 Š Assessment of Nutritional Status Š Laboratory markers of nutritional status Š Serum Proteins Used as Makers of Nutritional Status, Energy expenditure Š RQ,Energy requirements Š Harris-Benedict equation Š Positive & Negative nitrogen balance Š During intravenous (IV) nutritional supplementation Lec 04 Š Enteral nutritional support 0:35:13 120 Š Nasoduodenal tubes Š Complications Associated with Enteral Nutritional Support Š Enteral Parenteral Nutritional Support Š Glutamine Š Parenteral nutrition Š Phosphorus supplementation Š Refeeding syndrome Š Complications Associated with parenteral Nutrition,Lipid solutions Š Schedule for administration of Tetanus Toxoid Š Specialized formula Š Surgical Infections Š Classsification of Operastive Cases Based on Potential Bacterial Contamination Š Perioperative Wound Infections Š Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis Š Prophylaxis against tetanus Š Tetanus toxoid, Traumatic Injuries Š Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Š Abscesses,Bite wounds

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 05 Š Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) 0:24:36 84.4 Š Nosocomial pneumonia Š Postoperative Nosocomial Infections Š Urinary tract infections Š WOUND HEALING AND PLASTIC SURGERY Š Wound Healing Š healing by secondary intention Š Proliferative phase Š Remodeling phase Š Wound contraction Š Factors impeding wound healing Š Local and Systemic Factors tghat May Impair Wound Healing Š Systemic factors affecting wound closure Š Chronic glucocorticoid therapy

Lec 06 Š Characteristics of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids 0:30:55 106 Š Skin Grafts and Tissue Flaps Š Split-thickness skin grafts Š A full-thickness skin graft(FTSG) Š Comparison Chart of Split-Thickness and Full -Thickness Skin Grats Š Skin grafts survival Š Flaps Š Dissection of the pedicle Š Flaps classified by surgical technique in pedicled flaps Š free flaps Š Skin flaps Š TRAM flap Š Random pattern flaps Š Rotation flaps Š Arc of rotation of a latissimus dorsi flap Š Transposition flaps Š Z-plasty Š Transposition graft(Z-plasty) Š Advancement flaps Š An axial pattern flap Š Island flaps Š Muscle and musculocutaneous flaps Š Commonly used muscle flaps

Lec 07 Š Hand Surgery 0:28:38 98.2 Š Lateral bands,No man's Land Š nerves most important to hand function Š Hand infections,Paronychia, Felon Š Tenosynovitis,Trigger finger Š Kanavel's four signs of tenosynovitis Š De Quervain tenosynovitis Š Dupuytern contracture Š partial fasciectomy,A ganglion,An inclusion cyst Š Tumors of the hand Š Xanthoma(i.e., giant cell ltumor) Š Enchodromas, Glomus tumors,Liver allografts Š Hyperacute rejection,Chronic rejection

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 08 Š Complications of immunolsuppressive therapy 0:51:48 177 Š Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease(PTLD) Š Classification of Organ Transplants An autograft Š An isograft Š An allograft Š A xenograft Š Kidney Transplantation Š Donors for kidney transplants Š Clinical criteria for brain death Š Pancreas transplantation-Indications Š Heart transplantation-Indications Š Lung transplantation-Indications Š Kidney transplanatation-Indications Š renal graft Š Lymphocele Š Acute cellular rejection Š Liver Transplantation Š Surgical implantation of the Liver Š Post-transplant complications Š Criteria for liver transplanatation in fullminant hepatic failure Š Pancreas Transplantation Š Heart transplantation Š Post-transplant complications Š Combined Heart-Lung Transplantation Š Bronchiolitis obliterans

Lec 09 Š FLUIDS AND CRITICAL CARE 0:44:00 150 Š Estimation of total body water Š Third space fluids Š Š Hypervolemia Š Electrolyte Concentration of Common Intravenous(IV) Š Fresh forzen plasma(FFP) Š Maintenance fluids Š Maintenance electrolyte replacement Š Composition of Gastrointestinal Secretions Š Blood products Š Blood products Š Blood typing Š Whole blood Š FFP(human) Š Cryoprecipitate Š Complications of transfusion Š Complications of Transfusion of Blood products Š Anaphylaxis Š ABO incompatibility Š Principles of Critisal Care Š Common ventilator Settings Š Complications of pulmonary arteyr catheters Š The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Š The systemic Inflammatory response syndorme(SIRS) Š Multiple system organ failure

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 10 Š TRAUMA AND BURNS 0:37:00 126 Š TRAUMA Š Estabilhsing airway patency Š Transfusion with packed red blood cells Š AVPU mnemonic Š Glasgow coma scale Š pneumothorax Š Open pneumothorax Š Chest tube Insertion Procedure Š Flail chest Š Massive hemothorax Š Cardiac tamponade Š Penetrating neck trauma Š Zone I Š Zone II Š Zone III Š Diagnostic peritoneal Lavage(DPL) Š Stab wounds

