Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (1): 49-66

Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net

Taxonomic studies of common genera and species of family Pseudococcidae (: Coccoidea) with a taxonomic key for the species in Egypt

Elham, Ae. Khalifa1; Iman, I. A. El-Sebaey2; Haggag, S. Zein3and Marwa, M. El-Deeb2 ¹Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. ²Survey and Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ³Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) are Article History phloem –sucking , most of them are important and Received: 2/1 / 2019 serious agricultural pests in Egypt. This study revealed the Accepted: 28 /2 /2019 presence of seven species (Dysmicoccus ______brevipes (Cockerell), Ferrisia virgata Cockerell, Planococcus Keywords citri (Risso), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) , Phenacoccus Pseudococcidae, parvus Morrison, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and morphology, mealybugs, Saccharicoccus sacchari Ferris ) infested different host plants taxonomic key, synonyms at different Governorates in Egypt. The present work included and geographical the identification based on (light and scanning) microscope as distribution. well as synonyms, host plants and geographical distributions of

these species. Also, a taxonomic key for these species was

provided.

Introduction Pseudococcids cause direct and indirect Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: damages, depending on the species and the Pseudococcidae) are speciose group of plant site used for feeding (Mani and Shivaraju, sap-sucking insects. It is considered the 2016). Recently, Pseudococcidae are second largest family of scale insects, with considered and identified as vectors of virus approximately 2,012 described species in diseases (Herrbach et al. (2016). more than 273 genera worldwide (Ben-Dov Two primary clades of Pseudococcidae et al., 2015). This family is more common in were recovered and classified into two the tropical, subtropical and temperate subfamilies, Phenacoccinae and regions (Ben-Dov, 1994). It is represented in Pseudococcinae. (Hardy et al. 2008). The Egypt by 50 species belonging to 29 genera taxonomic characters of this family are (Abd-Rabou et al., 2010). summarized: 1. have eight-segmented Pseudococcids have negative economic antennae. 2. Denticles are present on the impacts on a wide range of economic crops tarsal claws. sclerotised spiracles without as vegetables, orchids trees, ornamental pores inside the atria. 3. Sclerotised spiracles plants and green house crops. They feed by without pores inside the atria. 4. Ostioles are sucking – sap from the small phloem on characteristic of mealybugs, and occur as an different parts of plants including trunk, anterior and a posterior pair, and consist of roots, leaves, rachis, buds and fruits. groups of large setae. 5. Anal ring is located 49

Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (1): 49-66 between the two anal lobes (Cox, 1987). The specimens were picked off from the host aim of this work is to identifiy and redescribe plants individually with a very fine paint the most common Egyptian species of family brush wetted with 70% alcohol and preserved Pseudococcidae based on the taxonomic in 70% alcohol for slide and scanning morphological characters. electron microscopy preparation. Each Materials and methods specimen was labeled by the recorded Specimens of mealybug were collected information of the host plant and collecting from different Governorates of Egypt during date. The methods of preparation the 2015 to 2017 from the aerial parts of the specimens for light microscopic was carried economic crops and different ornamental out according to Ezz, (1982). The study of plant species. The specimens and parts of the scanning electron microscopic was carried infested plants were collected and placed in out according to (Sirisena et al., 2015). labeled plastic bags. In laboratory the Results and discussion Key to the investigated species of Family Pseudococcidae 1- Tarsal digitules setose; claw with denticle; quinquelocular pores present; antennae nine segmented; anal ring with dome-shaped; dorsal setae as spine …………………………………………………………………………………Phenacoccinae…2 -Tarsal digitules knobbed; claw without denticle; quinquelocular pores absent; antennae less than nine segmented; anal ring with setose-like spinules; dorsal setae like- hair………………………………….………………………………… …. Pseudoccoccinae….3 2.Quniquelocular pores present; legs with translucent pores on hind tibia only; discoidal pores absent; circulus small………………………………..…....Phenacoccus parvus Morrsion, 1924 -Quniquelocular pores absent; legs with translucent pores on meta femur and meta tibia; discoidal pores present; circulus large …………. ………..Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsly, 1898 3.Antannae 7- segments; circulus large as hourglass – shaped; last four abdominal segments with one long seta on lateral margins……………………..Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) -Antannae 8 segments,circulus small, last four abdominal segments without setae on lateral margins.…………………………………………………………..………..……………………..4 4.Cerarii body absent; dorsal tubular ducts large with orifices around sclerotized area, with one or more setae arise………………………………………..……Ferrisia virgate (Cockerell, 1893) -Cerarii body present, dorsal tubular ducts normally without orifices ……………………….…5 5.Cerarii body with 17 pairs; cerarius with stout conical setae; anal lobes with irregular sclerotized area……………...………….…………………Dysmicoccus brevipes (Ferris, 1950) -Cerarii body with 18 pairs, cerarius with conical setae, anal lobes with regular sclerotized area………………………………………………………………………………………….…...6 6.Dorsal setae stout; circulus quadrate shaped; translucent pores on hind coxa and tibia; ventral oral collar tubular ducts between antennae more five……………Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) -Dorsal setae slender; circulus broad shaped; translucent pores on hind coxa, femur and tibia; ventral oral collar tubular ducts between antennae less five...Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875)

