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5Th World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic July 2018 | Volume: 5 | ISSN: 2469-410X conferenceseries LLC Ltd Journal of Lasers, Optics and Photonics Open Access Proceedings of th 5 World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic Conference Series LLC Ltd 47 Churchfield Road, London, W36AY, UK, Toll Free: +44-20 3936 3178 Ext: 7085 Euro Physics 2018 5th World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic KEYNOTE FORUM DAY 1 Štefan Zajac, J Laser Opt Photonics 2018, Volume:5 DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X-C2-025 5th World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic Štefan Zajac Czech Technical University, Czech Republic Physics and Prague hysics has been cultivated in Prague since at least 1348, when a University was founded here by Emperor Charles IV. At Pthe beginning the main emphasis was on Astronomy. First astronomers Křišťan from Prachatice (1360 – 1439) and Jan Ondřejov Šindel (1375 – 1456) in co-operation with clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň around 1410 had designed and installed the astronomical clock placed on the Old Town Hall tower in Prague. Astronomer and Chief Physician Tadeuš Hájek of Hájek (1525-1600) had inluenced Emperor Rudolph II to invite Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601) and Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) to come to Prague where the first two of his laws of planetary motion have been formulated. Jan Marcus Marci of Kronland (1595 – 1667), a physicist, physician and rector of Prague University made original research in mechanics (impact of bodies) and optics (diffraction of light, explanation of rainbow). In the middle of the 18th century at the Clementinum, the Jesuit College, physicist Josef Stepling (1716 -1778) and his successors at the Prague Faculty of Philosophy promoted Newtonian Physics . Christian Doppler (1803 – 1853) as professor at Prague Polytechnic in 1842 published important phenomenon of the frequency shift due to the velocity of the source of waves relative to the observer. His younger colleague Bohumil Kučera (1874 – 1921) had started pioneering research in radioactivity and had inspired professor Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967) to develop polarography for which he in 1959 earned Nobel Prize for chemistry. The most prominent personality Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) was appointed professor of theoretical physics at the German University of Prague in the period 1911 – 1912 when he already prepared the formulation of general theory of relativity. After World War II leading professors of physics have been Viktor Trkal (1888 – 1956) , Václav Petržílka (1905 – 1976), Václav Votruba ( 1909 – 1990) and Zdeněk Matyáš (1914-1957). Later have been recognized many specialists in nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, plasma physics and solid state physics working at Universities and at the Institutes of newly founded Academy of Sciences. After Soviet invasion to Czechoslovakia in 1968 many well known physicists have emigrated and have made successful scientific research abroad. In the final etape – Velvet Revolution in 1989, the division of Czechoslovakia into Czech and Slovak Republics in 1993 and the entrance of Czech Republic to European Union in 2004, our physicists have generated new trends in up-to-date scientific research, education and application in physics together with extension of international cooperation. Biography Štefan Zajac has completed his Ing. study at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague in 1961 and CSc. study at Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University in Prague in 1976. He was appointed Associate Professor of theoretical physics in 1988. He has published more then 50 papers in scientific journals and about 50 reports and reviews. He has been President of the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists in 1993-1996 and 2002-2010. From 1993 untill now he is the Member of the Steering Committee of the Association of Innovative Entrepreneurship of the Czech Republic. [email protected] Notes: Journal of Lasers, Optics and Photonics Volume 5 ISSN : 2469-410X Euro Physics 2018 July 17-18, 2018 Page 20 Michael Baer, J Laser Opt Photonics 2018, Volume:5 DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X-C2-025 5th World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic Michael Baer The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel ++ ++ Topological study of the H3 molecular system: H3 as a cornerstone for building molecules during the Big Bang he present study is devoted to the possibility that tri-atomic molecules were formed during or shortly after the Big Bang. For this purpose we consider the ordinary H + and H molecular systems and the primitive tri-atomic molecular system, T 3 3 ++ H3 , which, as is shown, behaves differently. The study is carried out by comparing