Lec 11 Š Colon injuries 0:31:57 109 Š Rectal injuries Š Pelvic Injuries Š BURNS Š a.First degree burns Š b.Second degree, or partial-thickness Š superficial partial-thickness burns Š Deep Partial-thickness burns Š "Parkland Formula" Š TBSA Š Escharotomies Š Truncal escharotomies Š Burn wound care Š Wound closure Š Prophylaxis against gastrointestinal ulceration

Lec 12 Š Lingual thyroid 0:41:25 141 Š Median(thyroglosal)Ectopic thyroid Š Thyroglossal cyst Š Thyroglossal fistula Š Adult Hypothyroidism Š Myxoedema Š Myxedema coma Š Factors known to Precipitate Myxedema Coma Š Physical Findings in Myxedema Coma Š Simple Goitre Š Goitrogens Š Diffuse Hyperplastic Goitre Š Large multinodular goitre Š Isotope scan Š Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology(FNAC) Š Indirect laryngoscopy Š Large bore needle(trucut)biopsy

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 13 Š Thyroid cysts 0:35:46 122 Š Indications for operation in isolated thyroid swellings Š Retrosternal Goitre Š Pemberton's sign Š Hyperthyroidism Š Diffuse toxic goitre Š Primary thyrotoxicosis Š Toxic nodular goitre Š Secondary thyrotoxicosis Š Toxic nodule Š signs of thyrotoxicosis Š Principles of Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis Š Carbimazole Š Iodides Š Radioiodine Š General contraindications for therapy with131I Š Questionable contraindications for therapy with 131 I

Lec 14 Š Treatment of chocie 0:41:58 143 Š Diffuse toxic goitre Š Toxic nodular goitre, Toxic nodule Š Special problems in Treatment Š Pregnancy Š Postpartum Hyperthyroidism Š Thyrocardiac Š Jod-Basedow Thyrotoxicosis Š Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis Š Postoperative Complications Š Thyrotoxic Crisis(Storm) Š Neoplasms of the Thyroid Š Follicular adenomas Š Follicular adenomas Š Papillary carcinoma Š Diagnosis of Thyroid Neoplasms Š Occult Carcinoma Š Follicular Carcinoma Š Hurthle Cell Tumours Š Prognosis in Differentiated Thyroid Ca

Lec 15 Š Indications of total thyroidectomy 0:43:23 148 Š Classification of Thyroiditis Š Differentiating Thyroiditis Š Clinical Manifestations of Thyroiditis Subtypes Š Chronic lymphocytic(Autoimmune)thyroiditis Š Goitre, Granulomatous Thyroiditis Š BREAST Š Comparative and Surgical Anatomy Š Lymphatics,Cracked Nipple,Amazia Š Evaluation and Management of Breast pain Š Congenital Abnormalities Š Duct Papilloma,Management of Breat Cysts Š Mastitis of infants,Benign Breast Disease Š Discharge from Single duct Š Fibroadenoma,Phyllodes tumor

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 16 Š Carcinoma of the Breast 0:46:47 160 Š Inflammatory Carcinoma Š Ductal (Dcis) carcinoma insitu Š Paget's Disease of the Nipple Š The spreead of mammary carcinoma Š Peau'd orange Š Cancer-en-cuirasse Š Lymphangiosarcoma Š Stages of Breast Cancer Š Prognosis of Breast Cancer Š Treatment of carcinoma Š Mastectomy Š patey' Mastectomy Š Radical mastectomy- Halsted Š Modified radical mastectomy Š Structures preserved Š Conservative Breast Cancer Surgery Š The Role of Axillary Surgery Š Mammography Š changes on serial mammography Š Treatment of Advanced Disease Š The Male Breast

Lec 17 Š Lung Cysts 0:47:49 168 Š Extralobar sequestration Š The Diaphragm Š Congenital Hernia Š Hernia through the foramen of Morgagni Š Herrnia through the Foramen of Bockdalek Š Eventration of the Diaphragm Š Eventration Diaphragm Š Fibreopotic Oesophagoscopy Š Rigid oesothagoscopy Š Congenital tresia of the oesophagus Š Injuries of Oesophagus(mainly introgenic) Š Full Thickness Rupture(Boerhaave's syndrome) Š Partial Thickness Mucosal Rupture(Mallory_Weiss Š Diverticula Š Pulsion diverticula Š Midoesophageal diverticulum-Traction diverticulum Š Zencker's divercticulum Š Oesophageal varices Š Oesophagitis

Lec 18 Š Sliding Hiatus Hernia 0:30:15 103 Š Sliding(Commoner)and rolling Š Mechanism of Herniation Š Complications of Hiatus Hernia Š Oesophagoscopy Š Treatment of sliding hiatus hernia Š Besley repair Š Nissen fundoplication Š Paraoesophageal('Rolling')Hernia Š Barrett's oesophageal(Columnar cell-lined oesophageal) Š The Plummer-Vinson Syndrome Š Achalasia of the oesophagus

