To Foraminiferal Abundance and Diversity in an Area of the Eastern Pacific Ocean Licensed for Polymetallic Nodule Exploration
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20. Infome Variabilidad Climatica 2019
ASPECTOS BIO-OCEANOGRÁFICOS OBSERVADOS EN DOS ESTACIONES 10 MILLAS COSTA AFUERA, DURANTE EL 2019 INTRODUCCIÓN El Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INP) a través de su programa Variabilidad Climática monitorea de manera mensual las condiciones oceanográficas (físico, químicas y biológicas) de dos estaciones ubicadas 10 millas fuera de la costa ecuatoriana; Puerto López y Salinas (Figura 1). El objetivo principal de este programa es analizar los procesos oceanográficos presentes en los ecosistemas marino-costeros, tomando en cuenta las variaciones espacio-temporales y productividad del océano. De esta manera, se busca relacionar la información obtenida durante las campañas con la distribución, abundancia y biomasa de los recursos pesqueros de interés comercial del país. El mar es un entorno dinámico, influenciado por la geografía del fondo marino y por el clima, de acuerdo a Riley & Chester (1989), los elementos nutritivos, se detectan en el mar en bajas y constantes concentraciones, puesto que las actividades de los organismos vivos produce solo un cambio pequeño o indetectable en su concentración, pero también son los responsables de la eliminación o excreción de cantidades considerables de micronutrientes en relación con la cantidad total presente; para Cushing et al., (1975), las concentraciones registrada de nutrientes, son consecuencia del proceso de producción y no a la inversa, cuya investigación tiene el carácter de una regresión inacabable. Estos constituyentes presentan una marcada variabilidad, la cual restringe la dinámica de exportaciones de nutrientes y carbono orgánico del margen costero ( Helmke et.al., 2005) estableciendo patrones diferentes de distribución que favorecerán la acumulación de nutrientes o la dispersión de los mismos, condiciones influenciadas por los cambios estacionales del viento, situación topográfica, y del sistema de intercambio y/o mezcla con la capa subsuperficial. -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 600:21
Vol. 600: 21–39, 2018 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 30 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12663 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Short-term processing of ice algal- and phytoplankton- derived carbon by Arctic benthic communities revealed through isotope labelling experiments Anni Mäkelä1,*, Ursula Witte1, Philippe Archambault2 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK 2Département de biologie, Québec Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada ABSTRACT: Benthic ecosystems play a significant role in the carbon (C) cycle through remineral- ization of organic matter reaching the seafloor. Ice algae and phytoplankton are major C sources for Arctic benthic consumers, but climate change-mediated loss of summer sea ice is predicted to change Arctic marine primary production by increasing phytoplankton and reducing ice algal contributions. To investigate the impact of changing algal C sources on benthic C processing, 2 isotope tracing experiments on 13C-labelled ice algae and phytoplankton were conducted in the North Water Polynya (NOW; 709 m depth) and Lancaster Sound (LS; 794 m) in the Canadian Arc- tic, during which the fate of ice algal (CIA) and phytoplankton (CPP) C added to sediment cores was traced over 4 d. No difference in sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC, indicative of total C turnover) between the background measurements and ice algal or phytoplankton cores was found at either site. Most of the processed algal C was respired, with significantly more CPP than CIA being released as dissolved inorganic C at both sites. Macroinfaunal uptake of algal C was minor, but bacterial assimilation accounted for 33−44% of total algal C processing, with no differences in bacterial uptake of CPP and CIA found at either site. -
Form and Function of F-Actin During Biomineralization Revealed from Live Experiments on Foraminifera
Form and function of F-actin during biomineralization revealed from live experiments on foraminifera Jarosław Tyszkaa,1, Ulf Bickmeyerb, Markus Raitzschc,d, Jelle Bijmac, Karina Kaczmarekc, Antje Mewesc, Paweł Topae, and Max Jansef aResearch Centre in Kraków, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-002 Kraków, Poland; bEcological Chemistry, Alfred-Wegener- Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; cMarine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz- Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; dInstitut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; eDepartment of Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-052, Kraków, Poland; and fBurgers’ Ocean, Royal Burgers’ Zoo, 6816 SH Arnhem, The Netherlands Edited by Lia Addadi, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and approved January 23, 2019 (received for