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The Jurisprudence of the Infield Fly Rule
Brooklyn Law School BrooklynWorks Faculty Scholarship Summer 2004 Taking Pop-Ups Seriously: The urJ isprudence of the Infield lF y Rule Neil B. Cohen Brooklyn Law School, [email protected] S. W. Waller Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty Part of the Common Law Commons, Other Law Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation 82 Wash. U. L. Q. 453 (2004) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of BrooklynWorks. TAKING POP-UPS SERIOUSLY: THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE INFIELD FLY RULE NEIL B. COHEN* SPENCER WEBER WALLER** In 1975, the University of Pennsylvania published a remarkable item. Rather than being deemed an article, note, or comment, it was classified as an "Aside." The item was of course, The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule.' This piece of legal scholarship was remarkable in numerous ways. First, it was published anonymously and the author's identity was not known publicly for decades. 2 Second, it was genuinely funny, perhaps one of the funniest pieces of true scholarship in a field dominated mostly by turgid prose and ineffective attempts at humor by way of cutesy titles or bad puns. Third, it was short and to the point' in a field in which a reader new to law reviews would assume that authors are paid by the word or footnote. Fourth, the article was learned and actually about something-how baseball's infield fly rule4 is consistent with, and an example of, the common law processes of rule creation and legal reasoning in the Anglo-American tradition. -
Class 2 - the 2004 Red Sox - Agenda
The 2004 Red Sox Class 2 - The 2004 Red Sox - Agenda 1. The Red Sox 1902- 2000 2. The Fans, the Feud, the Curse 3. 2001 - The New Ownership 4. 2004 American League Championship Series (ALCS) 5. The 2004 World Series The Boston Red Sox Winning Percentage By Decade 1901-1910 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 .522 .572 .375 .483 .563 1951-1960 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-00 .510 .486 .528 .553 .521 2001-10 11-17 Total .594 .549 .521 Red Sox Title Flags by Decades 1901-1910 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 1 WS/2 Pnt 4 WS/4 Pnt 0 0 1 Pnt 1951-1960 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-00 0 1 Pnt 1 Pnt 1 Pnt/1 Div 1 Div 2001-10 11-17 Total 2 WS/2 Pnt 1 WS/1 Pnt/2 Div 8 WS/13 Pnt/4 Div The Most Successful Team in Baseball 1903-1919 • Five World Series Champions (1903/12/15/16/18) • One Pennant in 04 (but the NL refused to play Cy Young Joe Wood them in the WS) • Very good attendance Babe Ruth • A state of the art Tris stadium Speaker Harry Hooper Harry Frazee Red Sox Owner - Nov 1916 – July 1923 • Frazee was an ambitious Theater owner, Promoter, and Producer • Bought the Sox/Fenway for $1M in 1916 • The deal was not vetted with AL Commissioner Ban Johnson • Led to a split among AL Owners Fenway Park – 1912 – Inaugural Season Ban Johnson Charles Comiskey Jacob Ruppert Harry Frazee American Chicago NY Yankees Boston League White Sox Owner Red Sox Commissioner Owner Owner The Ruth Trade Sold to the Yankees Dec 1919 • Ruth no longer wanted to pitch • Was a problem player – drinking / leave the team • Ruth was holding out to double his salary • Frazee had a cash flow crunch between his businesses • He needed to pay the mortgage on Fenway Park • Frazee had two trade options: • White Sox – Joe Jackson and $60K • Yankees - $100K with a $300K second mortgage Frazee’s Fire Sale of the Red Sox 1919-1923 • Sells 8 players (all starters, and 3 HOF) to Yankees for over $450K • The Yankees created a dynasty from the trading relationship • Trades/sells his entire starting team within 3 years. -
Season Throwing Program ( Position Players) Day 1/3 Short
Moreau Off-season throwing Program ( Position Players) Day 1/3 Short Long Toss Day: *start with Jaeger Bands a. 8-10 throws at 15 feet (last 10%, wrist flips) b. 8-10 throws at 30 feet (feet facing partner, rotate and throw) c. 8-10 throws at 45 feet ( feet in power position, front-back-forward) d. 8-10 throws at 60 feet (step in front) e. 8-10 throws at 75 feet (step and throw) f. 8-10 throws at 90 feet (shuffle, throw ) g. 3-4 throws at 100 feet (shuffle, throw) h. 3-4 throws at 110 feet (shuffle, throw) i. 3-4 throws at 120 feet (shuffle throw) j. 3-4 throws at 110 feet (shuffle, throw) k. 3-4 throws at 100 feet (shuffle, throw) l. 3-4 throws at 120 feet (shuffle, shuffle, throw) m. 3-4 thows at 90 feet (shuffle, throw) n. 3-4 throws at 75 feet (shuffle, throw) o. 20 throws of quick catch at 60 feet Day 2- Long Toss Day Day 1- HeaVy Long Toss Day: *start with Jaeger Bands a. 8-10 throws at 15 feet (last 10%, wrist flips) b. 8-10 throws at 30 feet (feet facing partner, rotate and throw) c. 8-10 throws at 45 feet ( feet in power position, front-back-forward) d. 8-10 throws at 60 feet (step in front) e. 8-10 throws at 75 feet (step and throw) f. 8-10 throws at 90 feet (shuffle, throw ) g. 3-4 throws at 100 feet (shuffle, throw) h. 3-4 throws at 110 feet (shuffle, throw) i. -
Outfield Skills and Drills