Subfamily Pseudococcinae Cockerell; each surrounded by sclerotized area from Silvestri, 1911: 132 which one or more setae arise. This genus Genus: Ferrisia Fullaway, 1923 represented in Egypt by one species, Ferrisia Description virgata. Body oval elongate; legs normally; Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893) (Figures, claw without dentical; circulus present in all 1-2) species; with one pair of cerarii on anal lobs Synonyms: only; oral collar tubular duct with orifices Dactylopius segregatus Cockerell, 1893: 254. 50

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Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell, 1893: 178. setae.(Figure 1,c), two pairs of ostioles Dactylopius virgatus farinosus Cockerell, 1893: clearly developed.(Figure 2D) 178. Host plants: It was found on henna plant, Dactylopius virgatus humilis Cockerell, 1893: Lawsonia inermis, Fam. Lythraceae, 179. tickberry, Lantana camara, Fam. Dactylopius ceriferus Newstead, 1894: 24. Verbenaceae and rushfoil, Croton sp., Fam. Dactylopius talini Green, 1896: 7. Euphorbiaceae. Dactylopius setosus Hempel, 1900: 386. Distribution Pseudococcus virgatus; Kirkaldy, 1902: 103. Egypt: Cairo, Giza, Assiout, Qena, Dactylopius magnolicida King, 1902a: 616. Ismailiya, Port-said, and Suez. Pseudococcus magnolicida; Cockerell, 1902: World: this species is distributed in the 252. following zoogeographic regions: Pseudococcus virgatus farinosus; Cockerell, Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, 1902: 252. Oriental and Nearctic Pseudococcus segregatus; Fernald, 1903: 109. Genus: Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1950 Pseudococcus virgatus humilis; Fernald, 1903: Description 111. Body oval to circular, legs developed, Dactylopius virgatus madagascariensis Newstea claw without dintical, tarsal claws elongate d, 1908: 7. sometimes, hind legs with translucent pores; Pseudococcus marchali Vayssiere, 1912: 366. Circulus present or absent; Cerarii 4-17 pairs, Pseudococcus virgatus madagascariensis; each cerarius with two or more conical setae, Lindinger, 1913: 68. provided with few auxiliary setae and Pseudococcus bicaudatus Keuchenius, 1915: 49. trilocular pores; Multilocular pores present or Ferrisia virgata; Fullaway, 1923: 308. absent dorso-venterally. Ferrisiana virgata; Takahashi, 1929: 429. Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, Heliococcus malvastrus McDaniel, 1962: 323. 1893)(Figure, 3) Ferrisiana setosus; Ali, 1970a: 108. Synonyms: Ferrisia neovirgata Khalid & Shafee, 1988: 71. Dactylopius bromeliae; Signoret, 1875: 310. Dactylopius cerciferus; Tao, 1999: 14. Pseudococcus brevipes; Fernald, 1903: 98. Description Pseudococcus bromeliae; Fernald, 1903: 98. Adult female body shaped oval Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) ananassae Kuwan elongate, greyish-yellow, length 4.5 mm and a, 1909: 162. width 2.51 mm, with one pair of anal lobes Pseudococcus missionum Cockerell, 1910: 113. cerarii only; (Figure1d). Antennae 8- Pseudococcus bromeliae; Hempel, 1912: 24. segmented, measurements; in microns as Pseudococcus palauensis Kanda, 1933: 135. follows: I (62.5); II (70.8); III (92.5); IV Pseudococcus longirostralis James, 1936: 207. (55); V (64.2); VI (63.3); VII (60.8) and VIII Pseudococcus defluiteri Betrem, 1937: 43. (126.7). (Figure 1a – 2a). Legs normally Pseudococcus pseudobrevipes Mamet, 1941b: developed, measurements of hind leg, in 58 microns, as follows: coxae (153.2); Dysmicoccus brevipes; Moghaddam, 2009: 34. trochanter (96); femur (285.3); tibia (295); Description tarsus (108.5) and claw (24.8) without Adult female Body oval circular, dark denticle (Figure1b-2C), circulus moderately orange, length 5.4 mm and width 3.9 mm, large, oral collar duct that continues into dorsum covered with thin layer of white wax, sclerotized area which surrounds the opening body margins with 17 pairs of cerarii, each of the duct, this orifice is variable in size but cerarius with two large conical setae and is usually approximately circular, flat and cluster of trilocular pores(Figure 3d), associated with 1-5 short slender antennae 8- segmented, measurements in microns, as follows: I (55.8); II (50); III (40); 51