review June 15, 2018) Although the emergence of complex biomineralized forms has Pioneers who studied living foraminifera described that been investigated for over a century, still little is known on how chamber formation was progressing on what they called “active single cells control morphology of skeletal structures, such as matrix” (15, 16). Hottinger (1) suggested that foraminiferal frustules, shells, spicules, or scales. We have run experiments on chamber morphology depended on the length of rhizopodia the shell formation in foraminifera, unicellular, mainly marine (branching pseudopodia) extruded from the previous chamber organisms that can build shells by successive additions of chambers. and supported by microtubular cytoskeleton. Recent investiga- We used live imaging to discover that all stages of chamber/shell tions on theoretical models of foraminiferal morphogenesis implied formation are controlled by dedicated actin-driven pseudopodial structures. -
Phytoplankton As Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate
sustainability Review Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate Samarpita Basu * ID and Katherine R. M. Mackey Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 January 2018; Accepted: 12 March 2018; Published: 19 March 2018 Abstract: The world’s oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The biological carbon pump plays a vital role in the net transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the oceans and then to the sediments, subsequently maintaining atmospheric CO2 at significantly lower levels than would be the case if it did not exist. The efficiency of the biological pump is a function of phytoplankton physiology and community structure, which are in turn governed by the physical and chemical conditions of the ocean. However, only a few studies have focused on the importance of phytoplankton community structure to the biological pump. Because global change is expected to influence carbon and nutrient availability, temperature and light (via stratification), an improved understanding of how phytoplankton community size structure will respond in the future is required to gain insight into the biological pump and the ability of the ocean to act as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. This review article aims to explore the potential impacts of predicted changes in global temperature and the carbonate system on phytoplankton cell size, species and elemental composition, so as to shed light on the ability of the biological pump to sequester carbon in the future ocean. -
Geologic Report for the Navarin Basin Planning Area, Bering Sea, A1 Aska
OCS Report MMS 85-0045 Geologic Report for the Navarin Basin Planning Area, Bering Sea, A1 aska Ronald F. Turner Gary C. Martin Tabe 0. Flett David A. Steffy edited by Ronald F. Turner United States Department of the Interior Mineral s Management Service Alaska OCS Region Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of these products by the Minerals Management Service. Engl ish-Metric Conversion (The following table gives the factors used to convert English units to metric units.) -- - -- - - - - -- multiply English units by to obtain metric units feet meters miles (statute) ki1 ometers acres hectares barrel s (U .S. petrol eum) 1i ters cubic meters inches centimeters pounds per gallon grams per cubic centimeter knots kilometers per hour miles per hour kilometers per hour square miles square ki1 ometers To convert from Fahrenheit (OF) to Celsius (OC), subtract 32 then divide by 1.8, - Abbreviations and Acronyms AAPG Arneri can As soci ati on of Petroleum Geol ogi sts aff. affinis (to have affinities with) APD Appl icdL ior~for Permit to Drill ARC0 Atlantic Richfield Company BHT Bottom Hole Temperature bop. before present BS R Bottom-Simulati ng Ref lector C carbon OC degrees Celsius CDP common depth point cf. confer (to be compared with) Co. Company c ommun . communication COST Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test 0 darcy, darci es D downthrown DS T Drill Stem Test e, E early, Early E east Abbreviations and Acronyms--Continued EA Environmental Assessment ed . edi tor(s ) , edited by " F degrees Fahrenheit fig. figure ft. -
1 1 Diversity and Spatial Patterns Of
1 1 Diversity and spatial patterns of foraminiferal assemblages in the eastern Clarion– 2 Clipperton Zone (abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific) 3 4 5 6 7 Aurélie Goineaua, Andrew J Gooday* 8 9 10 11 National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, 12 European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK 13 14 15 16 17 18 a Present address: 1, Rue du Champ de Foire, 44530 Guenrouët, France 19 20 *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.J. Gooday) 21 22 2 24 Abstract 25 Foraminifera are a major component of the abyssal meiofauna in parts of the eastern Pacific 26 Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) licensed by the International Seabed Authority for polymetallic 27 nodule exploration. We analysed the