Outfield Skills and Drills The following document is a high-level introduction to some outfield skills and description of potential drills. Skills General • Each player should have an opportunity to play an outfield position. Outfield is not punishment or a place to hide players less skilled. • Ready Position: should be in an athletic stance. Can stagger feet (glove side foot slightly in front) if prefer. • Backup, Backup, Backup. Outfielders should be exhausted because on every infield play they have a responsibility to backup the appropriate base. The one time an outfielder gets lazy, is the time of an overthrow, resulting in the opposing team receiving a free extra base/run. Backing up is effort and awareness. Catching • Catch ball at highest point (i.e. above shoulders) • Catch away from body • Catch the ball in the middle or throwing hand side • Two Hands only if stationary. One of the issues at the younger ages is that coaches mandating catching with 2 hands. Makes sense. However, catching with 2 hands is slow, limits the player’s range and not appropriate for certain situations (specifically tracking down balls in the outfield). Also, players use 2 hands because they aren’t confident in their ability to catch with one. That is why it’s so important to practice catching with one hand at a younger age. Fielding • Throwing a Runner Out / Do-or-Die → field ball on glove side. In general, should always coming up throwing. • Base Hit (nobody on) / Hard Hit Ball → field ball middle of body; do not let ball get by you. -
Here Comes the Strikeout
LEVEL 2.0 7573 HERE COMES THE STRIKEOUT BY LEONARD KESSLER In the spring the birds sing. The grass is green. Boys and girls run to play BASEBALL. Bobby plays baseball too. He can run the bases fast. He can slide. He can catch the ball. But he cannot hit the ball. He has never hit the ball. “Twenty times at bat and twenty strikeouts,” said Bobby. “I am in a bad slump.” “Next time try my good-luck bat,” said Willie. “Thank you,” said Bobby. “I hope it will help me get a hit.” “Boo, Bobby,” yelled the other team. “Easy out. Easy out. Here comes the strikeout.” “He can’t hit.” “Give him the fast ball.” Bobby stood at home plate and waited. The first pitch was a fast ball. “Strike one.” The next pitch was slow. Bobby swung hard, but he missed. “Strike two.” “Boo!” Strike him out!” “I will hit it this time,” said Bobby. He stepped out of the batter’s box. He tapped the lucky bat on the ground. He stepped back into the batter’s box. He waited for the pitch. It was fast ball right over the plate. Bobby swung. “STRIKE TRHEE! You are OUT!” The game was over. Bobby’s team had lost the game. “I did it again,” said Bobby. “Twenty –one time at bat. Twenty-one strikeouts. Take back your lucky bat, Willie. It was not lucky for me.” It was not a good day for Bobby. He had missed two fly balls. One dropped out of his glove. -
The Baseball Film in Postwar America ALSO by RON BRILEY and from MCFARLAND
The Baseball Film in Postwar America ALSO BY RON BRILEY AND FROM MCFARLAND The Politics of Baseball: Essays on the Pastime and Power at Home and Abroad (2010) Class at Bat, Gender on Deck and Race in the Hole: A Line-up of Essays on Twentieth Century Culture and America’s Game (2003) The Baseball Film in Postwar America A Critical Study, 1948–1962 RON BRILEY McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London All photographs provided by Photofest. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Briley, Ron, 1949– The baseball film in postwar America : a critical study, 1948– 1962 / Ron Briley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-6123-3 softcover : 50# alkaline paper 1. Baseball films—United States—History and criticism. I. Title. PN1995.9.B28B75 2011 791.43'6579—dc22 2011004853 BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE © 2011 Ron Briley. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. On the cover: center Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story, 1950 (Photofest) Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com Table of Contents Preface 1 Introduction: The Post-World War II Consensus and the Baseball Film Genre 9 1. The Babe Ruth Story (1948) and the Myth of American Innocence 17 2. Taming Rosie the Riveter: Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1949) 33 3. -
Guide to Softball Rules and Basics
Guide to Softball Rules and Basics History Softball was created by George Hancock in Chicago in 1887. The game originated as an indoor variation of baseball and was eventually converted to an outdoor game. The popularity of softball has grown considerably, both at the recreational and competitive levels. In fact, not only is women’s fast pitch softball a popular high school and college sport, it was recognized as an Olympic sport in 1996. Object of the Game To score more runs than the opposing team. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. Offense & Defense The primary objective of the offense is to score runs and avoid outs. The primary objective of the defense is to prevent runs and create outs. Offensive strategy A run is scored every time a base runner touches all four bases, in the sequence of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and home. To score a run, a batter must hit the ball into play and then run to circle the bases, counterclockwise. On offense, each time a player is at-bat, she attempts to get on base via hit or walk. A hit occurs when she hits the ball into the field of play and reaches 1st base before the defense throws the ball to the base, or gets an extra base (2nd, 3rd, or home) before being tagged out. A walk occurs when the pitcher throws four balls. It is rare that a hitter can round all the bases during her own at-bat; therefore, her strategy is often to get “on base” and advance during the next at-bat. -
