Play Book • December 2013

Home , Act of Accord, Battle of Barnet, Battle of Blore Heath, Battle of Wakefield

Living Play Book • December 2013

PLAY BOOK Table of Contents

PB 1.0 Optional Rules...... 2 PB 5.0 Example of Play...... 13 PB 2.0 Game Setup...... 4 PB 6.0 Historical Notes...... 19 PB 3.0 Scenarios...... 4 PB 7.0 Expanded Sequence of Play...... 28 PB 4.0 Designer Notes...... 11

This is the “Living Play Book” document for the game. It includes errata and clarifications to the original rules. To aid readability, errata is indicated in blue text.

GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com 2 Crown of Roses Play Book

Example: On Turn 3, March is the Senior York Heir, but Rivers is currently not controlled by York; though York has influence placed on him, as well as Warwick. As such, York loses one Popular Support at the beginning of the King Phase but the IPs placed on Warwick are subject to no negative modifier. On Turn 4, assuming Rivers is still controlled by York, York will have to place at least one (1) IP on Warwick or lose him during the Parliament Phase (3 pro-York Roses – 4 [Game Turn] equals negative 1).

PB 1.3 Distrustful Margaret Rule (Historical Rule) Queen Margaret was very distrustful of Henry Holland, the Duke of Exeter (Exeter Block), especially early in the conflict, as Exeter was Henry VI’s immediate Heir at the time. Because of this mistrust (which turned out to be misplaced), Exeter cannot Lead any non-Office Blocks for Movement or Combat while Margaret is In-Play in England (i.e., not in Exile).

PB 1.4 Shared Estates Some Nobles/Heirs may treat Home Estates of some other PB 1.0 Optional Rules Nobles/Heirs as if they were their own Home Estate, in all respects and for all game purposes. They may share Estates PB 1.1 Force Exhaustion according to the following list: This rule simulates the possibility that both armies will be too • Henry VI and his Host Block, Margaret and her Host Block, exhausted and/or too weak to continue with a Battle. If, dur- and Prince Edward (Lancaster Block) may share Estates (this ing any Combat Round, both forces roll no hits, both sides are is in addition to being able to use the Red Rose Lancaster considered to be “exhausted”. The Battle ends and the Attacker Estates). must Retreat, if possible. If he cannot Retreat, the Defender may Retreat if he has a valid Retreat path. If the Defender chooses • Salisbury, Warwick, and Montague may share Estates if the not to Retreat, then the Attacker moves all his Blocks to his same Player controls the Blocks who are sharing. Undeclared Pool. This is in addition to any Nobles that share a shield icon on their Blocks. Placement is still subject to the restrictions in the PB 1.2 Woodville Rule (Historical Rule) normal rules (7.2.6). While March is the Senior York Heir, at the beginning of each King Phase (before resolving any actions of the King PB 1.5 Team Games Phase), the York Player must check to see if he controls the It is possible for Players to play the game as teams. In a four- Rivers Noble Block. player game, there will be two teams of two. A three-player If York does not control Rivers, York loses one (1) Popular game can also be used for team play, and this is especially Support. useful if one player is more experienced (the less experienced players each play one half of one team). Teams can consist of If York does control Rivers, York suffers the following pen- any two Houses (exception: Lancaster and York may never be alty: for each of the Warwick (blue background) Nobles, York on the same team, and Buckingham and Warwick may never is considered to have a negative influence modifier equal to the be on the same team). current Game Turn number. Team games use all of the standard rules, except as noted here: When resolving the Gather Supporter’s Phase, check the net bid amount for each Warwick Noble influenced OR controlled • Each Player in a team functions as a separate entity, with by York (even if no IP Markers are placed on those Nobles – this individual turns and separate hands. Each will have his own is different than in the normal rules!). If the net bid amount is pool of Influence Points. negative, York loses control of that Noble and places him next • Team members cannot engage in combat against their partner. to the game board as an Inactive Noble (obviously, if another They cannot Intercept, Evade, or otherwise avoid forces be- Player had successfully influenced the Noble, it would be placed longing to their partner (e.g., by Card play). Blocks belonging with that Player’s In-Play Nobles, instead). to a Player’s partner are considered Friendly. Remember: In a four-player game, Warwick Heirs cannot be influenced at all.

• Any Shire that is Friendly for either partner is considered An Economic Victory counts all areas held by the team (sum Friendly for both partners, except for the purposes of Influ- the values for each partner), but Automatic Victory is always ence and Military Victory. Each Player tracks his control of per the 2-player level (i.e. 14 VP’s). Political Victories require Shires separately for Economic Victory and for determining one (1) additional Turn as King for the team (note: Turns with new IPs. Control is determined by whichever partner has either partner being King count) and count all Nobles controlled the most Blocks in the Shire, ties resolved per the normal tie by the team (sum the number for each partner). breaking rules (10.5.1). Example: Lancaster and Buckingham are a team against York • In Combat, each partner may contribute some forces to the in a 3-player game. For them to achieve a Military Victory, active Battle. One Player must contribute the Leader Block, as they would need to control the six York-loyal Shires while he would with any Battle. Each Player decides which Blocks maintaining control of at least four Shires loyal to each of he is willing to contribute separately, but the total number of Lancaster and Buckingham. Blocks picked for the Main Force may not exceed the Com- mand Rating of the Leader Block. Blocks in excess of this • Each Player in a team can also win an individual Military, value are placed in the Reserves, as normal. Reinforcements Economic or Political Victory if he meets the criteria as set arrive as normal, but from both partner’s forces. forth in the scenario instruction. • Retreats in combat are at the discretion of the House con- • Remember: In team play, Lancaster can never partner with trolling the Leader Block, only. Each Player may Retreat to York, and Buckingham can never partner with Warwick. a different location, as long as he has a valid Retreat path. Remember: Blocks belonging to the Player’s partner are PB 1.6 IP Collection/Usage considered Friendly. If you find that you want even more voting, deal making and backstabbing among Players, make the following slight change • The decision to conduct a Battle Charge is at the discretion of to how IPs are collected and used. In the Influence Phase, when the House controlling the Leader Block (only), but is limited you calculate the number of IPs you are to gain, mark this with to one (1) Heir, per the normal rules. The Leader Block may your small cylinder as usual. However, do not collect these select a partner’s Heir to Charge, but the partner may decline new IPs at this point. to Charge if he desires. Next, calculate your total available votes and mark this total as • Each partner rolls the damage dice for his own Blocks. The normal. Then, collect a number of IP Markers from your Un- combined total is applied to the enemy force. claimed Pool equal to this total (important: keep these separate • Damage is distributed between the partners according to the from your Stock IPs!). Determine the King as normal, voting standard rules, with the House controlling the Leader Block based on your total votes recorded above. determining ties. After determining the new King, each Player uses these separate • In a joint combat force, each Player keeps his own Blocks in IP Markers as “Votes” during the upcoming Office Phase to front of himself. bid on the various Offices. I.e., true IP Markers are now only • In team play, each partner’s Heirs function normally. used for Influencing Nobles, while these “Votes” (temporarily represented by IP Markers) are used to vote on Offices. At the • Cards that affects combat can be played by either partner and conclusion of the Office Phase, return all unused “Votes” (IP affect all Friendly or Enemy forces (i.e., all partner forces Markers) to your Unclaimed Pool, and then collect your new, are affected by any applicable Cards). true, IPs based on the small cylinder you marked previously. • In Parliament, each Player casts his Votes independently, but may (obviously) cast his Votes for his partner by selec-tion of Example: York determines that he has gained 18 IPs this turn, his partner’s “Votes for” marker. Partners are free to discuss so places his small white cylinder on the “18” square of the supporting votes. Influence Track. He does not collect 18 points of IP Mark- ers yet, however. Instead, play proceeds to the King Phase • Military Victory requires the indicated number of enemy Shires where he calculates his total Votes—an astounding 24. York (or all enemy Shires if less than total exists for the enemy side; collects 24 points of IP Markers from his Unclaimed Pool to e.g. York alone in a 3P team game). In addition, Military Victory serve as “Votes”, and then casts his vote for the King (which requires that EACH team member hold the indicated number of is worth 24 votes per normal). After winning the King, York friendly Shires. uses his 24 “Votes” to bid on various Offices… knowing that Each team can win a team victory. The Military Victory con- these “Votes” are not saved, so either he needs to use them, or ditions requires that EACH team member hold the indicated lose them. Once Offices are all bid on, York has a single 1 IP number of friendly Shires, but counts all enemy Shires held by Marker left as a “Vote” and returns it to his Unclaimed Pool. the team (sum the values for each partner). Military Victory still He then consults the Influence Track and takes 18 points of requires the indicated number of enemy Shires depending on IP Markers from his Unclaimed Pool and adds them to his the number of players or all enemy Shires if less than the total IP Stock. He’ll use these IP Markers to Influence Nobles in exists for the enemy side (e.g. York alone in a 3P team game). the upcoming Turn(s).

Place one of the small black wooden cylinders on the Game PB 1.7 “Occupied” London Turn Track as specified in the scenario. Place a small wooden Immediately upon entering London with any Mercenary Block cylinder of each Player’s color on the zero (0) space of the (see 24.1.2), the Player controlling the Mercenary Block(s) “Turns as King” Track. Place a small black wooden cylinder on loses one (1) Popular Support for each Strength Point (20.5.3) the Draw Phase of the Sequence of Play Track. Place a small of these Blocks. The timing of “entering” is immediately after black cylinder on the Impulse Track. Post-Battle Movement (20.7.2). Begin the game with the Draw Phase of the first Turn of the Example: Entering London with a full strength French Block chosen scenario unless stated otherwise. would cost three (3) Popular Support. If the Player also had the full strength Burgundian Block in his force, he would lose an additional two (2) points of Popular Support! PB 3.0 Scenarios

PB 3.1 The Seeds of Dissent PB 3.1.1 Game Length Nine (9) Turns, starting on Turn 1 and ending at the end of Turn 9

PB 3.1.2 Number of Players Two-player: Lancaster and York PB 2.0 Game Setup Three-player: Lancaster, York, and Buckingham First, select a scenario from this Playbook and choose who will Four-player: Lancaster, York, Buckingham, and Warwick play each House by any mutually agreeable method. PB 3.1.3 Victory Determination Shuffle the Operations Cards and place them face down near the Military: Per 6.1; otherwise, game board as the draw pile. Distribute all corresponding House Political: Win the vote for King five (5) times; or Cards to each Player (e.g., the Lancaster Cards to the Lancaster Economic: Most Economic VP’s at the end of Game Turn Player, etc.). House Cards for a House not controlled by any 9 per regular rules. Player are placed back in the game box and will not be used. Note: Lancaster starting with the King Office does not count Follow the set-up instructions for the selected scenario. All as one of the five votes needed to win. Inactive Blocks are placed near the game board (this includes all potential Heirs without boxes on the RoP, as well as Clar- PB 3.1.4 Starting Support ence, if their Heir Card is not listed as being set-up In-Play). Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the All Blocks listed for set-up begin In-Play at Full Strength unless Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This specified otherwise . cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the Vacant Office Cards are set aside at this point. Make sure to rest of the game. mark Popular Support and Influence Points for the scenario Two-player: 2 for Lancaster, 5 for York on their respective tracks on the game board, using a small Three-player: 2 for Lancaster, 4 for York, 3 for Buckingham wooden cylinder of each House’s respective color. Mark the Four-player: 2 for Lancaster, 4 for York, 3 for Buckingham, starting Economic Points (if any) on the Influence Track using 5 for Warwick the appropriate counter for each House.