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 19 Š Diffuse oesophageal spasm 0:27:22 93.8 Š Benign Tumours Š Leiomyoma Š Carcinoma of the Oesophagus Š Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus Š Carcinoma of Middle Third of oesophagus Š Carcinoma of Lower Third of Oesophagus and Cardia Š Stomach&Duodenum Š Tests of gastric Secretion Š Histology of Stomach

Lec 20 Š Hypertrophic pyloric Stenosis of Infants 0:32:08 110 Š Ramstedt's Operation Š Congential Atresia of the Duodenum Š Ulcers-Peptic Ulcers Š Accute Peptic Ulcers Š Chronic Duodenal Ulcers Š Chronic Gastric Ulcers Š Benign chronic gastric ulcer Š Penetrating gastric carcinoma Š Acute peptic ulcer

Lec 21 Š Chronic Duodenal Ulcers 0:38:16 131 Š Gastroduodenoscopy Š Treatment of Chronic Uncomplicated Š Gastric and Duodenal ulcers Š Operations for Gastric ulcers Š Billroth I Partial Gastrectomy Š Billroth II Gastrectomy Š Difference between Billroth I and II Š Four types of vagotomy Š Gastric Drainage procedures Š Gastrojejunostomy Š Antrectomy Š Perforated Peptic Ulcer Š "Double wall sign"="Rigler sign" Š "Telltale triangle sign" Š Perforated Ulcer-duodenal bulb ulcer Š Pyloric stenosis Š Hourglass Stomach Š Complications after Gastric Opertions

Lec 22 Š Stomal obstruction 0:31:57 120 Š DuodenalFistula('Blow-ot') Š Recurrent ulcer Š Gastro-jejuno-colic Fistula Š Postgastrectomy Syndromes Š Late post-cibal Syndormes Š Early post-cibal syndromes Š Nutritional disturbances Š postvagotomy Syndromes Š Gastric Neoplasms, Leiomyoma Š Adenomatous polyp Š Menetrier's disease, Virchows Node Š Carcinoma of the stomach Š Villous adenoma of the stomach

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 23 Š Colloid Caarcinoma 0:34:23 117 Š Leather-Bottle Stomach(Linitis Plastica) Š Gastric lymphoma Š Acanthosis Nigricans Š Treatment of Carcinoma of the Stomach Š Signs of inoperability Š Sarcoma of the Stomach Š Leiomyosarcoma Š Gastric Surgery for Morbid Obesity Š Indications for Surgery Š Obesity-associated diseases Š Vertical banded gastroplasty Š Hair-ball of the Stomach(Trichobezoar) Š Acute Dilatation of the Stomach Š Volvulus of the Stomach Š Surgical Lobes of the Liver Š Portosystemic Encephalopathy

Lec 24 Š Special Mehtods of Investing the liver 0:37:35 128 Š Liver biopsy Š Cholangitis Š Suppurative Cholangitis Š Idiopathic Pyogenic Liver Abscess Š Routes of Entry Š Amoebic Liver Abscess

Lec 25 Š Actinomycosis of the Liver 0:38:45 132 Š Honeycomb' Liver Š Hydatid Disease of the Liver Š Treatment of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver Š Partial hepatectomy Š Polycystic liver disease Š Cirrhosis of the Liver Š PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS Š Haemochromatosis Š Hepatolenticular Degeneration(Wilson's Disease) Š Cirrhosis Š Ascitis Š Prehepatic Š Inhtrahepatic Š Posthepatic Š Oesophageal Varices Š Gastric Varices-Three types Š Portosystemic Shunt Operations Š Portacaval Anastomosis Š Splenorenal Anastomosis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 26 Š Superior Mesentericocaval Anastomosis 0:37:39 128 Š DigitalSplenorenal Shunt Š Budd-Chiari Syndorme Š Neoplasms of the Liver Š Haemangioma Š Hepatoadenomas Š Hepatocarcinoma Š Fetoprotein(AFP) Š Secondary Neoplasms of the Liver Š Secondary Carcinoid(agentaffin) tumours Š Treatment of Neoplasms of the Liver Š Primary liver tumour Š Spleen Š Response to antigenic challenge Š Investigation of the Spleen Š Rupture of the Spleen Š Kehtr's Sign Š Infracgtion of the spleen Š Elective splenectomy Š Tropical Splenomegaly Š Felthy's Syndrome Š Splenectomy Š Usual Indications Š Laparoscopic Splenectomy Š Postopervative Complications Š Postsplenectomy septicaemia Š Gall Bladder Š Surgical Anatomy and physiology Š Cystic artery Š Arterial supply of gall bladder Š Surgical physiology Š Bile,as it the liver Š Gail Bladder concentrates the bile Š Gallbladder-Functions Š Concentration of Bile