diversity and distribution of stained (‘live’) and unstained 28 (dead) assemblages (0-1 cm layer, >150-µm sieve fraction) in megacorer samples from 11 sites 29 (water depths 4051 - 4235 m) within three 30 x 30 km ‘strata’ in the United Kingdom 1 (UK1 30 Strata A and B; 5 and 3 samples, respectively) and Ocean Minerals Singapore (3 samples) 31 license areas and separated by distances of up to 28 km within a stratum and 224 km between 32 strata. Foraminiferal assemblage density, diversity and composition at the higher 33 taxon/morphogroup level were largely consistent between samples. Stained assemblages were 34 dominated (>86%) by single-chambered monothalamids, mainly spheres, tubes, komokiaceans 35 and forms that are difficult to categorise morphologically. Hormosinaceans were the most 36 common multichambered group (~10%), while calcareous taxa (mainly rotaliids) represented 37 only ~3.5% of stained tests. -
A Guide to 1.000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia
Jean-Pierre Debenay A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific New Caledonia PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSÉUM Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 1 A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 2 Debenay-1 7/01/13 12:12 Page 3 A Guide to 1,000 Foraminifera from Southwestern Pacific: New Caledonia Jean-Pierre Debenay IRD Éditions Institut de recherche pour le développement Marseille Publications Scientifiques du Muséum Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris 2012 Debenay-1 11/01/13 18:14 Page 4 Photos de couverture / Cover photographs p. 1 – © J.-P. Debenay : les foraminifères : une biodiversité aux formes spectaculaires / Foraminifera: a high biodiversity with a spectacular variety of forms p. 4 – © IRD/P. Laboute : îlôt Gi en Nouvelle-Calédonie / Island Gi in New Caledonia Sauf mention particulière, les photos de cet ouvrage sont de l'auteur / Except particular mention, the photos of this book are of the author Préparation éditoriale / Copy-editing Yolande Cavallazzi Maquette intérieure et mise en page / Design and page layout Aline Lugand – Gris Souris Maquette de couverture / Cover design Michelle Saint-Léger Coordination, fabrication / Production coordination Catherine Plasse La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n'autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l'article L. 122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d'autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans un but d'exemple et d'illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle, faite sans le consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l'article L. -
The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D. -
Intern Report
Insights from abyssal lebensspuren Jennifer Durden, University of Southampton, UK Mentors: Ken Smith, Jr., Christine Huffard, Katherine Dunlop Summer 2014 Keywords: lebensspuren, traces, abyss, megafauna, deposit-feeding, benthos, sediment ABSTRACT The seasonal input of food to the abyss impacts the benthic community, and changes to that temporal cycle, through changes to the climate and surface ocean conditions impact the benthic assemblage. Most of the benthic fauna are deposit feeders, and many leave traces (‘lebensspuren’) of their activity in the sediment. These traces provide an avenue for examining the temporal variations in the activity of these animals, with insights into the usage of food inputs to the system. Traces of a variety of functions were identified in photographs captured in 2011 and 2012 from Station M, a soft-sedimented abyssal site in the northeast Pacific. Lebensspuren creation, holothurian tracking, and lebensspuren duration were estimated from hourly time-lapse images, while trace densities, diversity and seabed coverage were assessed from photographs captured with a seabed- transiting vehicle. The creation rates and duration of traces on the seabed appeared to vary over time, and may have been related to food supply, as may tracking rates of holothurians. The density, diversity and seabed coverage by lebensspuren of different types varied with food supply, with different lag times for POC flux and salp coverage. These are interpreted to be due to selectivity of 1 deposit feeders, and different response times between trace creators. These variations shed light on the usage of food inputs to the abyss. INTRODUCTION Deep-sea benthic communities rely on a seasonal food supply of detritus from the surface ocean (Billett et al., 1983, Rice et al., 1986). -
Drivers and Effects of Karenia Mikimotoi Blooms in the Western English Channel ⇑ Morvan K