PB 3.1.5 Starting Influence Buckingham: Arundel, Audley, Buckingham + Lord Chan- Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence cellor, de Ros, Devon, Hastings, Ormonde, Oxford, and Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any Stafford number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals Note: The Stafford Block is set aside awaiting its entry the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are Turn. placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player’s Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that 4 player games: Player’s Unclaimed Pool. Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Two-player: 21 for Lancaster, 25 for York Warden, Pembroke, and Somerset. Three-player: 15 for Lancaster, 16 for York, 16 for Buck- Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host ingham per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. Four-player: 13 for Lancaster, 15 for York, 16 for Bucking- Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry ham, 18 for Warwick Turn. PB 3.1.6 Block Setup York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, Kent, Lovel, March, Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Suffolk, and York + Lt. aside. Blocks listed as “name + office” are Nobles holding a of Ireland and the Pale. Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns. a Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster Buckingham: Audley, Buckingham + Lord Chancellor, de – York – Warwick – Buckingham (skip any Player not active in Ros, Devon, Hastings, Ormonde, Oxford, and Stafford. the game). Blocks with specific entry Turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) Note: The Stafford Block is set aside awaiting its entry are Inactive and are set aside. Turn. Warwick: Fauconberg, Herbert, Montague, Salisbury, 2 player games: Scrope, and Warwick + Capt. of Calais. Lancaster: Audley, Beaumont, Buckingham + Lord Chancellor, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, (2-4 Players) Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Shrewsbury is Unavailable on Game Turn 1; place his Block Ormonde, Oxford, Pembroke, Somerset, and Westmorland. face up on the Roll of Parliament. He cannot attend the first Turn’s Parliament, but can be Influenced normally Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host otherwise. per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. All other Nobles are Inactive. Place them next to the game Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry board face up. Turn. York: Clarence, Essex, Fauconberg, Gloucester, Herbert, PB 3.1.7 Card Setup Kent, March, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Salisbury, Scrope, Suffolk, Warwick + Capt. of Calais, and Player. Ignore those for Houses not having a Player (e.g., don’t York + Lord Lt. of Ireland and the Pale. set up the Warwick Cards in anything but a four-player game, where they are given to the person playing House Warwick). Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns. Lancaster: Henry Plantagenet, King Henry VI (Senior Heir); and Queen Margaret d’Anjou, (House Card). 3 player games: York: Richard, Duke of York (Senior Heir) Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Henry VI, Lancaster, Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Buckingham: Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham Warden, Pembroke, Somerset, and Westmorland. (Senior Heir). Place a “Senior Heir” marker on the Roll of Parliament (RoP) Box for Buckingham. Henry VI and Queen Margaret must be assigned a Host per the regular rules and are placed accordingly. Warwick: Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury (Senior Heir); and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (Junior Heir). Place Note: The Lancaster Block is set aside awaiting its entry a “Senior Heir” marker on the RoP Box for Salisbury and Turn. an “Heir” marker on the RoP Box for Warwick. York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, March, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Rutland, Salisbury, Suffolk, Warwick + Capt. of Calais, and York + Lord Lt. of Ireland and the Pale. Note: The Clarence, Gloucester, March, and Rutland Blocks are all set aside awaiting their entry Turns.

PB 3.1.8 Other Game Setup Players from the start of the scenario, until he becomes Place the following Office Cards and counters as indicated the York Senior Heir (10.3.5). for the designated Player. Ignore those for Houses not having b) After any Engagement where a Player eliminates an a Player (e.g., don’t set up the Warwick Cards and counters enemy Heir, that Player draws one (1) OPS Card and in anything but a four-player game, where they are given to adds it to his hand (even if they are not the Victor in the person playing House Warwick). Do not adjust a Player’s the Battle per 20.7.1). Popular Support Value when taking the below Offices. c) Optional Rule: At the end of each Parliament Phase, Lancaster: Take the King Office Card and place the King flip all unclaimed Noble Blocks face down and mix marker on the Henry VI Heir Card. Note that Henry VI them up. Each Player then draws one Block at random does not gain the King Block from the Office, and has in the order listed below. Each Player draws only one restricted powers for this Office (10.3.3). Take the Lord Block, regardless of the number of Offices he holds. If Admiral Office Card and place the Lord Admiral marker no Blocks remain when it is a Player’s turn to choose, on the Exeter box on the RoP. Take the Lord Warden Of- that Player simply draws nothing. Players who hold no fice Card and place the Lord Warden marker on the Nor- Offices draw first in the following order (remember; thumberland box on the RoP. In two-player games only, skip Player Houses that have Offices or are not in the take the Lord Chancellor Office Card and place the Lord game; they will draw a Block later if in the game): Chancellor marker on the Buckingham box on the RoP.. Buckingham – Warwick – York – Lancaster York: Take the Lt. of Ireland and the Pale Office Card and The order of the draw is: place the Lt. of Ireland and the Pale marker on the York 1) None (Buckingham – Warwick – York – Lancaster) Heir Card. Take the Lord Marshal Office Card and place 2) Warden the Lord Marshal marker on the Norfolk box on the RoP. In two- and three-player games only, take the Capt. of 3) Lieutenant Calais Office Card and place the Capt. of Calais marker 4) Captain on the Warwick box on the RoP. 5) Admiral Buckingham: Take the Lord Chancellor Office Card and 6) Marshal place the Lord Chancellor marker on the Buckingham 7) Treasurer Heir Card. 8) Chancellor Warwick: Take the Capt. of Calais Office Card and place 9) King the Capt. of Calais marker on the Warwick Heir Card.

PB 3.1.9 Scenario Special Rules 1. Calais was raided just prior to the start of play, place a Plundered marker in that Shire. 2. Salisbury, Warwick, and Montague are locked in a feud against Northumberland. No Player may control Nor- thumberland if he also controls Salisbury or Warwick or Montague until after Game Turn 4. 3. Players may use any of the optional rules (PB 1.0) 4. Note that the following Inactive Blocks may not enter play until their corresponding Heir Cards are played: Clarence, Gloucester, Lancaster, March, Rutland, and Stafford. 5. Short Scenario option: Prior to starting, Players may opt to end the game after Game Turn 5, instead of Game Turn 9. If necessary, calculate Economic Victory at this time. 6. Kingmaker variant: The following group of rules can be used to play a more “free flowing” version of the game and can be used alone, or in combination with any other Special or Optional Rules. a) The following Blocks are not In-Play until entered as Heirs (by Card play): Gloucester, Lancaster, March, Stafford, and Rutland. In this scenario, ignore entry Turn restrictions on these Heir Cards—they may be played at any time subject to the limit of two (2) active Heirs at any time (10.3.2). Clarence is available to be Influenced by all © 2013 GMT Games, LLC Crown of Roses Play Book 7

PB 3.2.6 Block Setup Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them aside. Blocks listed as “name+office” are Nobles holding a Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if a Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster, then York. Blocks with specific entry turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) are Inactive and are set aside. Lancaster: Beaumont, Clifford, de Ros, Exeter + Lord Admiral, Lancaster + Margaret, Northumberland + Lord Warden, Oxford, Somerset, and Westmorland. Note: Margaret must start with the Lancaster Block in this scenario. PB 3.2 Tangled Branches York: Clarence, Essex, Gloucester, Hastings, Herbert, Kent, March + King, Montague, Norfolk + Lord Marshal, Suf- PB 3.2.1 Game Length Four (4) Turns, starting on Turn 3 and ending at the end of folk, and Warwick + Capt. of Calais. Turn 6. Note: The Clarence and Gloucester Blocks are set aside awaiting their entry turn. PB 3.2.2 Number of Players The following Nobles are Out of Play: Salisbury, Stafford, Two-player: Lancaster and York and York. Place them face down on the Roll of Parliament PB 3.2.3 Victory Determination or remove from game if no they have no Parliament box. Lancaster: They cannot be Influenced and will not be used in this Military: Eliminate March and Rutland; otherwise scenario. Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or All other Nobles are Inactive. Place them next to the game Economic: Most Economic VP’s at the end of Game Turn board face up. 6 per regular rules. PB 3.2.7 Card Setup York: Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Military: Eliminate Lancaster; otherwise Player. Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Lancaster: Queen Margaret d’Anjou (House Card); and Economic: Most Economic VP’s at the end of Game Turn Edward, Prince of Wales (Junior Heir) 6 per regular rules. York: Edward, Earl of March (Senior Heir) Note: York starting with the King Office does not count as one of the two votes needed to win. PB 3.2.8 Other Game Setup Place the following Office Cards and markers as indicated for PB 3.2.4 Starting Support the designated Player. Do not adjust a Player’s Popular Support Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the Value when taking the below Offices. Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the Lancaster: Take the Lord Warden Office Card and place the rest of the game. Lord Warden marker on the Northumberland box on the Roll of Parliament (RoP). Take the Lord Admiral Office 3 for Lancaster Card and place the Lord Admiral marker on the Exeter 5 for York box on the RoP. York: Take the King Office Card and place the King marker PB 3.2.5 Starting Influence Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence on the March Card. Take the Capt. of Calais Office Card Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any and place the Capt. of Calais marker on the Warwick box number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals on the RoP. Take the Lord Marshal Office Card and place the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are the Lord Marshal marker on the Norfolk box on the RoP. placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player’s Remove the “Richard, Duke of York” (Y1) House Card Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that from the game. Player’s Unclaimed Pool. 15 for Lancaster 20 for York