Lec 27 Š Oral Cholecystography-Graham -Cole Test 0:39:22 134 Š GALL BLADDER WITH STONES Š Contraindications for Oral Cholecystography Š Ultrasonography Š Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography Š PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS Š Radioisotope Scanning Š Biliary Scan(hida scan) Š Liver SPECT Scan Š PercutaneousTranshepatic Š Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangigraphy(PTC) Š Peroperative Cholangigraphy Š Postoperative Cholangiogaphy Š Congenital abnormalities of the gallbladder and bile duets Š Biliary Atresia Š The Kasai Procedure Š Choledochal Cyst Š Gallstones(Cholelithiasis) Š Limey Bile

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 28 Š Pigment stones 0:35:54 122 Š Effects and Complications of Gall stones Š Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis Š Murphy's Sign Š Acute Calculous cholecystitis Š Clinical Features olf acute Cholecystitis Š Boas's Sign Š Mucocele of the Gallbladder Š Acalculous Cholecystitis Š Cholecystectomy and Cholecystostomy Š Symptoms persisting after cholestectomy Š Stones in the Bile Ducts Š Choleithiasis and Choledocholithiasis Š Courvoisier's Law Š Choledochoduodenostomy Š Stricutures of the Common Bile Duct Š Hogarth Pringle's Manoeuvre

Lec 29 Š Primary sclerosing cholangitis 0:37:45 129 Š Carcinoma of Gall Bladder Š Porcelain Gallbladder Š Bile Duct Carcinoma Š Cholangiocarcinoma Š Biliary Fistulas Š External Fistulas Š Internal fistulas Š Pancreas Š Anatomy and physiology Š Head of Pancreas Š Neck, ERCP Š Computed Tomography(CT Scan) Š Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography Š MRCP, Cystic fibrosis Š Congenital Abnormalities Š Annular Pancreas

Lec 30 Š Ectopic Pancreas 0:34:50 119 Š Injuries to the Pancreas Š Classification of pancreatic injury Š Acute Pancreatitis Š Acute Pancreattitis Š Phlegmon/Inflammatory Mass Š Chronic Pancreatitis Š Potential Complications of Acute Pancreatitis Š Glasgow's Prognositc Criteria Š Apache I Scoring system Š APACHE II Scoring System

Lec- 31 Š Therapies for Acute Pancreatitis 0:24:25 83.7 Š Hypocalcaemia Š Pseudocystt Š Chronic Pancreatitis Š Chronic calcific pancreatitis Š Pancreatic pseudocyst, EUS

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 32 Š Pancreatoduenectomy 0:41:48 143 Š Endocrin Tumours of the pancreas Š Hyperinsuiinism(b-cell tumour) Š Insulinoma Š Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Š The physiology Š Acute Peritonitis Š Natural factors that favour localisation of peritonitis Š Complications of Pertitonitis Š Paralytic ileus Š pelvic abscess Š Subphrenic abscess Š Anatomy and physiology Š Left Superior(anterior)intraperitoneal(Left subphrenic) Š Left inferior(Posterior)intrapertioneal(Left subhepatic) Š Extraperitoneal

Lec 33 Š Special Forms of Peritonitis 0:42:30 145 Š The mesentery Š Seat Belt Syndrome Š Acute nonspecific lleocaecal Š Mesenteric Adenitis Š Nurse's Syndrome Š Hirschprung's Disease Š Duhamels' operation Š Swenson's prodedure Š Coloanal anastomosis Š Restaorative proctolectomy Š Vascular Anomalies(Angiodysplasis) Š Blind Loop syndrome Š Diverticular Disease Š Small intestine Diverticula Š Duodenal Diverticulum Š Jejunal Divedrticula Š Meckel's Diverticulum Š Inflamed Meckel's diverticulum

Lec 34 Š Meckel's Diverticuletomy 0:38:38 132 Š Diverticulosis of Colon Š Diverticulosis of Colon Š Diverticulitis Š Ulcreative Colitis Š Barium Enema Findings In Inflammatory Bowel Disease Š Proctitis Š Toxic megacolon Š Pyoderma Gangrenosum Š Ulceratrive colitis-Radiology Š Dysplasia arising in chronic ulcerative colitis Š The cancer risk in colitis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 35 Š Extra-intestinal Manifestations 0:36:23 124 Š Arterial insufficiency ulcers Š Crohn's Disease(Regional enteritis) Š Anal Disease Š Intestinal Amoebiasis Š Tuberculosis of the Intestine Š Actinomycosis Š Tumors of the Small Interstine Š peutz-jeghers Syndrome Š Primary Lymphome Š Carcinoid tumor

