Feared Than Revered: Insects and Their Impact on Human Societies (With Some Specific Data on the Importance of Entomophagy in a Laotian Setting)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
New Aspects About Supella Longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016; 6(12): 1065–1075 1065 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Review article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.017 New aspects about Supella longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae) Hassan Nasirian* Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae) (S. longipalpa), Received 16 Jun 2015 recently has infested the buildings and hospitals in wide areas of Iran, and this review was Received in revised form 3 Jul 2015, prepared to identify current knowledge and knowledge gaps about the brown-banded 2nd revised form 7 Jun, 3rd revised cockroach. Scientific reports and peer-reviewed papers concerning S. longipalpa and form 18 Jul 2016 relevant topics were collected and synthesized with the objective of learning more about Accepted 10 Aug 2016 health-related impacts and possible management of S. longipalpa in Iran. Like the Available online 15 Oct 2016 German cockroach, the brown-banded cockroach is a known vector for food-borne dis- eases and drug resistant bacteria, contaminated by infectious disease agents, involved in human intestinal parasites and is the intermediate host of Trichospirura leptostoma and Keywords: Moniliformis moniliformis. Because its habitat is widespread, distributed throughout Brown-banded cockroach different areas of homes and buildings, it is difficult to control. -
Food Relocation and the Nesting Behavior in Scarabaeus and Kheper (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
ISSN 0065-1737 Acta Zoológica MexicanaActa Zool. (n.s.), Mex. 27(2): (n.s.) 305-324 27(2) (2011) FOOD RELOCATION AND THE NESTING BEHAVIOR IN SCARABAEUS AND KHEPER (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) Gonzalo HALFFTER, Violeta HALFFTER & Mario E. FAVILA Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, México. <[email protected]> Halffter, G., V. Halffter & M. E. Favila. 2011. Relocalización de alimento y comportamiento de nidificación en Scarabaeus y Kheper (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 27(2): 305-324. RESUMEN. En los últimos años se ha avanzado mucho en el conocimiento de las relaciones inter- sexuales y los comportamientos de nidificación de Scarabaeus Linnaeus y Kheper Janseen. En este trabajo, utilizando toda la literatura publicada, aunada a observaciones inéditas, se analizan en detalle las interacciones intrasexuales e intersexuales durante los periodos de alimentación, cópula y nidifica- ción en ambos géneros. En conjunto quedan definidos dos tipos de comportamientos: 1) El que hemos llamado tipo sacer cuyos rasgos más característicos son la ofrenda por el macho de una bola prenupcial que la hembra consume, pero no utiliza para la nidificación; más tarde, con el ovario ya maduro, la hembra puede nidificar sola sin nuevas cópulas ni apoyo del macho. 2) El que se presenta en numerosas especies africanas de Scarabaeus y Kheper, en las que la hembra copula con distintos machos, pero una vez desarrollado el ovario el proceso de nidificación es una actividad conjunta entre un macho y la hem- bra, fabricando la hembra con la bola rodada y enterada una o varias bolas-nido que reciben cuidados postoviposición. -
The Effects of Royal Jelly on Performance and Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Tissues in Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Reared Under High Stocking Density
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Turk J Vet Anim Sci (2014) 38: 271-277 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/vet-1303-62 The effects of royal jelly on performance and fatty acid profiles of different tissues in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under high stocking density 1 2 3 4, 4 3 İsmail SEVEN , Ülkü Gülcihan ŞİMŞEK , Zehra GÖKÇE , Pınar TATLI SEVEN *, Aslıhan ARSLAN , Ökkeş YILMAZ 1 Vocational School of Sivrice, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey 2 Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey 4 Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey Received: 27.03.2013 Accepted: 07.10.2013 Published Online: 21.04.2014 Printed: 20.05.2014 Abstract: To study the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on performance and fatty acid profiles, 168 unsexed 8-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Groups were arranged as follows: control (LSD; 160 cm2/quail and no supplementation), high stocking density (HSD; 80 cm2/quail and no supplementation), HSD-RJ 250 [80 cm2/quail and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) RJ given orally], and HSD-RJ 500 (80 cm2/quail and 500 mg/kg BW RJ given orally). Body weight gain decreased significantly in the HSD group at day 42 (P < 0.01). Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were also significantly affected in the HSD group (P < 0.01). FI and FCR were improved by both doses of RJ. -
Cyphosoma MNNH. to Touzalinia THY