PB 3.2.9 Scenario Special Rules 1. Henry VI is being held prisoner by the Yorkists. He cannot be released until March is dead or in Exile. He will be executed in the Clean-Up Phase at the end of the scenario unless released sooner. The Yorkists hold the Henry VI Card and Block off-map while he is in captivity. On the turn during which March is eliminated or proceeds to Exile, the Henry VI Card and Block are returned to the Lancaster Player and must be placed into play during that Wintering Phase. Henry VI is considered “In-Play” while being held prisoner but is not represented on the map by a Block, does not attend Parliament, and does not get placed during the Wintering Phase until as noted above. Since Henry VI is the Lancaster Senior Heir, as an exception to the requirement that only a Player with a Senior Heir that PB 3.3 The Bloodiest Thorn attends Parliament may be elected King, the Lancaster Player can have their Junior Heir elected King (technically PB 3.3.1 Game Length “Protector of England”) while Henry VI is captive. Four (4) Turns, starting on Turn 6 and ending at the end of Turn 9. 2. Players may use any of the optional rules (PB 1.0). 3. Note that the following Inactive Blocks may not enter play PB 3.3.2 Number of Players until their corresponding Heir Cards are played: Clarence Two-player: Lancaster and York and Gloucester. PB 3.3.3 Victory Determination Lancaster: Military: Eliminate Gloucester; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP’s at the end of Game Turn 9 per regular rules. York: Military: Eliminate Richmond; otherwise Political: Win the vote for King two (2) consecutive Turns; or Economic: Most Economic VP’s at the end of Game Turn 6 per regular rules. Note: York starting with the King Office does not count as one of the two votes needed to win.

PB 3.3.4 Starting Support Each Player places one of his small colored cylinders on the Popular Support Track on the value indicated below. This cylinder will serve as a marker for the Support Track for the rest of the game. 4 for Lancaster 3 for York

PB 3.3.5 Starting Influence Each Player places the appropriate marker on the Influence Track on the value indicated below. Each Player takes any number of Influence Point (IP) Markers whose total sum equals the value listed below for their House. Those IP Markers are placed face down in front of them and constitute the Player’s Stock. The remaining IP Markers for the Player make up that Player’s Unclaimed Pool. 9 for Lancaster 13 for York

PB 3.3.6 Block Setup of Parliament (yes, both Offices). Take the Lord Warden Each Player takes the Blocks listed below and places them Office Card and place the Lord Warden marker on the aside. Blocks listed as “name+office” are Nobles holding a Northumberland box on the Roll of Parliament. Remove Parliamentary Office at the start of play. When all Players have the “Richard, Duke of York” (Y1), “George, Duke of Clar- taken their Blocks, they then perform a Wintering Phase as if a ence” (Y2), “Rutland, Earl of Rutland” (Y5), and “Edward, Parliament had just ended. They do not perform any other Phase Earl of March” (Y7) House Cards from the game. prior to starting play. Block placement order is Lancaster, then York. Blocks with specific entry turns (i.e., Royal Heirs) are PB 3.3.9 Scenario Special Rules & Optional Rules 1. Northumberland is suffering from disaffection. Each Inactive and are set aside. time the York Player activates him as a Leader, he must Lancaster: Beaumont, de Ros, Devon, Oxford, Pembroke, roll a 4 or more on 1d6. If he fails, Northumberland stays Richmond, and Westmorland in place and ignores the order; he can’t be moved at all, York: Essex, Gloucester + King, Lovel, Norfolk + Lord even as part of a stack. Because Northumberland’s loyalty Marshal + Lord Admiral, Northumberland + Lord Warden, is in question, he cannot travel with Gloucester unless and Suffolk Gloucester also has at least one other non-Office Block with him. If Northumberland is the Defender in a Battle, The following Nobles and Heirs are Out of Play and will the York Player rolls 1d6. On a 4 or more, this rule effect not be used in this scenario: Audley, Buckingham, Clar- is canceled for the rest of the game. ence, Clifford, Exeter, Hastings, King Henry VI, Lancaster, March, Montague, Ormonde, Queen Margaret, Rutland, 2. Always Loyal: The following units can’t be turned by any Salisbury, Somerset, Southwick, Stafford, Warwick, Wilt- means, including Treachery Cards. The opposing Player shire, Worcester and York. Place them face down on the cannot place IPs on them or control them: Roll of Parliament display or remove from the game if Only Lancaster may bid on or control: Oxford, Rivers, they have no Parliament box. Remove the Scots, French, Pembroke, ap Thomas (Ally card), and Welsh Archers. and Burgundian Blocks from the game; their correspond- Only York may bid on or control: Suffolk, Norfolk, Lovel, ing Cards may only be played for OPS in this scenario. Catesby (Ally card), and Ratcliffe (Ally card). PB 3.3.7 Card Setup 3. The Lancaster player may place Rivers In-Play during the Place the following Cards face up in front of the designated Wintering Phase of the second Game Turn (i.e., Turn 7), Player. even if not previously bid on. Lancaster: Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond (Senior Heir); 4. Richmond and Oxford do not attend Parliament on the first and Sir Rhys ap Thomas (Ally Card). Place a “Senior turn of the scenario (Turn 6). They had been declared out- Heir” marker on the Roll of Parliament Box for Richmond. laws and would be arrested and executed if they showed up. York: Richard,Duke of Gloucester (Senior Heir); William, Lord Catesby (Ally Card); and Sir Richard Ratcliffe (Ally 5. As noted above, the Scots, French, and Burgundian Cards Card). (Cards 49, 52 and 55) may only be played for OPS in this scenario. PB 3.3.8 Other Game Setup 6. Optional What If: Assume that Henry Stafford (Stafford Place the following Office Cards and counters as indicated for Block) had escaped following his rebellion in 1483 to the designated Player. Do not adjust a Player’s Popular Support join the Lancastrians. The Stafford Block is added to the Value when taking the below Offices. starting Lancaster forces and is available in the scenario Lancaster: Remove the Welsh Archers Card (Card 56) (including being influenced back to the Yorkist side)– use from the Operations Card deck and place it in with the the Buckingham box on the RoP. Lancaster Player’s House Cards. This Card is treated as a House Card for the Lancaster Player for the duration of this scenario, including removal from the game when played for any reason (note: if played for the Event, removal occurs when the Welsh Block is removed from the map—either upon being eliminated or at the start of the King Phase (24.1.2)). Remove the “King Henry VI” (L1), “Queen Margaret” (L2), “Edward, Prince of Wales” (L4) and “Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter” (L5) House Cards from the game. York: Take the King Office Card and place the King marker on the Gloucester Card. Take the Lord Admiral and the Lord Marshal Office Cards and place the Lord Admiral and Lord Marshal markers on the Norfolk box on the Roll

their Ranks (this includes any Nobles and/or Offices in that Player’s Undeclared Pool). Once the Vote total is recorded (including any bonus votes per 24.2.2), increase any damaged Blocks by one (1) step, up to their Full Combat Strength, and then return all Blocks to hidden status. This is repeated for each Player.

Important Optional Rule (yes, an Optional rule to an Optional rule!): At this time, before counting a Block’s PB 3.4 Quick Play Crown of Roses Rank for Votes, a Player may immediately send any Heir at less than Full Combat Strength to any avail- PB 3.4.1 General Summary able Exile Box. Entry of an Exile Box at this point For those Players interested in a quicker game of Crown of generates the –1 Popular Support as if they moved Roses, we suggest the following rules. First, Players should in during the Movement Phase, reduces the Block follow rules PB 3.1.1 to PB 3.1.8 for game length, victory to Retainer Strength (exceptions per 7.3.1-7.3.3). conditions and setup. Second, Players should utilize the Scenario Special Rules, below. [Note: Consider this option if you are concerned that Heirs are dying too easily with the above rules, though PB 3.4.2 Scenario Special Rules and Optional Rules remember that both Players will get to move Blocks before Players are suggested to use all the following, but may leave the first Battles of the next turn.] some of these rule changes out if desired. Third, Vote for King per 24.2.3, noting that a Player 1. After any Engagement where a Player eliminates an enemy must have a Senior Heir that “attended Parliament” (in Heir, that Player draws one (1) OPS Card and adds it to this case, that means “was In-Play or Undeclared and his hand (even if they are not the Victor in the Battle per not in Exile”). 20.7.1). 7. The Victory check Phase is done per normal rules (25.0) 2. The number of Impulses (13.0) in each Game Turn is fixed 8. The Office Phase is modified as follows: at 5 First, roll on the following table to determine which 3. A Player may use 1 OPS in an Action Step similar as in 13.3 Offices have expired (do not remove any Offices that and 15.1 to move an Undeclared Noble to In-Play status to are not listed as having expired… the current Noble any Shire containing a Home Estate for that Noble. Treat continues to hold that Office at this time!). this movement exactly as a regular Move (16.1)) with the 1. Chancellor, Marshall, Lieutenant Noble treated as a Leader (including the ability to lead additional Blocks out of the Undeclared Pool with him). The 2. Treasurer, Marshall, Warden moved Stack cannot move further (even via Forced March) 3. Chancellor, Marshall, Admiral, and such movement can be Evaded (16.5) or Intercepted 4. Treasurer, Capt. Of Calais, Admiral, (16.6) as if it were a regular move into the Shire. 5. Chancellor, Capt. Of Calais, Warden 4. Use the “Where do you think you’re going?” Optional 6. Treasurer, Capt. Of Calais, Lieutenant Rule in 20.5. In addition to any Offices indicated above, all vacant 5. In the Influence Phase, do not use the optional rule of +1 Offices are also available to be filled. Offices are filled IP if in a Block’s Home Estate (23.1.2). Also, do not grant per the regular bidding rules (26.2). Note that 26.4 IP’s for Unoccupied, but same SL Shires (23.1.1). Players still holds for an unfilled Chancellor’s Office. Office only gain IP’s for the Shires they occupy and any bonus Blocks are placed in any friendly Shire subject to the IP’s from Offices, Popular Support and discarded Ally Stacking Limits and the ability of a Noble to hold the Cards (if used at this time). Office (26.3). All Office Blocks should be rotated to be 6. In the King Phase, perform 24.1 as in the regular rules, at Full Combat Strength at this time (even those that but 24.2 is modified as follows: did not change owners). First (before picking up any Nobles from the map), 9. There is no Wintering Phase (27.0), proceed directly resolve the RoP as per 24.2.1. Any Noble that is gained to Clean-up (28.). Yes, this means an Heir that goes control of via this step is placed in the new controlling to Exile in the King Phase to escape being killed will Player’s Undeclared Pool, along with any attached Of- lose two Popular Support (–1 for entry and another fices (note: attached Mercenary Blocks were removed –1 for “wintering over” in Exile). Sometimes one in 24.1 already). must make tough choices! Second, every controlled Noble not in Exile attends Parliament, but does not get picked up. Instead, each Player (one at a time, so as not to confuse who controls which Nobles) turns his Blocks face-up and adds up © 2013 GMT Games, LLC Crown of Roses Play Book 11

necessary, we generate troop strengths based on a “best-guess” of how they would be received once they reached adulthood.