Lec 36 Š Tumours of the Large Intestine 0:43:23 142 Š Villours Adenoma Š Tubullovillous adenoma Š Harmartomatous polyps Š Haemangiomas Š juvenile polyposis, Juvenile polyposis Š Hyperplastic polyp Š Famitial Adenomtous polyposis Š Familial polyposis, Malignant Tumours Š AdenoCarcinoma of the Colon Š Colorectal cancer Š Adenocarcinoma(Colon) Š Ca. Transverse colon Š Carcimoma of the splenic flexure or descending colon Š Hepatic Metastases Š Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Š Necrotizing enterocolitis with perforation of the terminal ileum Š Pneumatosis intestinalis Š Extra cutaneous of Faecal Fistula Š Temporary colostomy Š Kock or Koch Pouch Š Pelivic pouch or Ileo-Anal Pull -Through Š Ileoanal anastomosis with reservoir Š Construction of loop Ileostomy Š Double-Barrel Ostomy-two stomas

Lec 37 Š End Ostomy and Hartmann's Pocuh-one stoma 0:46:47 151 Š Intestinal Obstruction Š Acute Dynamic Obstruction Š Chronic & Acute Chronic Obstruction Š High level small bowel Obstruction Š Low level small bowel Obstruction Š Large bowel Obstruction Š Intestine below the Obstruction Š Role of contrast enemas in abdiminal imaging Š Advantages and disadvantages of Barium and Gastrografin enemas Š Fluid levels,Congenital atresia Š Gastrpgrafin injection Š Volvus of the midgut

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 38 Š Claw sign 0:44:04 144 Š "meniscus sign" Š coild spring" appearance Š Relative merits of various modalitieis in the non-operative Š Volvulus Š Ace of spades appearance- sigmoid volvulus Š Bird's-beak or bird-of-prey sign Š Volvulus of Caecum Š Volvulus of Pelvic Colon Š compund Volvulus Š Adhesions and Bands Š Stricture of Small Intestine Š Chronic intestinal Obstruction Š Paralytic lleus Š Comparison of large and small bowel obstruction features

Lec 39 Š Ischemic Bowel Disease 0:37:00 139 Š Ischemic colitis Š Atheroscleoritc embolization Š Ischemic Bowel Disease Š Pseudo-Obstruction of the Colon Š The Vermiform Appendix Š Mesoappendix Š Appendicular artery Š Mc Burnery's point Š Acute appenditictis Š Obstructive Acute Appendicitis Š Retrocaecal appendix Š Pelvic Appendicits Š Postileal Appendicitis Š Special features according to age Infants Š Appendix Mass Š Appendix Abscess Š Differential Diagnosis of an Appendix Mass Š Treatment Š Appendicectomy Š Rutherford Morison's incision Š Removal of the Appendix Š Problems encountered during appendicectomy Š Management of an Appendix mass Š Appendix abscess Š Complications after Appendicectomy Š Mucocele of the Appendix Š Neoplasms of the appendix Š Carcinoid tumour Š Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Carcinoid

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 40 Š Neuroendocrine Tumors 0:37:35 138 Š Rectum Š Surgical Anatomy Š Three lateral curvatures Š Blood Supply Š Superior Rectal Artery Š Branches of the internal iliac artery Š Middle Rectal Artery Š Inferior Rectal Artery Š Superior rectal Vein Š Lymphatic drainage Š Superior rectal nodes Š Clinical Features of Rectal Disease Š Redctum of anal canal may be injured in Š Prolapse Š Partial rectal prolapse Š Complete Prolapse Š Delorme's operation Š Solitary Rectal Ulcer Š Being tumours Š Polyps Š Juvenile polyp Š Metaplastic polyps Š Pseudopolyps Š Villous adenomas Š Familial adenomatous polyposis Š Rectal Carcinomas Š pathological histology Š Prognosis Š Histological Grading Š Colloid Carcinoma

Lec 41 Š Principles of Surgical treatment 0:38:45 132 Š Sphincter-Saving operation Š Abdominoperineal excision Š Anterior Resection, Anus Š Anatomy and physiology Š Longitudinal muscle Š Puborectalis,Dentate line Š Crypts of Morgagni(Syn.Anal Crypts) Š Anorectal Ring Š Venous Drainage, Lymphatic Drainage Š Anal Muscles and pelvic floor Š Imperforate anus Š Anorectal Agennesis Š Cloaca Š Imperforate anus Š Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Š Pilonidal Sinus Š Anal incontinence Š Anal Fissure Š chronic anal fissure Š Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy Š Proctaligia Fugax Š Haemorrhoids,internal Haemorrholds

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 42 Š Second-degree haemorrhoids 0:24:05 82.7 Š Third-degree haemorrhoids Š Anal tag(arrow) Š Anoscopy Š Treatment of Hemorrhoids Š Sclerotherapy Š Rubber band ligation Š Closed Hemorrhoidectomy Š Strangulation,thrombosis and gangrene Š External Haemorrhoids Š Anoractal Abscesses Š Classification Š Perianal Š Ischioractal Abscess Š Submucous abscess, Pelvirectal abscess Š Fistula In ano Š Low-level fistulas Š Goodsall's Ruls Š Mucosal advancement flap