Procrustomachia Occasional Papers of the Uncensored Scientists Group 2, 3: 15-64 Milanówek 25 VI 2017 ISSN 2543-7747 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Review of Indo-Pacific Dicercina GISTL (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Cyphosoma MNNH. to Touzalinia THY. Roman B. HOŁYŃSKI PL-05822 Milanówek, ul. Graniczna 35, skr. poczt. 65, POLAND e-mail: [email protected] This paper is dedicated to those Colleagues who prefer to help – rather than backbite and defame – the work of others. Introduction Dicercina GISTL, one of the largest and most widely distributed subtribes of the Buprestidae LEACH (several hundred – above 700 according to OBENBERGER 1926, 1930 – species in some 15-20 genera inhabiting almost all tropical and subtropical areas of the world), are represented in the Indo-Pacific Region by 10 genera and more than 100 species. The taxon comprises big or at least medium-sized, frequently colourful species, many of which are rather common, but nevertheless even their taxonomic relations and geographical distribution (to say nothing about bionomy) remain relatively poorly known: the last comprehensive review of the “Groupe Psilopterites Lac.” (KERREMANS 1910) is almost nine decades old and includes only a part of the subtribe as presently understood, my (HOŁYŃSKI 1999) dissertation is also incomplete (Ovalisia KERR. treated only at the subgeneric level) and anyway has remained unpublished, OBENBERGER’s (1926) world catalogue is already badly outdated, that of BELLAMY (2008) admittedly represents but uncritical compilation, and thus the recent revision of Dicerca ESCH. and Poecilonota ESCH. (HOŁYŃSKI 2005, 2011a) and of Indochinese Psiloptera SOL. by AKIYAMA & OHMOMO (1994) are the only more than exiguous contributions to the knowledge of the Indo-Pacific representatives of the Dicercina GISTL published in the last decades; as the easily understandable consequence the status and affinities of most forms are often falsely interpreted, names wrongly applied, and specimens in collections notoriously misidentified. -
Insect Habitat
[ABCDE] Volume 1, Issue 5 Oct. 9, 2001 CURRICULUM GUIDE: INSECT HABITAT e r I n E d u c a p a p t i o w s n P N e r o t g s r a P o m n t o g i n h s T a h e W C e u h r T r i f c u O l u e r m o C A t e T h h T e t C A o r m KLMNO e u l O u An Integrated Curriculum c f i r Resource Program T r h u e C W e a h s T h i n g t o n P m o a s r t g N o r e P w s n p o a i p t a e c r u I d n E IN THIS ISSUE Wild World of Bugs Reproducible Meet the Insects Insect Resources A scorching tale of Play the matching 2104 lunchtime and ants. game. Vocabulary Field Trip! Academic 3 Back Yard Lingo 7 Ah, the Smithsonian 11 Content Standards © 2001 The Washington Post Company An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program KLMNO Volume 1, Issue 5 Oct. 9, 2001 Insect Habitat KidsPost Article: “Mister Bug: Gary Hevel Found a Wild World in His Back Yard” Insect Resources Lesson: Observing and Classifying Insects On the Web and in Print Level: Beginning to Advanced ON THE WEB Subject: Science http://www1.bos.nl/~bijlmakers/entomology/begin.htm Procedure Entomology For Beginners Read and Discuss A site for children to introduce the anatomy of adult insects and the Give students copies of "Entomology: Ant's Thermal metamorphosis of insects Window of Opportunity" (see page 4). -
Cockroach Marion Copeland
Cockroach Marion Copeland Animal series Cockroach Animal Series editor: Jonathan Burt Already published Crow Boria Sax Tortoise Peter Young Ant Charlotte Sleigh Forthcoming Wolf Falcon Garry Marvin Helen Macdonald Bear Parrot Robert E. Bieder Paul Carter Horse Whale Sarah Wintle Joseph Roman Spider Rat Leslie Dick Jonathan Burt Dog Hare Susan McHugh Simon Carnell Snake Bee Drake Stutesman Claire Preston Oyster Rebecca Stott Cockroach Marion Copeland reaktion books Published by reaktion books ltd 79 Farringdon Road London ec1m 3ju, uk www.reaktionbooks.co.uk First published 2003 Copyright © Marion Copeland All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed and bound in Hong Kong British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Copeland, Marion Cockroach. – (Animal) 1. Cockroaches 2. Animals and civilization I. Title 595.7’28 isbn 1 86189 192 x Contents Introduction 7 1 A Living Fossil 15 2 What’s in a Name? 44 3 Fellow Traveller 60 4 In the Mind of Man: Myth, Folklore and the Arts 79 5 Tales from the Underside 107 6 Robo-roach 130 7 The Golden Cockroach 148 Timeline 170 Appendix: ‘La Cucaracha’ 172 References 174 Bibliography 186 Associations 189 Websites 190 Acknowledgements 191 Photo Acknowledgements 193 Index 196 Two types of cockroach, from the first major work of American natural history, published in 1747. Introduction The cockroach could not have scuttled along, almost unchanged, for over three hundred million years – some two hundred and ninety-nine million before man evolved – unless it was doing something right. -
The Genetics and Evolution of Iridescent Structural Colour in Heliconius Butterflies