Heraldry The graphic representation of the nobles presented a difficult choice—we could have used the noble’s livery, or one of their badges, or, as we ultimately chose, a form of their heraldry. The original heraldry followed the true historical model, with many “quarterings” (the shield is divided into quarters, with images on each quarter panel). Unfortunately, at the scale of the blocks, the quarterings were difficult to see and made identification on sight that much harder. To that end, in some cases, the historical heraldry was modified to improve the play- ability of the game.

How Many Players? In Kingmaker, the players represent the various political fac-tions, each with their own agenda. Such factions did exist, PB 4.0 Designer Notes and they were in some portion responsible for the Wars, but When I sat down to rebuild the AH classic Kingmaker, it was after the Act of Accord, the conflict was a dynastic struggle. my intention to simply update the game, with new graphics and Thus we decided that the players would represent the major noble houses of Lancaster and York, instead of various cliques. components, a larger map, fix some of the historical faux pas present (which represented the prevailing views in academia But we wanted to make it more than just a two-player game, at the time the game was created), and perhaps clean up and and opted to include two additional player houses - the House of orga-nize the rules a little. What evolved was entirely something Buckingham (whose lineage descended from a son of Edward else altogether. Crown of Roses is a distinctly different game III), and the House of Warwick, who was a distant cousin to from Kingmaker, while still retaining the feel of the period, the House of Lancaster, being descended from Ralph Neville and, I believe, the fun of the original game. and Joan Beaufort, a granddaughter of Edward III.

Why Blocks? What about the minor Nobility? Since the nobility was so heavily invested in the conflict, we Because we simply could not include a block for every family elected to use the nobles as the basic units for Crown of Roses. that took part in the conflicts, we opted to place some of them In addition, to add to the uncertainty of which exact nobles on cards that players can place into play and discard at their were present at a battle, we determined that blocks were the leisure. Each one has one or more special abilities that can be best choice—they allowed for a high degree of fog of war, and accessed through the discard process. Because they are on cards, also gave us a level of granularity with respect to troop quality they will return over and over again, and represent those nobles and strength. who sometimes were there and sometimes weren’t. We decided each block would have to be rated for several Why have a Henry VI or Margaret block? factors: army quality and strength, leadership and command, Henry VI and Margaret were central to the Lancastrian cause, how quick they were to rush to battle, their influence in parlia- especially early on in the period. But Henry was not a good ment, and some form of prestige or patronage. For the sake of sol-dier or leader, and giving him the powerful noble army size simplic-ity (and cleaner graphics), we determined that all of and ability to function normally made little sense. He was, for the ratings would remain constant regardless of what side the most of the period, a mere pawn of more willful persons, like block was on, with the exception of troop quality and strength. Queen Margaret. Instead his weak block is dependent on a This then allowed us to minimize the values on the block and regular noble block for most game functions. concentrate on the ones that mattered. Margaret is represented as a special Lancastrian block, even though she was not a part of the line of succession. She was Where did the Combat Factors come from? The troop factors chosen for each block were derived from however a stronger leader than her husband, and was very de- each magnate’s individual wealth, his regular income, the value termined to succeed. But she was not a true Noble in the sense of his lands, his political savvy and connections, as well as on that she was personally leading men into battle, so while she his personal charisma; all of these being things that would allow too has a Noble block; like Henry VI, she requires a regular him to recruit an army. Better connected, wealthier men were noble to operate normally. able to hire better troops. Why do Nobles turn into Heirs later in the game? In some cases (like Rutland and Lancaster), the values are more Historically, some of the heirs on a house had not even been subjective, as these individuals never had the opportunity histori- born at the start of the period. Some entered much later, but the cally to grow on their own as members of the peerage. Where title was still in use before they arrived. A perfect example is Hen- © 2013 GMT Games, LLC 12 Crown of Roses Play Book ry Tudor, the Earl of Richmond, who emerges as the Lancaster The Operations Deck player’s final heir in the game. His block (Richmond) however The Operations Deck indirectly simulates the seemingly ran- is available sooner because his father Edmund holds that title. dom events that took place in the period; and more directly, the For such historical nobles, we went the route of making the lack of a strong, effective government, in the form of foreign block become the heir once the corresponding card is played. raids and planned uprisings such as Robin of Redesdale’s rebel- Other titles, which only existed for an heir, remain out of lion. OPS points represent supplies and strategic planning on the play until the card hits the table. This strategy allowed for the part of the houses and their immediate advisers. And because inclu-sion of historical forces without increasing the number the events are, by and large, under a player’s control, the player of blocks needed. bears more responsibility for what happens as a result, making them more invested in the outcome. What’s “Bastard Feudalism”? “Bastard Feudalism,” a term first coined in 1885 by historian Parliament and the Body Politic Charles Plummer, refers to the maintenance of retainers by the As the design progressed, we found ourselves having fits over nobility, and is often cited as a cause of the Wars of the Roses. The the inclusion of Parliament. The system used in Kingmaker is retainers wore the noble’s livery (badge and colors), and fought very good at generating the political chaos of the day simply in battle for them, while the noble protected them and helped to through player interaction. But I didn’t feel a clone of that further the retainer’s interests. This allowed the creation of large system would work, as it needed to be faster and simpler; but private armies that the nobles could call upon, armies who were while still retaining the right feel. more loyal to their chosen magnate than to their king. The voting for officers was one thing that needed to be pres- By the middle of the century, these nobles began to quarrel ent, but we simply didn’t have the room for all of the offices. openly with one another, quarrels which were often settled at the After several variations on a theme, we settled on a total of the point of a halberd. Because the landed gentry lacked confidence eight titles presented in Crown of Roses. This gave us a good in the law, which had become corrupt without the control of a firm selection without overburdening the game. royal hand, it became more important for them to have a noble We chose to use a bid system for collecting offices and nobles, protector. They fought their patron’s battles, eventually being as this represented the real-world application of political favors caught up in the larger quarrel between Lancaster and York. To and lucrative merchant contracts. During testing however, represent this uncontrolled retaining, we made the mustering of we found that using visible bids caused players to stop and new troops fairly fast and relatively easy to do. We did set some rethink their plans, and to play their bids more defensively (to limits however, so that a player can’t simply rotate blocks through prevent offices from falling to the wrong player for example). an area to gain a large number of troops repeatedly. We found that the games would slow significantly, as players literally played one IP more than the opposition, and this effect How do you handle the Feuds between Nobles? see-sawed back and forth. We needed a way to represent the various blood feuds that occurred during the period, like the Percy-Neville and Court- When we tried blind bidding, we discovered that the players ney-Bonville feuds. But we did not want them to be a presiding were a bit more cautious about playing bids, as the hidden bids issue for players to have to solve or defeat. Keeping it limited created a fog of war for Parliament and led to more players to scenario specific rules simplified matters while still giving looking to kill off opposing houses and supporters, leading to players the right feel. more involved, faster games.

How does terrain factor in? Pro-faction Leanings and Influence Thresholds In Kingmaker terrain such as forests, rivers, and roads, were While it is true that many families that took part in the wars accounted for with special movement costs. The primary means switched sides or changed their political stance from time to of movement was along roads or cart-paths, and not through time, there were other families that refused to waver from their the countryside. Rivers were fordable in many cases, or had chosen course and always gave support to their side. This led to towns and bridges nearby. And while road travel is a key form the idea of the pro-factions values in the noble boxes. A noble of movement in Kingmaker, in truth, there were roads (or some with colored rose icons in their box are stronger supporters of semblance of them) almost everywhere in England, so we de- a particular side in the conflict. cided they would be abstracted into normal movement. Only Thresholds emerged around this time as well, as a sort of in the less settled regions like the mountains of Wales and the “population control” for the nobles. There are certainly ex- Pennines or in the Fens would such roads not be present, and amples of nobles who were ready (and in fact some downright these areas have a higher movement cost to represent this fact. anxious) to fight, but there are others that declined to don their As a result, we elected to simplify the land border types into armor. The thresholds reflect that fact; they prevent the easy “rough” and “clear”, and provide for two more for the sea (same recruiting of larger magnates, while still allowing a strong at- or adjacent sea zone). This allowed a very simple movement tempt to succeed in gaining that noble’s arms to your cause. cost scheme (1 vs 2), and still left room for special movement rules like Safe Roads, the Wash, and the Fens.

(L) groans as he has three Blocks in that Shire: Somerset, Henry VI, and Queen Margaret. Plague losses are equal to the SV in the Plague Shire location, so (L) decides to have both Somerset and Margaret suffer a Step Loss (the Blocks are rotated 90 degrees to show this), and then places a Devastated marker in the Shire (meaning (L) can’t perform any Mustering there). Adjacent Shires also suffer some effects – (L) has Exeter and the Admiral Block in Devon, which must lose one (1) Step as adjacent Shires lose SV-1, minimum one Step (Lancaster applies the Step Loss to the Admiral Block). (W) has Montague in Gloucester and (B) has Ormonde in Wiltshire, both lose one (1) Step (the latter since there is always a minimum of one (1) Step Loss).

PB 5.0 Example of Play This example of play is intended to introduce Crown of Roses to the players more rapidly. In Medias Res: We will start in the middle of the first turn of a four-player game. Players are abbreviated by House: (B)=Buckingham, (L)=Lancaster, (W)=Warwick, (Y)=York. Shire names are italicized to clearly distinguish from Noble Blocks. While we will refer to Blocks by name, remember that usually only the controlling Player will be able to see which Blocks are which (at least until Combat resolution)!