Progress in Oceanography 137 (2015) 456–469 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Oceanography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean Drivers and effects of Karenia mikimotoi blooms in the western English Channel ⇑ Morvan K. Barnes a,1, Gavin H. Tilstone a, , Timothy J. Smyth a, Claire E. Widdicombe a, Johanna Gloël a,b, Carol Robinson b, Jan Kaiser b, David J. Suggett c a Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK b Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK c Functional Plant Biology & Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia article info abstract Article history: Naturally occurring red tides and harmful algal blooms (HABs) are of increasing importance in the coastal Available online 9 May 2015 environment and can have dramatic effects on coastal benthic and epipelagic communities worldwide. Such blooms are often unpredictable, irregular or of short duration, and thus determining the underlying driving factors is problematic. The dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi is an HAB, commonly found in the western English Channel and thought to be responsible for occasional mass finfish and benthic mortali- ties. We analysed a 19-year coastal time series of phytoplankton biomass to examine the seasonality and interannual variability of K. mikimotoi in the western English Channel and determine both the primary environmental drivers of these blooms as well as the effects on phytoplankton productivity and oxygen conditions. We observed high variability in timing and magnitude of K. mikimotoi blooms, with abun- dances reaching >1000 cells mLÀ1 at 10 m depth, inducing up to a 12-fold increase in the phytoplankton carbon content of the water column. -
Form and Function of F-Actin During Biomineralization Revealed from Live Experiments on Foraminifera
Form and function of F-actin during biomineralization revealed from live experiments on foraminifera Jarosław Tyszkaa,1, Ulf Bickmeyerb, Markus Raitzschc,d, Jelle Bijmac, Karina Kaczmarekc, Antje Mewesc, Paweł Topae, and Max Jansef aResearch Centre in Kraków, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-002 Kraków, Poland; bEcological Chemistry, Alfred-Wegener- Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; cMarine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz- Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; dInstitut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; eDepartment of Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-052, Kraków, Poland; and fBurgers’ Ocean, Royal Burgers’ Zoo, 6816 SH Arnhem, The Netherlands Edited by Lia Addadi, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, and approved January 23, 2019 (received for review June 15, 2018) Although the emergence of complex biomineralized forms has Pioneers who studied living foraminifera described that been investigated for over a century, still little is known on how chamber formation was progressing on what they called “active single cells control morphology of skeletal structures, such as matrix” (15, 16). Hottinger (1) suggested that foraminiferal frustules, shells, spicules, or scales. We have run experiments on chamber morphology depended on the length of rhizopodia the shell formation in foraminifera, unicellular, mainly marine (branching pseudopodia) extruded from the previous chamber organisms that can build shells by successive additions of chambers. and supported by microtubular cytoskeleton. Recent investiga- We used live imaging to discover that all stages of chamber/shell tions on theoretical models of foraminiferal morphogenesis implied formation are controlled by dedicated actin-driven pseudopodial structures. -
Modelling an Alkenone-Like Proxy Record in the NW African Upwelling
Biogeosciences, 3, 251–269, 2006 www.biogeosciences.net/3/251/2006/ Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2006. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Modelling an alkenone-like proxy record in the NW African upwelling X. Giraud Research Center Ocean Margins, Universitat¨ Bremen, Postfach 330 440, 28 334 Bremen, Germany Received: 28 November 2005 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 27 January 2006 Revised: 16 May 2006 – Accepted: 30 May 2006 – Published: 21 June 2006 Abstract. A regional biogeochemical model is applied to temperature of these algae (Marlowe, 1984; Brassell et al., the NW African coastal upwelling between 19◦ N and 27◦ N 1986; Conte et al., 1998). Prahl et al. (1988) calibrated a lin- K0 to investigate how a water temperature proxy, alkenones, are ear relation between an unsaturation alkenone index (U37 ) produced at the sea surface and recorded in the slope sed- and the growth temperature of an E. huxleyi strain in cul- iments. The biogeochemical model has two phytoplankton ture experiments. It was then confirmed that this index could groups: an alkenone producer group, considered to be coc- be used in the open ocean to reconstruct SSTs from coretop colithophores, and a group comprising other phytoplankton. alkenone measurements (Muller¨ et al., 1998). K0 The Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) is used to In order to be used as a paleotemperature proxy, the U37 simulate the ocean circulation and takes advantage of the K0 has to fulfil certain criteria. The stability of the U37 signal Adaptive Grid Refinement in Fortran (AGRIF) package to in the water and sedimentary diagenesis are still questions.