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OPSIDIANET Comparative Rep OPSIDIANET VULNERABLE OFFENDERS THE RIGHTS OF SUSPECTS AND ACCUSED WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES This report strives to bring together strands of scientifc research from various felds, in order to shed some light on people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities and the challenges they face in their interaction with the police and judicial authorities during criminal proceedings. The report was developed within the framework of the project Ofenders with Psychosocial and Intellectual Disabilities: Identifcation, Assessment of Needs and Equal Treatment (OPSIDIANET), funded by the European Union’s Justice Programme (2014-2020). Author: Delyana Doseva, Attorney at law Reviewers: Panagiota Fitsiou, Psychologist-Psychotherapist, Society of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute for Children and Adults, Greece Ioannis Doumos, Psychologist-Psychotherapist, Aiginiteio Hospital, Kallithea Adult Mental Health Institute, Greece Inspector Desislava Viktorova, Homicide Unit, National Police General Directorate, Ph.D. candidate, Academy of the Ministry of the Interior, Bulgaria The information on Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy is based on the following national reports: Giovannini, N. and Zingoni, M. (2019), Procedural Rights of Suspects and Accused with Psychosocial and Intellectual Disabilities in Belgium, Brussels, Droit au Droit Ilcheva, M. (2019), Procedural Rights of Suspects and Accused with Psychosocial and Intellectual Disabilities in Bulgaria, Sofa, Center for the Study of Democracy Centre for European Constitutional Law (2019), Procedural Rights of Suspects and Accused with Psychosocial and Intellectual Disabilities in Greece, Athens, Centre for European Constitutional Law Simoncelli, L., Stefani, G. and Pieri, G. (2019), Procedural Rights of Suspects and Accused with Psychosocial and Intellectual Disabilities in Italy, Rimini, The Pope John XXIII Community Association This report was funded by the European Union’s Justice Programme (2014-2020). The content of this report represents the views of the authors only and is their sole respon- sibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ISBN: 978-954-477-386-1 Cover pictures: Pixabay Published by: Center for the Study of Democracy, 2019 5 Alexander Zhendov Str., 1113 Sofa Tel.: (+359 2) 971 3000, Fax: (+359 2) 971 2233 www.csd.bg, [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................................................5 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................................................................9 I. INTELLECTUAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITY ................................................................................ 13 1. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2. PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.1. MODELS OF DISABILITY ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2. NATURE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITY ...........................................................................................................................23 3. STATISTICAL DATA REGARDING PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL OR PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITIES ..............................................................................................................................................................24 3.1. STATISTICAL DATA ON EUROPEAN LEVEL .......................................................................................................................24 3.2. STATISTICAL DATA FROM BELGIUM ....................................................................................................................................25 3.3. STATISTICAL DATA FROM BULGARIA..................................................................................................................................28 3.4. STATISTICAL DATA FROM GREECE .......................................................................................................................................28 3.5. STATISTICAL DATA FROM ITALY .............................................................................................................................................29 3.6. STATISTICAL DATA FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM AND USA ......................................................................... 31 II. INTERNATIONAL AND SUPRANATIONAL STANDARDS ON RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES .......................................................................................................................................33 1. EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS ...........................................................................................................................36 2. THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE’S DISABILITY ACTION PLAN 2006-2015 AND DISABILITY STRATEGY 2017-2023 .....................................................................................................................................38 3. CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ....................................................................................40 4. EU LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................................................................................................................42 4.1. THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ...................................................42 4.2. DIRECTIVE 2012/13/EU ON THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ......................................................................................................................................................44 4.3. DIRECTIVE 2013/48/EU ON THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO A LAWYER IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND IN EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT PROCEEDINGS, AND ON THE RIGHT TO HAVE A THIRD PARTY INFORMED UPON DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY AND TO COMMUNICATE WITH THIRD PERSONS AND WITH CONSULAR AUTHORITIES WHILE DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY ............44 4.4. DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/1919 ON LEGAL AID FOR SUSPECTS AND ACCUSED PERSONS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND FOR REQUESTED PERSONS IN EUROPEAN ARREST WARRANT PROCEEDINGS .......................................................................................................45 4.5. COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION OF 27 NOVEMBER 2013 ON PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS FOR VULNERABLE PERSONS SUSPECTED OR ACCUSED IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS .....................................................................................................................................................45 III. LEGAL STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL OR INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ...................................................................................................................................47 1. LEGAL CAPACITY: DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE .......................................................................................................................49 2. LEGAL STATUS OF OFFENDERS WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN CRIMINAL LAW ..............................................................................................................................................................................................55 2.1. EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................55 2.2. ALTERNATIVE MEASURES ...........................................................................................................................................................56 IV. PROCEDURAL RULES AND PRACTICES APPLICABLE TO OFFENDERS WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL OR INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ..............................................................65 1. BELGIUM .................................................................................................................................................................................................................69 2. BULGARIA .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74 3. GREECE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................80 4. ITALY ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................84 V. CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES DURING CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS .........................................................................................................................................................................................89
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