The genetics and evolution of iridescent structural colour in Heliconius butterflies Melanie N. Brien A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Science Department of Animal & Plant Sciences Submission Date August 2019 1 2 Abstract The study of colouration has been essential in developing key concepts in evolutionary biology. The Heliconius butterflies are well-studied for their diverse aposematic and mimetic colour patterns, and these pigment colour patterns are largely controlled by a small number of homologous genes. Some Heliconius species also produce bright, highly reflective structural colours, but unlike pigment colour, little is known about the genetic basis of structural colouration in any species. In this thesis, I aim to explore the genetic basis of iridescent structural colour in two mimetic species, and investigate its adaptive function. Using experimental crosses between iridescent and non-iridescent subspecies of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, I show that iridescent colour is a quantitative trait by measuring colour variation in offspring. I then use a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping approach to identify loci controlling the trait in the co-mimics, finding that the genetic basis is not the same in the two species. In H. erato, the colour is strongly sex-linked, while in H. melpomene, we find a large effect locus on chromosome 3, plus a number of putative small effect loci in each species. Therefore, iridescence in Heliconius is not an example of repeated gene reuse. I then show that both iridescent colour and pigment colour are sexually dimorphic in H. -
Circularly Polarized Reflection from the Scarab Beetle Chalcothea Smaragdina: Rsfs.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Light Scattering by a Dual Photonic Structure
Circularly polarized reflection from the scarab beetle Chalcothea smaragdina: rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org light scattering by a dual photonic structure Luke T. McDonald1,2, Ewan D. Finlayson1, Bodo D. Wilts3 and Pete Vukusic1 Research 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK 2School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall Campus, Cork, Cite this article: McDonald LT, Finlayson ED, Republic of Ireland Wilts BD, Vukusic P. 2017 Circularly polarized 3Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland reflection from the scarab beetle Chalcothea LTM, 0000-0003-0896-1415; EDF, 0000-0002-0433-5313; BDW, 0000-0002-2727-7128 smaragdina: light scattering by a dual photonic structure. Interface Focus 7: 20160129. Helicoidal architectures comprising various polysaccharides, such as chitin http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0129 and cellulose, have been reported in biological systems. In some cases, these architectures exhibit stunning optical properties analogous to ordered cholesteric liquid crystal phases. In this work, we characterize the circularly One contribution of 17 to a theme issue polarized reflectance and optical scattering from the cuticle of the beetle ‘Growth and function of complex forms in Chalcothea smaragdina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) using optical biological tissue and synthetic self-assembly’. experiments, simulations and structural analysis. The selective reflection of left-handed circularly polarized light is attributed to a Bouligand-type Subject Areas: helicoidal morphology within the beetle’s exocuticle. Using electron microscopy to inform electromagnetic simulations of this anisotropic strati- biomaterials fied medium, the inextricable connection between the colour appearance of C. -
Honey Bees Identification, Biology, and Lifecycle Speaker: Donald Joslin Hive Consists of Three Types of Bees ◦ Queen, Drone and Worker
Honey Bees Identification, Biology, and Lifecycle Speaker: Donald Joslin Hive consists of three types of bees ◦ Queen, Drone and Worker For Year Color: Ending In: White 1 or 6 Yellow 2 or 7 Red 3 or 8 Green 4 or 9 Blue 5 or 0 Queen Marking Colors Queen Only Fertile female in the Hive Can lay 2000 eggs each day She can live 5 years, 3-years average One per colony usually Mates in flight with 7-150 drones Queen Her thorax is slightly larger No pollen baskets or wax glands Stinger is smoother and curved (and reusable) The Honey Bee Colony Queen Pheromones ◦ The “social glue” of the hive ◦ Gives the colony its identity and temperament ◦ Sends signals to the workers Mates once, in flight, with 7 to 150 drones Lays both fertilized and unfertilized eggs Fertilized eggs become workers or Queens Unfertilized eggs become drones How does an egg become a queen instead of a worker? ◦ Royal Jelly is fed to the larvae for a much longer period of time ◦ Royal Jelly is secreted from the hypopharynx of worker bees Royal Jelly Supercedure Cell (Never cut these unless you have a replacement queen ready) Basic Anatomy Worker ◦ Sterile female ◦ Does the work of the hive ◦ Have specialized body structures Brood food glands – royal jelly Scent glands (pheromones) Wax glands Pollen baskets Barbed stingers – Ouch! The Honey Bee Colony Worker Bees Perform Roles ◦ Nurse ◦ Guard ◦ Forager Castes Worker bees progress through very defined growth stages ◦ When first hatched they become Nurse Bees Clean cells, keeps brood warm, feed larvae Receive -
Body-Enlarging Effect of Royal Jelly in a Non-Holometabolous Insect Species, Gryllus Bimaculatus
© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Biology Open (2016) 5, 770-776 doi:10.1242/bio.019190 RESEARCH ARTICLE Body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a non-holometabolous insect species, Gryllus bimaculatus Atsushi Miyashita, Hayato Kizaki, Kazuhisa Sekimizu and Chikara Kaito* ABSTRACT (Conlon and Raff, 1999; Otto, 2007). These studies have provided Honeybee royal jelly is reported to have body-enlarging effects in significant insight into the principles of size regulation of living holometabolous insects such as the honeybee, fly and silkmoth, but organisms, although recent concerns over genetically modified its effect in non-holometabolous insect species has not yet been organisms have led researchers to evaluate other types of strategies examined. The present study confirmed the body-enlarging effect in to enlarge animals for industrial purposes. silkmoths fed an artificial diet instead of mulberry leaves used in the As a non-genetic size manipulation, oral ingestion of royal jelly previous literature. Administration of honeybee royal jelly to silkmoth by larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, a holometabolous from early larval stage increased the size of female pupae and hymenopteran insect, induces queen differentiation, leading to adult moths, but not larvae (at the late larval stage) or male pupae. enlarged bodies. Royal jelly contains 12-15% protein, 10-16% We further examined the body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a sugar, 3-6% lipids (percentages are wet-weight basis), vitamins, non-holometabolous species, the two-spotted cricket Gryllus salts, and free amino acids (Buttstedt et al., 2014). Royal jelly bimaculatus, which belongs to the evolutionarily primitive group contains proteins, named major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), which Polyneoptera. -
Wax, Wings, and Swarms: Insects and Their Products As Art Media
Wax, Wings, and Swarms: Insects and their Products as Art Media Barrett Anthony Klein Pupating Lab Biology Department, University of Wisconsin—La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601 email: [email protected] When citing this paper, please use the following: Klein BA. Submitted. Wax, Wings, and Swarms: Insects and their Products as Art Media. Annu. Rev. Entom. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020821-060803 Keywords art, cochineal, cultural entomology, ethnoentomology, insect media art, silk 1 Abstract Every facet of human culture is in some way affected by our abundant, diverse insect neighbors. Our relationship with insects has been on display throughout the history of art, sometimes explicitly, but frequently in inconspicuous ways. This is because artists can depict insects overtly, but they can also allude to insects conceptually, or use insect products in a purely utilitarian manner. Insects themselves can serve as art media, and artists have explored or exploited insects for their products (silk, wax, honey, propolis, carmine, shellac, nest paper), body parts (e.g., wings), and whole bodies (dead, alive, individually, or as collectives). This review surveys insects and their products used as media in the visual arts, and considers the untapped potential for artistic exploration of media derived from insects. The history, value, and ethics of “insect media art” are topics relevant at a time when the natural world is at unprecedented risk. INTRODUCTION The value of studying cultural entomology and insect art No review of human culture would be complete without art, and no review of art would be complete without the inclusion of insects. Cultural entomology, a field of study formalized in 1980 (43), and ambitiously reviewed 35 years ago by Charles Hogue (44), clearly illustrates that artists have an inordinate fondness for insects. -
Dung Beetle Kheper Lamarcki B
Semiochemicals of the Scarabaeinae, IV*: Identification of an Attractant for the Dung Beetle Pachylomerus femoralis in the Abdominal Secretion of the Dung Beetle Kheper lamarcki B. V. Burger1, W. G. B. Petersena, and G. D. Tribeb a Laboratory for Ecological Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa b Plant Protection Research Institute, Ryan Road, Rosebank 7700, South Africa Z. Naturforsch. 50c, 675-680 (1995); received March 15/May 11, 1995 Semiochemicals, Attractant, Dung Beetle, Scarabaeinae. Electroantennographic Detection Both sexes of the dung beetle Pachylomerus femoralis were observed to be attracted to the male dung beetle Kheper lamarcki when it exhibited typical calling behaviour including the release of a white flocculent sex-attracting secretion. Using GC-MS analysis and gas chromatography with electroantennographic (EAD) and flame ionization detection (FID) in parallel, methyl and ethyl propanoate. methyl and ethyl butanoate, methyl and ethyl penta- noate, and methyl and ethyl 4-pentenoate were identified as the constituents of the secretion that elicited electroantennographic responses in the antennae of male and female P. fem o ralis. In field tests, mixtures of these compounds were found to be about as attractive as horse dung. These esters appear to constitute an attractant for P. femoralis , enabling this species which does not form balls, to detect and utilize dung balls formed by K. lamarcki. P. femoralis has been observed to exploit food types as diverse as dung from rhinoceros and primates. It is therefore, possible that, on the other hand, this species utilizes different kairo- mones to detect various types of dung and that the coincidental presence of some or all of the components of one of these kairomones in the abdominal secretion of K.