Third Impulse (3 of 5): The Mandatory Event also gives (B) two (2) OPS Points to Card Plays are: B-60 (Plague - 2 OPS Mandatory), L-42 use. He elects to spend the first OPS Point to move the now (Desertions - 2 OPS Event), W-45 (Show of Solidarity - 2 reduced Ormonde from Wiltshire to Stafford. He first moves OPS Event), & Y-30 (French Raid - 1 OPS Event). into Oxford using 1 MP and pauses to allow (W) to decide whether he wishes to Intercept or not—(W) declines. He then (L), the current King, will decide the Player order of the three spends a second MP to enter Warwick and a half of an MP to Players tied at 2 OPS, and (Y) will go last in the Impulse due enter Stafford using the Safe Roads rule (Stafford is Friendly to his 1 OPS Card. (L) decides that (B) will go first, followed controlled by virtue of its yellow SL). With the second OPS by (W) and then himself. Point, he chooses to apply Political Influence to a Noble and (B) draws for a Plague location and gets Somerset (SV = 2). places two hidden IP Markers on Oxford’s box (a zero (0) IP Marker and a three (3) IP Marker). (W) goes next, playing Show of Solidarity for the Event—placing three Ally Cards into play at the bot- tom of his House Mat. None of the Ally Cards so played generate OPS or Event text upon entering, so Warwick’s action is complete (as he chooses to not use any of their “discard” abilities).

(L) also chooses to use his CC as the Event, and tar- gets Pembroke, which con- tains a single Warwick Block (Herbert). Lancaster rolls a ‘4’, causing two (2) Step Losses to Herbert, who is reduced below Re- tainer Strength by the de- sertion of his army. Per the Card #22 Card text, Herbert is placed (first) into Warwick’s Undeclared Card #21 (second) Pool and Pembroke be- Card #55 (third) comes Lancaster controlled Card #68 (fourth) again (due to the Red pro- (B) plays his Ally Card (Lord Stourton) for the Event text, Lancaster SL color). placing it face up by his House Mat. The Card will remain Last to play is (Y), who uses there until discarded. (B) also gains 1 OPS Point to spend im- his Card’s Event to gener- mediately, per the Card text. He spends the 1 OPS to activate ate a French Raid in Devon. the Buckingham Block in Stafford and move his stack (himself, For Raids (or Planned Up- the Attached Chancellor Block, and Ormonde) to Nottingham risings), any Player may to face a single Warwick Block (Scope). respond—though the (Y) also plays his Card for the Event text, placing it face up choice is made in Impulse by his House Mat. Like (B), his Ally also grants 1 OPS, which order (so Buckingham, he uses to move his Suffolk Block from Suffolk into London Warwick, Lancaster, York to join the York Block. Because both Essex and London are in this Impulse). Each Of- York controlled, both of the borders crossed cost only one half ficer with a Home Estate in (1/2) of a MP. the designated Shire decides if he will respond Like the other Houses before him, (L) also plays his Card (which allows a free move for the Event text, Attaching the Scots Mercenary Block to the to the designated Shire). Northumberland Block in Northumberland (who also has At- The Warden and Captain tached the Warden Block). (controlled by Buckingham Since (W) played a and Warwick) decline to move, so the Admiral (Lancaster’s Surprise Card as Exeter) responds. Note that even if (Y) had the Devon Block his Command Card as an Officer (noting thatDevon has a Home Estate in Devon), (CC), he must use since (L) when before (Y) in Impulse order, (L) would have it solely for its OPS the first right to be the Responding Noble. Since the Block is Points. He does so already present in Devon, there is no movement and the Raid by spending the is resolved (Raids and Planned Uprisings are resolved imme- one (1) OPS Point diately in the game instead of in the combat step). The Control- to activate his Se- ling Player is (Y), so he rolls three (3) blue dice (hit on 5+ nior Heir, Salis- each) for the French, with the results of 2, 2, & 4. All three (3) bury, (in North Rid- dice miss and the Raid is over. (L) gains one (1) Point of ing) with Faucon- Popular Support from that adventure and places a Plundered berg (not yet an marker in Devon. Heir), and send-ing them to Notting- Fourth Impulse (4 of 5): ham to reinforce Card Plays are: B-22 (Lord Stourton - 3 OPS Ally), L-55 Scrope. (Scottish Clans - 2 OPS Persistent Event), W-68 (Stormy Seas There is one Bat- - 1 OPS Surprise), & Y-21 (Francesco dei Coppini - 3 OPS Ally) tle this Impulse, The King decides that (B) will go first, followed by (Y), then composed of one (because of the OPS values) himself and last (W). Engagement, with ( W ) b e i n g t h e first Attacker (last Blocks to enter the

Shire being Salisbury leading Fauconberg) against (B) as the Defender. Scrope will be a Reinforcement for (W), entering on Round 2 (after Battle Charge) the second Combat Round. Round one sees a (B) Main Force of Buckingham (Leader Warwick Main Force Block) with the Chancellor and the reduced strength Ormonde versus a (W) Main Force led by Salisbury (the Leader during the Land Movement into the Shire) and Fauconberg. While both sides have Heirs, neither decides to conduct a Battle Charge at this point. Since neither side has the Marshal or King (and, Buckingham hence, the ability to force a Noble to re-roll their combat dice), Main Force all dice in Line Combat can be rolled together.

Warwick Reinforcements (enter Round 2)

In Line Combat, (W) now has 1/3/1 (red/blue/green ) dice and (B) has only 1/1 (blue/green) as the Buckingham Block does Warwick Main Force not get to use Line Combat due to conducting a Battle Charge. The dice are rolled and (B) gets lucky and somehow scores two (2) more hits, while (W) scores an amazing four (4) hits! For (W), Scrope or Fauconberg must take the first Step Loss as both are at Strength = 2, (W) chooses Scrope for the first Step Buckingham Loss, noting that Fauconberg will have to take the second (as Main Force both Scrope and Salisbury are now at their Retainer Strength of one (1) die only). (B) has to take four (4) hits total. He must take the first one on Buckingham (as he is the strongest Block), and can take the next on either Buckingham or Ormonde, re- The attacker rolls first, though this is not required, as each ducing either to Retainer Strength. He chooses Ormonde. The Engagement is simultaneous. (W) rolls one (1) red die, three (3) third must then be taken on Buckingham (still at Strength = 2), blue dice, and one (1) green die, getting two (2) hits. (B) rolls reducing him also to Retainer Strength. The last Step Loss will 1/4/2 (red/blue/green) dice and only gets one (1) hit. For (B), eliminate one of his Blocks, and (B) choose Ormonde. At the the Buckingham Block, which is the strongest Block, must take end of this combat round, (B) decides to retreat to Leicester. the first Step Loss, but he can instead apply it to the Chancellor (W) has no non-House 3 OPS Cards to discard to Pursue, and Block, as that Block is Attached and in the Main Force. He does lets him go (he could discard a 3 OPS House Card, but chooses so; but since the Buckingham Block is still the strongest Block, not to). Ormonde now rolls on the Elimination Chart, getting a it must also suffer the second Step Loss. (B) also applies this 3, which Kills Ormonde—making his Block status Unavailable. to the Chancellor Block, removing that Block from play. (B) Ormonde is placed face-up on his RoP Box, indicating that he still controls the Office, but simply lacks its troops. Salisbury, cannot be Influenced and, if there had been any IP Markers being the sole three (3) Step Warwick Block is reduced by one currently on his RoP Box, these would have been returned to (1) Step. There is no Retreat on round one. the controlling Player’s Unclaimed Pool(s). (W) currently has three (3) Blocks, so decides to redistributed his Blocks via On round two, Scrope arrives as reinforcement, though Salis- Post-Battle Movement, moving Salisbury to West Riding to bury maintains command as Heirs always outrank non-Heirs avoid suffering any Attrition. (W) then increases his Popular and Salisbury is the highest ranking Warwick Heir – H-#1). (W), Support by one (1), due to being a Victor against an Enemy the attacker, chooses not to conduct a Battle Charge, but (B), Heir (Buckingham). noting that Salisbury is wounded, decides to have his Buck- ingham Heir Block conduct a Battle Charge against Salisbury. Fifth Impulse (5 of 5): Buckingham rolls one (1) red and two (2) blue dice, all with a Card Plays are: B-68 (Stormy Seas - 1 OPS Surprise), L-54 +1 drm against Salisbury. (W) is lucky and (B) only rolls one (Influential Voice - 3 OPS Event), W-W7 (The Kingmaker– 3 (1) hit. Salisbury returns fire with two (2) blue dice, scoring OPS House Event), & Y-23 (Lord Dacre - 3 OPS Ally). one (1) hit, as well. Salisbury is reduced to Retainer Strength and Buckingham is reduced by one (1) Step. Everyone except (B) played a 3 OPS card, so (L) will decide player order for the three tied Players and (B) (with 1 OPS) will go last. (L) decides (Y) will go first, followed by (W) and then himself.

losing one (1) step. (W) decides to attempt both Evasion with Salisbury and Interception with Fauconberg and Scrope (in Nottingham). Since Interceptions must be resolved before Evasions, (W) checks for the Interception and succeeds—Fauconberg and Scrope move into West Riding. (W) could choose to leave Salisbury in West Riding, but decides that the one extra blue die from Salisbury isn’t worth the risk. (W) rolls a 1, which succeeds and Salisbury moves to Nottingham.