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IV (30); V (32.5); VI (34.2); VII (37.5) and Host plant: it was found on date palm tree, VIII (76.7).(Figure3b). Legs normally small, Phoenix dactylifera, Fam. Arecaceae. measurements of hind leg, in microns, as Distribution follows: coxea (97.5); trochanter (75); femur Egypt: Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Fayoum, (197.5); tibia (161.7); tarsus (80.8) and claw and North Sina (27.5) without "denticle" (Figure3 c), Hind World: this species is distributed in the coxae and tibia with translucent pores. following zoogeographic regions: Abdominal segmented 4 and 5 with large Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, oval circulus and divided by intersegmental Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical. line (Figure 3e). Anal ring normally small and circular.

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a Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (1): 49-66 Genus: Planococcus Ferris, 1950 Planococcus cucurbitae Ezzat & McConnell, Description 1956: 71. Body oval shaped, marginal provided with 18 Description pairs of cerarii, anal lobes cerarii with auxiliary Adult female body oval shaped, body setae, antennae 8 segmented, claws without pink or orange brown in color, length denticles, hind legs with translucent pores on 2.63mm and width 1.6 mm, dorsum covered coxa and tibiae sometimes on hind femora, with powdery white wax except central circulus quadrate shaped, multilocular disc pores longitudinal stripe, body margins with 18 and trilocular disc pores present dorso-venterally, pairs of distinct cerarii, , anal lobe cerarii quinquelocular disc pores and oral rim tubular with auxiliary setae(Figure 4C), antennae 8- ducts absent, ventrally oral collar tubular ducts segmented, measurements in microns, as present. This genus is represented in Egypt by follows: I (50.83); II (54.2); III (50.8); IV two species (35); V (36.6); VI (34.2); VII (39.2) and VIII Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Figure, 4). (86.7).(Figure 4A). Legs normally Synonyms: developed, measurements of hind leg, in Dorthesia citri Risso, 1813: 416. microns, as follows: coxea (87.5); trochanter Coccus tuliparum Bouche, 1844: 301. (84.2); femur (178.3); tibia (183.3); tarsus Coccus citri; Boisduval, 1867: 348. (85.8) and claw (26.6) without denticle, hind Coccus citry; Alfonso, 1875: 428. coxae and tibia with translucent pores. Dactylopius alaterni Signoret, 1875: 309. (Figure4B). circulus large and quadrate Dactylopius ceratoniae Signoret, 1875: 311. shaped. (Figure 4E). ostioles distinct (Figure Dactylopius citri; Signoret, 1875: 312. 4D). Oral collar-tubular duct in two sizes Dactylopius citri; Signoret, 1875: 312. ventrally, the smaller ducts distributed in Dactylopius cyperi Signoret, 1875: 314. rows over median area of abdominal Dactylopius robiniae Signoret, 1875: 322. segments (from 3 to 8), larger ducts Dactylopius tuliparum; Signoret, 1875: 323. distributed in groups on marginal body, and Lecanium phyllococcus Ashmead, 1879: 160. sparsely between antennae and middle coxa Coccus citry; Targioni Tozzetti, 1881: 134. of lateral margins. Dactylopius brevispinus Targioni Tozzetti,1881: 137. Host plant: It was found on sand croton Dactylopius destructor Comstock, 1881: 342. plant, Croton glandulosus, Fam. Dactylopius farinosus; Cockerell, 1898: 109. Euphorbiaceae, bitter orange tree, Citrus Dactylopius secretus Hempel, 1900: 387. aurantium, Fam. Rutaceae, king orange tree, Phenacoccus spiriferus Hempel, 1900: 389. Citrus nobilis, Fam. Rutaceae, and grape vine Phenacoccus spiniferus; Hempel, 1901: 110. plant, Vitis vinifera, Fam. Vitaceae. Pseudococcus citri; Cockerell, 1902: 252. Distribution Pseudococcus cyperi; Fernald, 1903: 101.. Egypt: Alexandria, Cairo, Beheira, Pseudococcus robiniae; Fernald, 1903: 108. Benisuef, Dakahhliya, El wadi el guided, Pseudococcus tuliparum; Fernald, 1903: 111. Fayoum, Gharbiya, Gize, Ismailiya, Qena, Pseudococcus alaterni; Fernald, 1903: 97. Minya, Port-said, Qalyubiya and Sharqiya. Pseudococcus ceratoniae; Fernald, 1903: 99. World: this species is distributed in the Pseudococcus citri coleorum Marchal, 1908: 236. following zoogeographic regions: Dactylopius (Trechocorys) citri; Newstead, 1908: 9. Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, Pseudococcus citri phenacocciformisBrain,1915: 116. Oriental and Nearcti Planococcus citri; Ferris, 1950: 165. Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875)(Figure, 5) Planococcoides cubanensis Ezzat&McConnell,1956: Synonyms: 53. Coccus vitis; Nedzilskii, 1869: 19. Planococcus citricus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 69. Dactylopius vitis; Lichtenstein, 1870: L. Dactylopius ficus Signoret, 1875: 315. 54