the topological features of these systems ++ as they are reflected through their non-adiabatic coupling terms. AlthoughH 3 is not known to exist as a molecule, we found that it behaves as such at intermediate internal distances. However, this illusion breaks down as its asymptotic region is + ++ reached. Our study indicates that whereas H3 and H3 dissociate smoothly, the H3 does not seem to do so. Nevertheless, the ++ fact that H3 is capable of living as a molecule on borrowed time enables it to catch an electron and form a molecule via the reaction H ++ + e H + that may dissociate properly: 3 Y 3 ++ Thus, the two unique features acquired byH 3 , namely, that it is the most primitive system formed by three protons and one electron and topologically, still remain for an instant a molecule, may make it the sole candidate for becoming the cornerstone for creating the molecules. Corollary – NACTs as Gluons: In order to discuss the buildup of protons Gell-mann and Zweig suggested that Hadrons (e.g. protons) are made out of smaller particles called Quarks. Quarks (usually three of them) are assumed to be hold together by particles - Gluons - that convey the force among them. In the present case, we face a similar problem, viz., building-up a molecular system out of protons and electrons. Indeed the Born-Oppenheimer-Huang (BOH) approach supplies us with the means to build the required magnitudes- the NACTs - as discussed in the above Molec. Phys. Article. Thus, the NACTs stand for the gluon that enforces the nuclei to form the molecule. Biography Michael Baer is currently working as Adjunct Professor at Fritz-Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel. He got his Post-doc at the Department of Chemistry in University of Houston, USA. Later, he became Research Fellow at the A A Noyes Lab of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technol- ogy, Pasadena, California. After Mandatory retirement in 2001, he has been travelling all over the world and served as Guest Professor in IISER India, Free University of Berlin in Germany, University of Debrecen in Hungary, University of Houston in USA and Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in USA, etc. He has published 4 books and about 335 publications in reviewed journals. Notes: [email protected] Journal of Lasers, Optics and Photonics Volume 5 ISSN : 2469-410X Euro Physics 2018 July 17-18, 2018 Page 21 Leonid Ponomarev, J Laser Opt Photonics 2018, Volume:5 DOI: 10.4172/2469-410X-C2-025 5th World Congress on Physics July 17-18, 2018 Prague, Czech Republic Leonid Ponomarev A A Bochvar High-Technology Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials, Russia Fast reactor with liquid U-Pu fuel: Its applications and fuel cycle Fast reactor is the necessary element of the future nuclear power. But the contemporary fast reactors are not inherently safe (in Weinberg’s definition) and have the serious problems with the fuel nuclear cycle closing, the low fuel element burning and their repeated fabrication from the hot spent fuel. Molten salt reactors (MSR) are free from these shortages. Their void and temperature coefficients are negative; they do not need in the fuel elements fabrication and give the opportunity to organize online hot spent fuel reprocessing. First MSR was in operation during almost 5 years with Th-U fuel and thermal neutron spectrum, which is adequate for this fuel (MSRE, Oak Ridge, 1964-1969). However its neutron balance is poor in comparison with U-Pu fuel and fast neutron spectrum. This is impossible to combine all three ideas (fast spectrum, molten salt and U-Pu fuel) yet because the PuF3 solubility in the fluoride salts is too less. Five years ago it was established experimentally that PuF3, UF4 and AmF3 solubility in the eutectic 46.5 mol% LiF-11.5 mol% NaF-42.0 mol% KF (FLiNaK) are equal to 33, 45 and 43 mol% respectively at 700°C. This observation opens the way for the development of the fast molten salt reactor with U-Pu fuel cycle (U-Pu FMSR) as well as the effective FMSR reactor-burner of Am. U-Pu FMSR based on FLiNaK can work in the equilibrium mode at the concentration UF4 and PuF3 22 and 7 mole% respectively using as a fuel 238U only. FMSR reactor-burner can transmute ~300 kg Am/year·MWth without Pu feeding, i.e., one GWth FMSR-burner can disintegrate Am from the spent fuel of ~40 standard 1 GWe thermal reactors after 5 years of cooling. Biography Leonid Ponomarev graduated from Physics Division of Moscow State University in 1963. He has completed his PhD in 1966 and Doctors degree in Nuclear Physics in the year 1971 at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. At present, he is the Principal Expert of A A Bochvar Institute in Moscow, Professor and Member of Russian Academy of Sciences. He is an Expert in Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Muon Catalyzed Fusion. He is the Scientific Leader of the Research Program of the Fast Molten Salt Reactor Development.
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