(L) then plays a Surprise Card - #73, Secret Plots and Card #23 chooses one of (Y)’s face-up Ally Cards; in this case Coppini, (first) Card #W7 Card #21). He takes the Coppini Ally Card and places it in front (second) Card #54 (third) of him. (Y) can not discard Coppini to prevent this, as the Sur- Card #68 (fourth) prise Card forbids such an action. (L) then draws a replacement Card, getting #31 – French Raid. Before anyone conducts their Finally, (B) plays his Card for one (1) OPS Point, which he actions, (B) plays the Sur- uses for a Political Influence action to Influence his cousin, prise Card Bad Roads the Earl of Wiltshire, by placing a zero (0) and a three (3) IP (Card #63). This is a Per- Marker face-down in his RoP Box. sistent Event Card, so (B) Combat is then resolved in West Riding. Round one has a (L) places it near the map board Main Force comprising Northumberland and the two Attached so all Players will be re- Blocks of the Warden and the Scots (the latter reduced by one minded that Land Move- (1) Step). (W) has a Main Force of Fauconberg (at his 2 blue ment during the rest of the dice Strength) and Scrope (at Retainer Strength). Before the Operations Phase will be +1 dice are rolled, (W) discards all his remaining Ally Cards to per Shire border crossed. gain a temporary bonus of three (3) green dice. Despite this, he (B) draws a re-placement only gets one (1) hit, while (L) scores four (4). (L) applies his Card as this Surprise Card Step Loss on the Scots via the association with Hosting Nor- was played for its Event thumberland (since the Mercenary Block will vanish during the text, not as a CC. King Phase, anyway). (W) loses both Fauconberg and Scrope, (Y) plays his Card for the Ally Event and Dacre enters play. who both must roll on the Elimination Chart. Fauconberg (not This Card has a ‘comes into play’ ability that gives (Y) one (1) currently an Heir) rolls a 5 and is only Wounded. His Block OPS Point to spend. He uses the OPS Point to do a Political becomes Inactive and is no longer controlled by (W). Scrope Influence Action, placing Influence on one (1) Noble in Parlia- rolls a 6 and Escapes; (W) places his Block into his Undeclared ment, selecting Arundel. He places a face-down three (3) IP Pool where he will still be available to attend Parliament. Since Marker on the Arundel space on the RoP. no Enemy Heir was present, (L) does not gain any Popular Support; and since the Stacking Limit in West Riding is 3 (SV (W) also uses his Card for the Event. He rolls a single die =2 +1), (L) cannot perform any Post-Battle Movement (as he and gets a five (5). He adds four (4) to this result (per the Card has only three (3) Blocks in the Shire). text) and gets a total of nine (9) IPs from his Unclaimed Pool. He then gets to place Influence on any one (1) Noble. He places five (5) IPs on Norfolk, face down (using a two (2) and a three Influence Phase The Players now calculate their IPs gained for the Turn. (3) IP Marker). The Card is then removed from the game as it is a non-persistent Event House Card—it will not appear again. (B) gains 1 IP for Leicester and 3 IPs for Chester (the Devon Block is there), plus 6 IPs for the loyal Shires that are unoc- (L) uses his card for OPS, spending two (2) to place Influence cupied (Stafford, Wiltshire, Buckingham, Kent, Huntingdon, on two Nobles in Parliament. He places a face down two (2) IP and Cambridge). (B) also has the Chancellor, for an additional Marker on Northumberland, and two face down 1 IP Markers 3 IPs, and has a Popular Support level of six (6), giving him (for a total of two (2) IPs) on Somerset. With the third OPS another 4 IPs. Total IPs +17. Point, he activates Northumberland and moves his army south towards West Riding. He moves via Durham (1+1 MP for Bad (L) gains 2 IPs from Devon (Exeter Block), 2 IPs from Roads) and North Riding (1+1 MP for Bad Roads). (W) chooses Somerset (Somerset Block), and 3 IPs from West Riding (Nor- not to Intercept with his lone Salisbury Block in West Riding. thumberland Block, noting that West Riding is loyal to House (L) then declares a Force March and moves his Moving Stack Lancaster, so (L) gains SV+1 IPs for controlling it during the one additional Shire, into West Riding. (L) rolls Attrition for Influence Phase). Additionally, both Exeter and Somerset are the Force March, which results in the Scots Mercenary Block in one of their Home Estate Shires, gaining (L) an additional 1

IP each. (L) also gains 5 IPs for the 5 Shires that are loyal and As the King continues, each of the 3 remaining Ally cards unoccupied. He also gains 1 for the Ally “Coppini” he stole from will see action – (L) to place one (1) IP on Richmond and one (Y). Finally, he holds the King, the Admiral, and the Warden (1) on Pembroke, (Y) to fight for Norfolk, and (B) to secure for a total of 8 IPs more, and has a Popular Support level of 4 Southwick and Hastings. All except Norfolk are unopposed and (for another 2 IPs). Total IPs +25. the Influenced Nobles join the respective Houses. (W) gains 1 IP from Nottingham, 2 IPs from Gloucester, and Norfolk: During this turn (W) placed five (5) IPs on his 1 IP from Hereford, plus 6 IPs for unoccupied loyal Shires. He RoP box in two IP Markers. (Y) has an advantage of two (2) holds the Captain of Calais for +2 IPs, and his Popular Support Tendency Bonus for Norfolk, and, not knowing how much level is at 6, for another 4 IP. Total IPs +16. Warwick spent, discards the Dacre Ally Card and places the two (Y) gains 2 IPs from Essex and 4 IPs from London, plus 5 (2) IP Points from Dacre on him. When the totals are revealed, IPs for unoccupied loyal Shires (Leicester is Enemy held and doesn’t count). He also gains 1 IP from Essex, who is in a Home York has four (4) while Warwick has five (5). Warwick has the Estate. He holds the Marshal and the Lieutenant for another higher Influence this turn and as five (5) is above the threshold 3 IPs, plus a Popular Support level of 7, that gives him 5 IPs of three (3), receives Norfolk into his army. more. Total +20. Now that all the Nobles have declared, the Votes for King are counted. King Phase (B) 10 from Nobles, 3 from Offices, 3 from Popular Sup- At the start of the King’s Phase, each Player counts the num- port. 16 total. ber of Enemy Player Shires they control to gain “Economic Victory Points”. For this turn there is only one (1) – (B) has (L) 17 from Nobles and 8 from Offices, 2 from Popular control of Leicester, which is a (Y) Shire. Support. 27 total. Now, each Player removes all of his controlled Blocks from (W) 10 from Nobles and 1 from Officers, plus 3 from the map except for those in Exile Boxes (none in this example). Popular Support, for 14 total. Mercenary Blocks become Inactive and are placed aside for (Y) 9 from Nobles and 3 from Offices, plus another 3 for use in subsequent Turns. Note that Fauconberg and Ormonde Popular Support. 15 total. remain on the RoP—as they are not controlled by any Player (L), with 27 votes, will still need to make a deal in order to at this point keep the crown, unless each House only Votes for themselves Note: the Figure below is wrong and should have the Fauco- (divide and conquer?). But if the other three Players get to- nberg Block also on the RoP, like Ormonde. gether, then one of them will be King next turn. We’ll skip the details of the negotiations, but in this case (L) manages to keep Then, supporters are gathered from the Roll of Parliament. the crown, with a promise to support (B) for Chancellor and The King, (L), starts with any Noble of his choice—picking Captain of Calais. Arundel in the upper left of Parliament, and then proceeds through each Noble having IP Markers in their RoP Box.

* Arundel: (Y) placed a total of three (3) IPs here, and was the Victory Check Phase sole Player to Influence Arundel, so Arundel declares for York As this is an early turn, no one has won the game yet. and his Block is placed with the other Blocks controlled by (Y).

Then the Officers are placed: Office Phase With the King determined, the Offices are all reas-signed. Lord Warden of the North Marches (L-Northumberland) Each Player temporarily changes their Popular Support level. in Northumberland. Lancaster (as King) will select one at random and place it up Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Pale (B-Ormonde) for bidding. First up is the Treasurer. Each Player selects a in Ireland. secret bid: (B) 0, (L) 1, (W) 2, (Y) 0. When the bids are re- Lord Captain of Calais and the Pale (W-Salisbury) in vealed Warwick is appointed Treasurer. All the IPs spent (two North Riding. (2) from Warwick and one (1) from Lancaster) go back to their respective Unclaimed Pools. (W) takes the Office Card, Office Lord High Admiral (Y-Arundel) in Flint. marker and Office Block as his own and adjusts his Popular Lord Earl Marshal (Y-York) in Shropshire. Support level for the new Office. Lord Treasurer of the Exchequer (W-Warwick) in This continues for all the Offices, with (L) keeping his cam- Gloucester. paign promise to (B). However, (W) doesn’t let the Captain go easily and bids 10 IPs for it, which is more than (L) and (B) bid Lord Chancellor of England (B-Buckingham) in when the Office came up. Warwick wins the Captain and both Buckingham. (L) and (B) lost the IPs they spent bidding on it. His Majesty the King of England (L-Henry VI, hosted by Somerset) in London. Wintering Phase Finally, after the Officers are placed, (L) places the Queen With Offices re-allocated, Players now perform Wintering, Margaret in London, hosted by Somerset. starting with the non-Officer Nobles. Because it is based on votes received in the King Phase, (L) goes first. (Y) is next, followed by (W), as they voted for themselves. (B) is last, as he voted for (L) and had zero (0) votes for himself for King. Each Player places one (1) Noble at a time, in the order recited above. (L) places Pembroke in Pembroke; (Y) Essex in Essex; (W) Montague in Somerset; (B) Oxford in Cambridge; back to (L) who places Richmond in Pembroke; (Y) Suffolk in Suffolk; (W) Norfolk in Lincoln; (B) Devon in Devon; (L) again, who places Exeter in Bedford; (Y) passes, as does (W); (B) places Hastings in Leicester and then everyone passes or is done placing their non-Officer Nobles.