Khalifa et al., 2019 Dactylopius vitis Signoret, 1875: 324. Host plant it was found on grape vine plant, Dactylopius subterraneus Hempel, 1900: 388. Vitis vinifera, Fam. Vitaceae. Pseudococcus ficus; Fernald, 1903: 101. Distribution Pseudococcus vitis Fernald, 1903: 112. Egypt: Cairo, Fayoum, and Gize Coccus vitis; Lindinger, 1912: 365. World: this species is distributed in the Pseudococcus vitis Leonardi, 1920: 408. following zoogeographic regions: Pseudococcus citrioides Ferris, 1922: 208. Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, Pseudococcus vitis Bodenheimer, 1924: 84. Oriental and Nearcti Pseudococcus citri; Balachowsky & Mesnil, Genus: Saccharicoccus Ferris, 1950 1935: 729. Description Coccus vitis Borchsenius, 1949: 132. Body elongate and oval shaped, marginal Dactylopius ficus; Borchsenius, 1949: 132. without cerarii, anal lobes cerarii present, Planococcus citrioides; Ferris, 1950: 164. antennae 7 segmented, legs normall and Planococcus vitis Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: short, claws without denticles, dorsally with 103. two pairs of ostioles, circulus: hour- glass Planococcus ficus; Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: shaped and large, anal ring normally, 79. multilocular disc pores present dorso- Pseudococcus praetermissus Ezzat, 1962: 165. ventrally, tubular ducts present ventrally. Planococcus vitis Matile-Ferrero, 1984: 227. This genus is represented in Egypt by one Planococcus ficus; Moghaddam, 2009: 34. species Saccharicoccus sacchari. Common name: Grapevine mealybug. Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, Description 1895)(Figures, 6-7) Adult female body oval shaped and Synonyms: concave in lateral view, Body pink or orange Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, 1895a: 195. brown in color, length 2.74 mm and width Pseudococcus sacchari; Cockerell, 1902: 1.5mm, body dorsum covered with powdery 252. white wax except central longitudinal stripe Dactylopius sacchari brasiliensis van down not as on Planococcus citri, body Gorkum, 1913: 29. marginal provided with 18 pairs of distinct Trionymus calceolariae; Fullaway, 1923: cerarii, usually each cerarius with two short 308. conical setae and few number of trilocular Trionymus sacchari; Fullaway, 1923: 308. pores, except cerarius on head and thorax Erium sacchari; Lindinger, 1935: 122. which provided with long and slender setae, Trionymus praegrandis James, 1936: 200. anal lobe cerarii with auxiliary setae.(Figure Trionymus sacchari; Zimmerman, 1948: 5d). Antennae 8- segmented; measurements, 266. in microns, as follows: I (36.7); II (41.7); III Saccharicoccus sacchari; Ferris, 1950: 217. (43.3); IV (29.2); V (30); VI (32.5); VII Soccharicoccus sacchari; Tang, 2001: 3. (47.5) and VIII (90.3). (Figure5a). Legs Common name: Pink sugar cane mealybug normally developed, measurements of hind Description leg, in microns, as follows: coxea (55.8); Adult female Body pink elongate and trochanter (43.4); femur (125); tibia (111.7); broadly oval; length 6.3 mm, width 3.75 mm; tarsus (75); and claw (25.8) without body cerarii absent, anal lobe cerarius "denticle"(Figur 5c), hind coxae, femur and associated with two small conical setae, two tibiae with translucent pores usually. (Figure pairs of clearly developed ostioles, antennae 5e). Abdominal segmented 4th & 5th with normally, 7- segmented,(Figure 6a-7A) large circulus and broad in shaped. Anal ring measurements in microns, as follows: I normally small circular and with 3 pairs of (56.7); II (52.7); III (45.8); IV (55.8); V long setae. (Figure5f). (32.5); VI (42.5); and VII (79.2).Legs relatively small, measurements of hind leg, in 55

Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (1): 49-66 microns, as follows: coxea (117.3); Host plant: it was found on sugar cane plant, trochanter (70.8); femur (204.1); tibia Saccharum officinarum, Fam. Poaceae. (146.7); tarsus (85); and claw(27.5), Distribution combined tibia and tarsus are shorter than Egypt: Beni Suef, Qena, and Minya. combined trochanter and femur, claw without World: this species is distributed in the "denticle ", hind leg with translucent pores. following zoogeographic regions: (Figure 6 b-7B) Abdominal segmented 4th & Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, 5th with circular as hour- glass shaped, Oriental and Nearcti (Figure 6d-7D) last four abdominal Subfamily Phenacoccinae šulc, 1944: 152 segmented provided with long setae laterally, and equal in size at segments 7th & 8th, but smaller on segment 6th, (Figure 6c-7C).