Lec 43 Š Granulomatous Infections and Crohn'sdisease 0:39:22 140 Š Fistula with many external openings Š Carcinoma arising within perianal fistulas Š High-level fistulas Š Supralevator fistula, Seton Š Malignant Tumours Š Squamous-cell carcinoma Š Basaloid carcinoma Š Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Melanoma Š Anal carcinoma-Clinical Features Š Treatment of squamous carcinoma of the anus and anal canal Š Hernia,Composition of hernia Š Reducible hernia, Richter's Hernia Š Strangulated Omentocele, Inguinal Hernia Š Surgical Anatomy, Direct inguinal hernias Š Boundaries of the inguinal canal Š Route of an indirect hernia Š Route of a femoral hernia Š Nyhus classification of groin Hernias Š Hemiotomy and repair(Herniorrhapy) Š Direct inguinal hernias Š Complications of hemiorrhaphy Š Strangulated inguinal Hernia,Maydl'shernia Š Sliding hernia(Hernie-en-glissade) Š Femoral Hernia, Surgicl anatomy Š Treatment of Famoral Harnis,Umbilical Hernia Š Umbilical hernia of infants and children Š paraumbilical hernia of adults Š Epigastric Hernia,Spigelian, Lumbar Hernia Š Lumbar Hernia, Neoplasms of the Umbilicus Š Brst adbomen and incisional hernia Š burst abdomen(Abdominal dehiscence) Š Urinary Symptoms,Investigation of the Urinary Tract and Anuria

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 44 Š Heamaturia 0:14:17 49.2 Š Tests of Renal Function Š Antegrade Pyelography Š Renal arteriography Š Urethrography

Lec 45 Š Venography 0:40:25 138 Š Computed Tomography Š Magnetic Resonance Imaging Š Whitaker's Test Š Anuria Š Renal Failure Š Peritoneal dialysis Š Haemodialysis, Haemofilteration Š Ureteric Stones, Malignancy Š The Kidneys and Ureters Š Embryology Š Surgical Anatomy Š Congenital Anbormalities of the Kidney Š Congenital Cystoc Kidneys(polycyaticKidneys) Š Solitary Renal Cyst Š (Simple Cyst of the Kidney) Š Postcaval Uretar Š Injuries to the Kidney Š Meteorism Š Injuries to the Ureter Š Methods for repairing a damaged uretar Š Hydropephrosis Š Cause of Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Lec 46 Š DTPA radionuclide study 0:38:58 133 Š Renal Calculi Š Types of Renal Calculi Š Oxalate calculus(calcium oxalate) Š Phosphate calculus Š Urate calculi Š Cystine calculi Š Investigation of suspected urinary stone disease Š Radiography-KUB Š Surgical treatment of urinary calculi Š Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) Š Ureteric Calculus Š Infections of the Kidney Š Acute Pyelonephritis Š Chronic Pyelonsphritis Š pyonephrosis Š Perinephric Abscess Š Perinephric Abscess

Lec 47 Š Renal Tuberculosis 0:21:17 73.2 Š TB of the Bladder Š Neoplasms of the Kidney Š Wilms' tumour(Nephroblastoma) Š Hypernephroma(Grawitz's tumour) Š Papillary Transitional Cell Tumours of the Renal Pelvis

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 48 Š Urinary Bladder Š Distal urethral sphincter 0:40:05 137 Š Nerve Supply to Bladder Š Ectopia vescicae Š Rupture of Bladsder Š intraperioneal rupture Š Urinary Retention Š Anatomy of Micturition Š Lesions of Spinal Cord and their effect on bladder function Š Spinal cord Lesions above T10

Lec 49 Š Lesions involving sympathetic outflow(T11-L2) 0:45:28 155 Š Incontinence of urine Š Causes of incontinence Š Chronica urninary retention with overflow in men Causes Š Urinary incontinence in femal Š Vescial calculus Š Divertticulum of Bladder Š Pulsion diverticulum Š Traction diverticulum Š Diverticulum of Bladder Š Pulsion divertixculum Š Traction diverticulum Š vescicoureteric Reflux Š Schichistosomiasis of bladder Š Neoplasms of Bladder

Lec 50 Š Prostate Specific Antigen:PSA 0:54:39 186 Š Benign Prosttic Hyperplasis Š Rectal examination in BPH Š Indication for prostatectomy Š TURP Š Operative points in TURP Š Complications of TURP Š Corpora Amylalcea Š Carcinoma of Prostate Š Prerequisities for Radical Prostatectomy Š Blood tests in metasttatic Ca.Prostate Š Prostatitis

Lec 51 Š Acute Prostatitis 0:19:54 68.4 Š Chronic Prostatitis Š Urethra Š Meatal stenosis Š Congenital Valves of Posterior Urethra Š Epispadias Š Rupture of Bulbar Urethra Š Rupture of Membranous Urethra Š Extravasation of Urine Š Urethral Stricture