The Battle of Wakefield:York and Salisbury are killed. Rutland is cut down while fleeing the field by Clifford, who cries “As thy father did to mine, so shall I do to thee” (or so legend says). 1461 The Battle of Mortimer’s Cross: Welsh Lancastrians are defeated by Edward of March. The Second Battle of St. Albans: Margaret’s army, with the addition of Scottish troops, under Henry Beaufort (2nd Duke Somerset) defeats Warwick. After the battle the army retires northwards to allay the fears of the London populace that Margaret’s army will pillage the city. Edward of March is accepted as King by Parliament as a deterrent to Margaret’s army of Scotsmen. The Battle of Towton: “England’s bloodiest day”. The total number of combatants is in some estimates 50,000. The Lancastrians are plagued by bad weather (which helps the Yorkist immensely), but are still able to put up a good fight. After Yorkist reinforcements arrive under the Duke of Norfolk, however, the day is PB 6.0 Historical Notes lost for the Lancastrians. 1462 Queen Margaret and Frenchman Pierre de Breze PB 6.1 Timeline attempt to land in Northumberland with an army 1450 Jack Cade’s rebellion. of French troops, but their fleet is wrecked and the French troops are either drowned or scattered along 1452 Richard of York’s insurrection at Dartmouth. the shoreline and killed as they make it to the beach. 1453 King Henry VI has his first bout with mental illness. Margaret and Pierre escape to Berwick. Pierre returns Queen Margaret gives birth to Prince Edward. home from there. 1454 York’s First Protectorate begins. 1463 The last Lancastrian castle in the North surrenders. The Lancastrians will recover them later in the year. 1455 York’s First Protectorate ends when Henry VI recovers his senses. 1464 The Battle of Hedgeley Moor. First Battle of St. Albans: Somerset is killed, and York Edward IV secretly marries Elizabeth Woodville. captures the King, starting York’s Second Protectorate. The Battle of Hexham. 1456 York’s Second Protectorate ends. 1465 Henry VI is captured and imprisoned in the Tower. 1458 Queen Margaret declares the Love Day. 1469 Robin of Redesdale rebellion. Battle of Edgecote Moor. 1459 The Battle of Blore Heath: Salisbury defeats Audley. 1470 Lincolnshire rebellion. The Battle of Ludford Bridge: Yorkist forces are routed. Battle of Losecote Field, named for the act of the York flees to Ireland; Salisbury, Warwick, and March Lancastrians removing their surcoats of arms during to Calais. the rout. Margaret convenes the “Parliament of Devils” at Cov- The Angers Agreement between Warwick and Margaret entry. York and his supporters are Attainted (lands and of Anjou is signed in France. Warwick invades England titles are revoked). at the head of a Lancastrian Army. Edward IV flees to 1460 The Battle of Northampton: Kent (Grey) switches the court of his sister the Duchess of Burgundy. Henry sides, allowing the Yorkists into the Lancastrian de- VI is re-crowned as King (called the “Readaption”). fenses. Buckingham and Northumberland are among the fallen. York openly claims the throne, and is declared Lord Protector for Henry VI. The Act of Accord is signed, disinheriting Prince Edward and naming York as heir.

1471 Battle of Barnet. Edward IV returns to claim the throne. Warwick and his brother Montague are both killed in PB 6.2 Battles the battle. Battle Date Victor Battle of Tewkesbury. After fleeing the loss at Barnet, 1st St. Albans 22 May 1455 York the Lancastrian Army (led by Margaret and the young Blore Heath 23 Sept 1459 York Prince Edward) attempts to cross into Wales, but is Rout at Ludford Bridge 12 Oct 1469 Lancaster caught at Tewkesbury. Prince Edward is either killed Northampton 10 July 1460 York in the ensuing battle or executed shortly afterwards, Wakefield 0 Dec 1460 Lancaster sources differ on this point. Henry VI is executed in Mortimer’s Cross 2 Feb 1461 York the Tower shortly after the battle. 2nd St. Albans 22 Feb 1461 Lancaster 1483 Edward IV dies in his bed. This leaves his son Edward Ferrybridge (skirmish) 28 Mar 1461 Lancaster, but indecisive V to assume the throne at the age of five. Edward V is Towton 29 Mar 1461 York deposed by his uncle in short order, claiming the boy and his brother are illegitimate due to the Butler pre- Hedgeley Moor 25 Apr 1464 York contract (wherein Edward was betrothed to an heiress Hexham 15 May 1464 York of the Butler (Ormonde) house, and thus negating the Edgecote 26 July 1469 Lancaster legality of Edward IV’s marriage to Elizabeth Wood- osecoat Field 12 Mar 1470 York ville) in the Titulus Regius. The Duke of Gloucester is Barnet 14 Apr 1471 York crowned Richard III, and the boys (the famous “Princes Tewkesbury 4 May 1471 York in the Tower”) vanish under mysterious circumstances after being made Richard’s “guests” in the Tower of Bosworth 22 Aug 1485 Lancaster (Tudor) London. In 1674, two children’s skeletons were discov- Stoke Field 16 Jun 1487 Lancaster (Tudor) ered buried beneath a stairwell in the White Tower, but these have not been proven to be the missing Princes. Buckingham’s rebellion. Henry Stafford (2nd Duke Buckingham and a potential claimant to the throne), attempts to raise a force to oppose Richard III. His attempt fails. He is caught and executed shortly afterwards. 1485 The Battle of Bosworth. Henry Tudor, Earl of Rich- mond, returns from exile to claim his ancestral lands. He is the last Lancastrian claimant for the throne, and will move against Richard III. At Market Bosworth, the two sides meet. Richard III has a slightly larger force, but is also facing some disaffection in Henry Percy and the Stanleys (William and Thomas). During the fight, all three stay on the sidelines. When it appears that Tudor may carry the day, the Stanleys swoop in on his side and signal the end of Richard III’s rule. Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII. 1487 The Battle of Stoke. Pretender Lambert Simnel is captured, and the Earls of Kildare and of Lincoln (the latter being the heir to Richard III) are killed. This battle is traditionally used to mark the end of the Wars of the Roses, though unrest against Henry VII continues for some time. 1491 Perkin Warbeck, another pretender to the throne, causes minor problems for Henry VII. Henry VII captures him in 1497 and has a noose put around his neck in 1499.

PB 6.3 The Nobles (Shire maps show corresponding Home Estate locations.)

th Sir William Fitzalan, 11 Earl of Arundel Sir Thomas de Ros (Roos) The son-in–law of Fought for Lancast- the Earl of Salisbury, er at 1st St. Albans, William held several Wakefield, 2nd St. posts including the Albans, Towton, Constable of Dover Hedgeley Moor, and and both the Warden and Lieuten- Hexham. ant of the Cinque Ports. A Yorkist supporter, he fought at 2nd St. Albans and at Towton.

th Sir John Touchet, 6 Lord Audley Sirs Thomas Courtenay, th5 & 6th Earls of Devon He fought for Lan- Fought for Lancast- caster at Blore Heath. er at 1st St. Albans, Turned by Warwick Wakefield, and Tow- in 1460, he fought for ton. Edward IV at Barnet and Tewkesbury.

nd Sir William Beaumont, 2 Viscount Beaumont Sir Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex Fought for Lancaster Fought for the Yor- at Wakefield, 2nd St. kists at 1st St. Al- Albans, and Tow- bans, Northampton, ton. Later went mad 2nd St. Albans, Tow- and was placed into ton, and Barnet. the care of his friend the Earl of Oxford.

th Sir John Clifford, 9 Baron Clifford Sir William Hastings Fought for Lancaster Fought for the Yor- at Wakefield and 2nd kists at Mortimer’s St. Albans. Killed at Cross, Towton, Bar- Ferrybridge. Known net, and Tewkesbury. as “Butcher” and Initially supported “Bloody” for his murder of the Richard III, but was later executed Earl of Rutland. by him.

Sir William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke Sirs Henry Percy, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Earls Fought for the Yor- of Northumberland kists at Mortimer’s Fought for Lancast- Cross, Towton, Edge- er at 1st St. Albans, cote Moor. Later be- Northampton, Wake- came Earl of Hunt- field, 2nd St. Albans ingdon. and Towton. Present at Bosworth, but did not fight. Fought for Lancaster at Stoke Field.

Sir Edmund Grey of Ruthin, Earl of Kent A Lancastrian in Sir James Butler, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and 5th the early years of Earl of Oxmonde the wars, he com- A favorite of Henry manded the van at VI and an enemy of Northampton, where the Duke of York, he he switched allegiance and allowed was the Lord Treasur- Warwick’s men into the Lancastrian er of the Exchequer camp. Under Edward IV, he would and also the Lieutenant of Ireland become Lord Treasurer of the before the wars began. A Lancas- Exchequer and would receive the trian, he fought at 1st St. Albans, Earldom of Kent. He fought at Barnet and Tewkesbury, Mortimer’s Cross, and Towton. and survived the wars. Escaping the battle, he was later captured by the Yorkists and executed.

Sir Francis Lovel, 13th Viscount Lovel Personal friend of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford Richard III. Fought A Lancastrian, John for the Yorkists at became Lord Con- Bosworth and Stoke stable of England Field. during the readaption period, where he exacted justice from the 1st Earl of Worcester for his father’s execu-tion by that noble. He fought at Barnet, and in the company of Viscount Beaumont, seized St. Mi- chael’s Mount, holding it for two months against a siege. Sirs John Mowbray and Sir John Howard, Imprisoned after his surrender, he escaped in 1484, fighting Dukes of Norfolk Fought for the Yor- for Henry Tudor at Bosworth and Stoke Field. kists at 2nd St. Al- bans, Towton, Bar- net, Tewkesbury, and Bosworth. Hereditary Earl Marshal.

Sirs Richard, Anthony, and Edward Woodville, Sirs John de la Pole, Dukes of Suffolk Earl Rivers Fought for the Yor- Fought for Lancaster kists at 2nd St. Albans at 2nd St. Albans, and Towton. John the Towton, and Bos- younger was also Earl worth. Fought for the of Lincoln and fought Yorkists at Barnet. at Bosworth and com-manded at Executed on orders from Richard Stoke Field. III.

Sir Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland Sir John Scrope, 5th Lord Scrope of Bolton The Raby line of A Warwick sup - Nevilles were active porter, John fought Lancastrians, fight- for the Yorkists at ing at Blore Heath, Northampton and Wakefield, 2nd St. Towton, and Hex- Albans, and Towton. ham. He took part in pro-Warwick rebellions in 1469 and 1470, and fought for Warwick at Barnet. Par- doned by Edward IV, he supported Richard III against Buckingham’s rebellion in 1483, and fought for Richard III at Bosworth. Sir John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester In 1487, he attacked the city of York in support of a Yorkist Held numerous offic- uprising, but the attack failed, and he was imprisoned. es, including Consta- ble of England under Edward IV, where he Sirs John Talbot, 2nd & 3rd Earls of Shrewsbury made many enemies. Fought for Lancaster at Northampton and 2nd St. Albans.

Sir Thomas Stanley, Lord of Man Present at Blore Heath, but did not e n g a g e . F o u g h t for Lancaster at Northampton, but switched sides afterwards. Present at Bosworth but did not engage, though his cousin William did.

King Henry VI, Son of Henry V Sir Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke A weak and inef- Half brother of Henry fective ruler. Pres- VI. Fought at 1st St. ent at 1st St. Albans, Albans, Mortimer’s Northampton, 2nd St. Cross, Tewkesbury, Albans, Towton, and Bosworth, and Stoke Hexham. Murdered in the tower Field. Later became Duke of Bed- after Tewkesbury. ford.

nd Queen Margaret of Anjou Sir Henry Tudor, 2 Earl of Richmond Strong-willed and Senior Lancastrian determined, she was heir after the death of a major figure on the Henry VI and Prince Lancastrian side. She Edward, he secured was an expert at get- the crown only after ting foreign support, and led the Bosworth and Stoke Field. faction after Henry VI lost his sanity. After Tewkesbury, she remained in exile at her ancestral home in France.