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Genus: Phenacoccus Cockerell, 1893 normally developed, measurements of hind a 100 µm b Antennae 8- Description leg, in microns, as follows: coxea (237.5); Body oval and globular shape, trochanter (129.2); femur (285); tibia (290); segmented marginal provided with 8-18 pairs of cerarii, tarsus (115); and claw (30.8) with each cerarius with two conical setae, anal "denticle",(Figure 8b-9C,D) apex of meta lobes cerarii with auxiliary setae, antennae 9 femur and meta tibia with translucent pores. segmented, legs normally, claw with dentical, Segments 4th &5th with more oval and larger hind legs with translucent pores, dorsally two circulus. (Figure 8d-9G), Anal ring normally pairs of ostioles, circulus absent or present circular with 3 pairs of long setae,(Figure with different shapes and size, anal lobe bars 8,c). multilocular pores present only ventrally absent, anal ring normal, multilocular disc in groups around vulva, (Figure 8e-9H), pores present venterally, present or absent on ostioles developed and represent dorsally, quinquelocular pores and trilocular dorsally.(Figure 9E). disc pores present venterally, ,discoidal pores Host plants: it was found on okra plant, sometimes apparent, oral rim tubular ducts Abelmoschus esculentus, Fam. Malvaceae, absent, oral collar tubular duct present dorso- extra-long staple cotton plant, venterally, body setae different type barbadense, Fam. Malvaceae, corn plant, Zea (flagellate on venter and small and lanceolate mays, Fam. Poaceae, eggplant, Solanum on dorsal). This genus is represented in this melongena, Fam. Solanaceae. studied by two species Phenacoccus Distribution solenopsis, Phenacoccus parvus, and for first Egypt: Alexandria, Beheira, Cairo, Giza, and time these taxa described in Egypt. Qalyubiya. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsly, 1898 World: this species is distributed in the (Figures, 8-9) following zoogeographic regions: Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898: 47. Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, Phenacoccus cevalliae Cockerell, 1902a: 315. Oriental and Nearcti Phenacoccus gossypiphilous Abbas, Arif & Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, 1924 Saeed, 2005: 83. (Figure, 10) Phenacoccus gossypiphilous Arif, Abbas & Synonyms: Saeed, 2007: 3. Phenacoccus parvus Morrison 1924: 147. Phenacoccus gossypiphilous Abbas, Arif, Phenacoccus surinamensis Green 1933: 51. Saeed & Karar, 2008: 103. Common name: Lantana mealybug Description Description Adult female large species, body generally Adult female Large species generally; oval shaped and membranous, (Figure 9A) body oval shaped, often flattened dorso- .length 3.025 mm, width 2.03 mm, dark ventrally and membranous, light yellow in green, almost black, body dorsum covered color, body dorsum covered with thin with thin powdery secretion, and dark spots powdery secretion, Body length 3.36 mm, on segments of thorax and abdomen, body and width 2.2 mm, Body with 18 pairs of marginal with 18 pairs of cerarii, each cerarii, around margins, each cerarius with cerarius with two small conical setae (Figure two small conical setae, and associated with 9F), and associated by few trilocular pores, few trilocular pores, body setae short and dorsal body setae small and lanceolate, stout. Antennae 9-segmented; measurements quinquelocular pores absent. antennae 9 in microns; as follows: I (62.1); II (92.3); III segmented;the measurements in microns; as (62.4); IV (59.3); V (64.9); VI (55.06); VII follows: I (56.8); II (90.8); III (63.3); IV (51.5); VIII (41.4); IX and (76.8).(Figure (58.3); V (63.3); VI (55); VII (50.8); VIII 10a). Legs normally developed; (40.8); and IX (75).(Figure 8a-9B)Legs measurements of hind leg, in microns, as 59

Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2019), 2 (1): 49-66 follows: coxea (231.5); trochanter (122.6); Host plants: it was found on tick berry plant, femur (273.4); tibia (288.7); tarsus (116.1) Lantana camara, Fam. Verbenaceae and claw (25.2) with minute tooth on plantar Distribution surface of the claw "denticle", (Figure 10 b), Egypt: Cairo, Giza. hind tibia with translucent pores; World: this species is distributed in the quinquelocular pores present ventrally. following zoogeographic regions: (Figure 10e). Abdominal segments 4th & 5th Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Australasian, with oval and small circular (Figure 10 c). Oriental and Nearcti

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Figure (9): Scanning electron micrographs of Phenacoccus solenopsis, showing, A: Adult female, B: Antennae, C: Claw, D: Tarsal digitules, E: Ostioles. F: Cerarius with two conical setae and trilocular pores, G: Circulus, H: Vulva.

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