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 52 Š Phimosis 0:40:40 139 Š Balanoposthitis Š Genital Herpes Š Lymphogranuloma venereum Š Granuloma inguinale Š Corde Š Peyronie's Disease Š Priapism Š Carcinoma Penis Š Torsion of the Tests Š Varicocele Š Hydrocele Š Spermatocele Š Epidymoporchitis Š Testicular Tumors Š Scrotum Š Vasectomy

Lec 53 Š Ulcers 0:39:30 135 Š ulcers are of five main varieties Š Diagnostic and interventional radiology Š Conventional radiology Š MRI Š Computerized Tomography Š Advantagves of helical(Spiral)versus conventional CT Š Magnetic resonance imaging Š MRI-advantages Š Radionuclide imaging Š Imaging in the acute abdomen Š Imaging in trauma Š Suspected cord damage require an urgent MRI scan Š Percutaneous billary procedures

Lec 54 Š Gall bladder drainage 0:15:30 53.4 Š Percutaneous renal intervention Š Percutaneous gastrostomy-indications Š Interventional vascular techniques Š Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty Š Vascular stenting Š Therapeutic embolisation-Indications

Lec 55 Š Wounds,Tissue Repair%Scars 0:24:32 84.3 Š Wound Healing Š Classiication of Wounds Š Degloving Š Critical Care Š Fluid,Electrolyte Š Acid-base Balance Š Blood transfusion Š Reactionary Haemorrhage Š Secondary Haemorrhage

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 56 Š Acid-Base Disturbances 0:38:51 133 Š Respiratory Alkalosis Š Metabolic Acidosis Š Anion Gap Š Water Intoxication Š SIADH Š Sodium Excess(Syn.Hypernatraemia) Š Estimation of electrolyte Balance Š Sodium Excess(Syn.Hypernatraemia) Š Potassium Š Calcium Š Magnesium Š Hyoijakaemic alkalosis

Lec 57 Š Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products 0:40:31 138 Š Blood storage Š Fresh frozen plasma Š Cryoprecipitate Š Fibrinogen Š SAG-mannitol blood Š Complications of Blood Transfusion Š Transfusion Reactions' Š Haemophilia Š Dextrans Š Parenteral Fuid Therapy Š SHOCK Š Neurogenic shock Š Hypovolaemic shock Š Pathophysiology of haemorrhage and shock Š Central Venous Pressure

Lec 58 Š Overt compensated hypovolaemia 0:40:24 138 Š Nitric Oside Š Nutritional Support and Rehabiliation Š Malnutrition Š Clincal indications for nutritional support are Š Assessment and managemetn of nutrition Š Minerals and Trace Elements Š Zince deficiency Š Copper deficiency Š Tube enterostomy Š Jejunostomy is the prcedure of choice Š Enteral nutrition by gastrostomy Š Parenteral Nutrition Š Central venous catheter Š Home Parenteral nutrition Š Anaesthesia and Pain Relief Š Preparation for anaesthesia Š Preoperative Drugs and Treatment Š General Anaesthesia Š Induction of anaesthesia Š Maintenance of anesthesia Š How is IV anesthesia is given Š Neuromuscular blockade during surgery

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size SURGERY Lec 59 Š Haemostasis and blood pressure control 0:26:05 89.5 Š The common causes of failure to breather after Š General anaesthesia are Š Local Anaesthesia Š Epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia Š Local anaesthesia Š Bier's block Š Topical anaesthesia Š Local infiltration Š Advantageous for patients who have Š Intravenous regional anaesthesia Bier's block Principle of Biers block Š Potential complication of epidural opioid analgesia Š Epidural anesthesia(with bupivacaine or ropivicaine) Š Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia Š Chronic pain relief in Malignant Disease Š First rung Š Second rung Š Third rung

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ANESTHESIA

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Anesthesia Mock Tests Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

AIIMS Anesthesia Lec-01 0:41:23 141 Lec-02 0:37:23 128 Lec-03 0:30:37 105

Anesthesia Test 507 Lec-01 0:37:30 128 Lec-02 0:28:00 96.2

Anesthesia Notes

Anesthesia Notes No. of Pages = 10

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Subject Name Lecture Lecture Content Lecture File Number Duration Size

ANAESTHESIA Lec 01 Š Conscious sedation 0:40:25 138 Š IV Anaesthetics Š Gudel's Signs and Stages of Anaesthesia Š Rate at which an anesthetic reaches brain Š I.Solubility Š Elimination of Anesthetic Gases Š Halothane metabolism Š Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) Š N2O

Lec 02 Š Uses of inhalational anesthetics 0:40:03 137 Š Desflurane Š Seroflurane Š Thiopental Š IV Opioids - (Fentanyl) Š Ultra short acting barbiturates - Thiopental Š Effect of I.V anesthetics on CVS Š Neuroleptanesthesia Š Propofol Š Ketamine Š Local Anesthetics Š Ester linked Š Amide linked Š Pharmacokinetics of LA Š Metabolism & Excretion Š Mechanism of Action