Sirs Edmund and Henry Beaufort, Prince Edward of Lancaster Dukes of Somerset Son of Henry VI and An illegitimate Lan- Queen Margaret. castrian line and Present at 2nd St. bitter rivals to the Albans, Towton, and houses of York and Tewkesbury, where Warwick. Fought at he was nominally in command. 1st St. Albans, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, Hedgeley Moor, Hexham, and Tewkesbury.

rd Sir Henry Holland, 3 Duke of Exeter Sir Humphrey Stafford, st1 Duke of Buckingham Sir Henry Holland, Led the Lancastrian 3rd Duke of Exeter A army at Northamp- staunch Lancastrian, ton, where he was he fought at Blore killed. Heath, Northampton, Wakefield, 2nd St. Albans, Towton, and Barnet; where he was badly wounded. After submitting to Ed- ward IV, he died at sea (drowned).

Sir Henry Stafford, nd2 Duke of Buckingham Sir Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Initially supported One of the richest Richard III, but later and most influential turned against him nobles in England, he and was arrested and was known as “The executed. Kingmaker” for his role in placing Edward IV on the throne. He fought for York at 1st St. Albans, Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Ferrybridge, and Towton. Later he turned away from Edward IV and allied himself with Margaret, and fought for Lan- caster at Barnet, where he was killed. Sir John Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire Second son of Hum- phrey, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Fought Sir John Neville, Lord Montague for York at Towton, Fought for Yorkists at Barnet, and Tewkes- Blore Heath, Wake- bury. field, 2nd St. Albans, Hedgeley Moor, and Hexham. Switched sides to support Lancaster and fought at Barnet.

Sir Humphrey Stafford, Baron Southwick Brother of Hum- phrey, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Fought Sir William Neville, Lord Fauconberg for York at 2nd St. Fought for Yorkists Albans and at Tow- at 1st St. Albans, ton. Later became Earl of Devon. Northampton, 2nd St. Albans, Ferrybridge, and Towton. A gifted and experienced commander.

Sir Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury Fought for Yorkists at 1st St. Albans, Blore rd Heath, Northamp- Sir Richard Plantagenet, 3 Duke of York ton, and Wakefield. Forced the issue His mother was a of succession with Beaufort, thus giving him some the Act of Accord. Lancastrian blood. Fought at 1st St. Al- bans and Wakefield, where he was killed. Descended by blood from the second son of Edward III, which actually gave him a better claim on the crown than Henry VI.

th PB 6.4 The Offices Sir Edward Plantagenet, 4 Duke of York Fought at 1st St. Al- King ~ OFFICE bans and Northamp- The head of the gov- ton. Commanded at ernment and seat of Mortimer’s Cross, ultimate power, the Towton, Barnet, and position of King is a Tewkesbury. Became King Edward prize coveted by many. IV. Married Elizabeth Woodville (Rivers) in secret, causing tension with the Earl of Warwick.

Sir Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland Fought and died at Wakefield, killed by Chancellor ~ OFFICE The Lord Chancel- Lord Clifford while lor is the officer re- fleeing the battle. sponsible for keeping the Great Seal of England, and is the King’s right hand man, especially in Parliament.

Sir George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Joined Warwick in rebellion against his Treasurer ~ OFFICE The man in charge of brother Edward IV, the money, the Trea- but recanted before surer collects all the Barnet. He fought at tax revenue and has Barnet and Tewkesbury. Arrested some say in how it and indicted for treason, legend is spent. says he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey for his execution.

Sir Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester Fought at Barnet and Tewkesbury. De- Marshal ~ OFFICE Responsible for the posed his nephew to safety of the mon- become Richard III. arch, the Marshal Killed at Bosworth. is the one that goes to war in the King’s place.

PB 6.5 Mercenaries Admiral ~ OFFICE With England being an island nation, Burgundian ~ MERCENARY FORCE After the Re-adaption Lord Admiral is an of Henry VI, Edward important posting. IV fled to the con- He handles all ship- tinent, but returned building and naval activity. quickly with 1500 retainers and Burgundian mercenaries, landing in Yorkshire in March 1471.

Captain ~ OFFICE The Captain is responsible for all that Scots ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1461, Margaret happens in the Town brought an army bol- of Calais, and the stered by a force of Pale surrounding it. Scottish troops into England, defeating Warwick at the 2nd battle of St. Albans.

Lieutenant ~ OFFICE Acting as Viceroy (king), the Lieuten- Welsh ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1485, a force of ant is ultimately re- some 4000 Welsh- sponsible for every- men, led by Rhys ap thing that happens in Thomas, joined with Ireland. Henry Tudor’s forces at Market Bosworth, where they confronted the army of Richard III.

Warden ~ OFFICE R e s p o n s i b l e f o r maintaining law and French ~ MERCENARY FORCE In 1462, Margaret order in the lands prevailed on an old bordering Scotland, family friend, Pierre we have created this de Breze, for help in pseudo-office out of the three his- reclaiming her king- torical Wardens (East, West, and dom. Pierre provided French troops Middle March). to aid Margaret’s attempt, but fierce storms sank the transports and the troops that did not drown were killed as soon as they came ashore.

e) Vote for King (24.2.3). Each Player votes (must be a Senior PB 7.0 Expanded Sequence of Play Heir at Parliament). Ally Cards playable now, too. f) Adjust Popular Support based on new King. Draw Phase (12.0) g) Adjust “Total Votes” markers to new order based on (e). a) Draw base hand. Each Player draws the base hand of five (5), minus any held Cards from last Turn. Victory Check Phase (25.0) b) Draw Bonus Cards. Each Player checks for bonus Cards up a) Military Victory (6.1) checked first. to maximum hand size of nine (9). b) Political Victory (6.2) checked second. • +1 for being King; controlling London, Calais and/or War- c) Economic Victory (6.3) only checked at end of game. End wick Block (two or three Players only) game here if this is last Game Turn. • +0 - +2 from Popular Support Track Office Phase (26.0) Operations Phase (13.0) (this Phase repeats) a) End of Offices. Return all Office Cards. a) Command Step. Each Player selects and places one Card b) New Officers: King randomly picks one Office Card. face down in front of him. Revealed simultaneously. c) Bid on Office. Players vote for Office using IPs from their b) Action Step. Players resolve their Actions in order from Stock. Highest non-zero bid wins. highest to lowest OPS. Actions can be the Event -OR- OPS. • Only for House with Noble able to hold Office * OPS used for (15.0): • IPs spent are lost, even if Office not won • Undeclared Heir (1 OPS/Heir) (15.1) • Attach the Office Block to any appropriate Noble • Land Movement (1 OPS/”stack”, 4 MPs) (16.0) d) Office Limits (26.3). Applies to current King, Chancellor • Sea Movement (3 OPS/”stack”) (17.0) and Treasurer, Henry VI, and Margaret. Otherwise, maximum • Mustering (1 OPS/step, > 1 = Depleted) (18.0) number of Offices per Noble = CR of Noble. • Political Influence (1 OPS/Noble) (19.0) e) Chancellor (if still Vacant). Awarded to Player with lowest c) Combat Step (20.0). After all Players have had an Action IPs gained this Turn who has a valid Noble to hold Office. Step, any Battles generated are resolved. Wintering Phase (27.0) d) Stacking Check. Also, hide all revealed Blocks (21.0). a) Non-Officer Nobles placed first. All Players will place their Influence Phase (23.0) available non-Officer Nobles, one Block at a time. a) Shires. Total of: SV for each Friendly-controlled Shire with Blocks • Nobles placed in order from highest to lowest votes received (+1 if same SL), and one (1) for each unoccupied same SL Shire. for King (so King places first) b) Add bonus Influence. Each Player checks for bonus Influence • First decide if any currently in Exile wish to stay for specific conditions. • Placed In-Play at full Combat strength into a valid Home • Block in a Home Estate (+1 IP) (23.1.2) Estate (one per Player, alternating) • Bonus IP’s from Office Cards (23.1.3) • If a Player Passes (only if no non-Officer Heirs left to place), rest of non-Officer Nobles go to Undeclared Pool. Ends • Ally Cards (if used now) (23.1.4) when none left, or all Players have Passed • Bonus IP’s from Popular Support Track (23.1.5) b) Officers Placed. Players place Officer Nobles starting from Rank 8 and ending at Rank 1 (i.e., the King is last). King Phase (24.0) a) Accumulate Economic VPs. c) Henry VI and Margaret. Place if not previously done so, per their placement requirements (27.4). 1) Each controlled Shire loyal to another Player = 1 VP. b) Remove Rebel markers and Mercenary Blocks. Clean Up Phase (28.0) c) Attend Parliament. a) Adjust Markers and Blocks (28.1). 1) Remove all Blocks not in Exile (including those Undeclared) • Remove all Depleted markers and place in front of controlling Player. • Replace Plundered and Devastated with Depleted 2) Gather Supporters from the RoP (24.2.1). • Unavailable Blocks (8.2) become Inactive (8.2) • King selects a Noble that has IP Markers on it • Turn over Margaret Card and any Office Cards • Reveal and compare IP totals (add Tendency Bonus, if non- b) Decide on Held Cards (28.2). zero bid, and any used Ally Cards) 1) Mandatory Cards must be held and count against limit. • Compare Highest Effective Bid (only) to Threshold c) Popular Support Adjustments (28.3) • If higher, than that House gains control of Noble • One or more Blocks in Exile = –1 Popular Support • If control is gained, Noble is In-Play and is placed with rest • Held Mandatory Cards = – OPS value (unless Operations of that House’s Nobles Phase ended due to Affairs of State) d) Calculate Votes. Each Player totals his votes from the Nobles • No Junior Heir = –1 Popular Support (if Player was capable he currently has in Parliament, including those just gained of playing a Junior Heir that OPS Phase) (24.2.2). d) Advance the Turn. Move Turn marker to the next Game Turn. • Sum of Ranks of controlled Nobles at Parliament • Officer and Popular Support Bonus Votes GMT Games, LLC • Ally Cards (if used now) (23.1.4) P.O. Box 1308 Hanford, CA 93232-1308