Lec 03 Š Review on Nerve fibres 0:26:50 92 Š Susceptibility of Nerve fibre types to LAaction Š CVS effects of Local Anesthetics Š Liodocaine is antiarrhythmic Š Bupivacaine and Cardiotoxicity Š Hematologic effects of LA

Lec 04 Š Non Depolarizing Drugs 0:12:46 44 Š Vecuronium Š Rocuronium, Atracurium Š Depolarizing Drugs

Lec 05 Š Abnormal plasma cholinesterase Š Dibucaine number 0:45:14 154 Š Mechanism of Action Š Depolarizing agents Š Non Depolarizing Drugs Š Tubocurraraine Š Succinyl choline Š Drug Interactions of Muscle Relaxants Š Other uses of NM blocking drugs Š Spasmolytic drugs,Dantrolene

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RADIOLOGY

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Radiology Tests Topic Lecture Duration Size (MB)

Radiology Test Lec-01 0:42:28 145 Lec-02 0:40:00 136 Lec-03 0:39:08 134 Lec-04 0:24:00 82.4

Radiology Test 505 Lec-01 0:39:44 136 Lec-02 0:39:34 135 Lec-03 0:36:34 125

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MCQs

Content Of Dr. Murali Bharadwaz's E-Learning Material

Index For MCQs

MOCK TESTS Total No.of Mock Test 100 No.of Question in Each Mock Test 200 Total Size 49.2 GB Total duration 230 Hours Approx.

RECENT EXAMINATIONS

Name of the Exam Lecture Number Duration Size(MB) 2009 APPG 2009 APPG-2009 Lec 01 to Lec03 2:14:06 458 AIIMS May 2009 AIIMS May-2009 Lec01 to Lec03 2:01:07 414

2008 AIIMS Nov-2008 AIIMS Nov-2008 Lec01 to Lec04 2:15:33 463 AIPGEE 2008 AIPGEE 2008 Lec01 to Lec07 4:10:08 853 APPG 2008 APPG-2008 Lec 01 to Lec 04 2:22:10 485 Karnataka 2008 Karnataka-2008 Lec01 to Lec05 3:01:54 620.2 PGI Dec 2008 PGI Dec-2008 Lec01 to Lec03 1:49:18 373

2007 AIIMS May-2007 AIIMS May-2007 Lec01 to Lec05 3:17:40 836 AIIMS Nov-2007 AIIMS Nov-2007 Lec01 to Lec06 3:53:08 950 AIPGME-2007 AIPGME-2007 Lec01 to Lec11 5:57:17 1249.8 APPG-2007 APPG-2007 Lec01 to Lec04 2:50:34 589 Karnataka-2007 Karnataka-2007 Lec01 to Lec04 2:00:53 447.8 Orissa PG-2007 Orissa PG-2007 Lec01 to Lec06 3:31:50 746.5 PGI June-2007 PGI June-2007 Lec01 to Lec08 4:45:40 998.4 PGI Dec-2007 PGI Dec-2007 Lec01 to Lec04 2:32:28 534

2006 AIIMS May-2006 AIIMS May-2006 Lec01 to Lec09 4:58:41 1021 AIIMS Nov-2006 AIIMS Nov-2006 Lec01 to Lec09 5:42:20 1150 AIPGME-2006 AIPGME-2006 Lec01 to Lec09 5:49:14 1195 APPG-2006 APPG-2006 Lec01 to Lec08 4:27:21 1626 Karnataka-2006 Karnataka-2006 Lec01 to Lec04 2:15:39 466 Maharastra-2006 Maharastra-2006 Lec01 to Lec04 2:15:55 471 Manipal-2006 Manipal-2006 Lec01 to Lec04 2:39:00 542 PGI Dec-2006 PGI Dec-2006 Lec01 to Lec 11 7:15:15 1495 PGI June-2006 PGI June-2006 Lec01 to Lec 11 6:56:00 1429 UPSE 2006 UPSE-2006 Lec01 to Lec06 4:01:50 834

2005 AIIMS 2005 AIIMS-2005 Lec01 to Lec07 4:41:09 968 AIPGME 2005 AIPGME-2005 Lec01 to Lec03 1:56:16 405 APPG 2005 APPG-2005 Lec01 to Lec04 2:21:31 486 Maharastra 2005 Maharastra-2005 Lec01 to Lec04 2:35:00 528 Orissa PG-2005 Orissa PG-2005 Lec01 to Lec02 1:30:35 309 PGI 2005 PGI 2005 Lec01 to Lec10 6:33:24 2128

2004 APPG 2004 APPG-2004 Lec01 to Lec04 2:31:52 518 Karnataka 2004 Karnataka-2004 Lec01 Lec03 2:03:54 423 Orissa PG-2004 Orissa PG-2004 Lec01 to Lec03` 1:37:25 327

2003 Karnataka 2003 Karnataka-2003 Lec01 to Lec03 2:01:30 416

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