Conestoga Valley Little League® Spring
CVLL Conestoga Valley Little League® INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Play Ball! Rules, regulations and other important information for both parents and players GROUPS AND PARTIES Team Rosters Player and coach listings for every team, by age group Field Locations Directions to each of the regularly-used ball fields Thank You Special thanks to all sponsors, supporters and volunteers who help make the season possible Spring 2013 Program Dear Players, Family, and Friends: Welcome to our 22nd year as the Conestoga Valley Little League®. This is my family’s ninth year with CVLL and my second year serving as President. I am pleased to have my own children part of an organization that emphasizes character, team-building, healthy competition, and good clean fun. As we begin a new season, I’m excited about more opportunities to meet new people and develop ball players. Any organization is only as good as the people who run it and I am grateful for the many quality families who play a role in making our league successful. I want to thank all of our CVLL Board Members, Managers, Coaches, Umpires, Team Parents, Field Workers, Business Sponsors and Concession Stand Volunteers who make it all happen. Without everyone ‘pitching’ in to help, our league could not succeed. I want to express my sincerest appreciation to everyone who sacrifices a portion of their time to help. Please stay connected with your child’s coach and our website to learn how you can be of assistance with the needs of CVLL. I encourage you to observe the sponsors listed in the program booklet. -
Baseball Juiced Up: Should the Increased Risk Associated with the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances Create Tort Liability
Volume 15 Issue 2 Article 5 2008 Baseball Juiced Up: Should the Increased Risk Associated with the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances Create Tort Liability Gregory D. Hanscom Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Gregory D. Hanscom, Baseball Juiced Up: Should the Increased Risk Associated with the Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances Create Tort Liability, 15 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 367 (2008). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol15/iss2/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Hanscom: Baseball Juiced Up: Should the Increased Risk Associated with the Comments BASEBALL JUICED UP: SHOULD THE INCREASED RISK ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF PERFORMANCE- ENHANCING SUBSTANCES CREATE TORT LIABILITY? I. INTRODUCTION Injury is an inherent risk in all athletic competitions, but an alarming trend increasing this danger is the prevalence of steroids, human growth hormones and other illegal performance-enhancing drugs.' Most courts, recognizing that injuries are an unavoidable aspect of athletics, adopted the doctrine of "volenti non fit injuria" establishing that "one who takes part in . a sport accepts the dangers that inhere in it so far as they are obvious and necessary .... 2 This doctrine was the underlying justification for allowing defendants, in sports injury cases, to use the assumption of the risk defense. -
RULE 4 Ball in Play, Dead Ball, out of Bounds
RULE 4 Ball in Play, Dead Ball, Out of Bounds SECTION 1. Ball in Play–Dead Ball Dead Ball Becomes Alive ARTICLE 1. After adead ball is ready for play,itbecomes a live ball when it is legally snapped or legally free-kicked. A ball snapped or free-kicked before it is ready for play remains dead. (A.R. 2-16-4:I)(A.R. 4-1-4:I and II)(A.R. 7-1-3:IV)(A.R. 7-1-5:I and II) Live Ball Becomes Dead ARTICLE 2. a. Aliv e ball becomes a dead ball as provided in the rules, or when an official sounds his whistle (eventhough inadvertently), or otherwise signals the ball dead. (A.R. 4-2-1:II)(A.R. 4-2-4:I) b. Ifanoff icial sounds his whistle inadvertently or otherwise signals the ball dead during a down (Rules 4-1-3-k, 4-1-3-m and 4-1-3-n) (A.R. 4-1-2:I-V): 1. When the ball is in player possession, the team in possession may elect to put the ball in play where declared dead or repeat the down. 2. When the ball is loose from a fumble, backward pass or illegalpass, the team in possession may elect to put the ball in play where possession was lost or repeat the down. Exceptions: (1) Rule 12. (2) If there is a clear catch, recovery or interception of a loose ball in the immediate continuing action after the inadvertent whistle, then the ball belongs to the recovering team at the spot of the recovery and anyadvance is nullified. -
Kinematically Optimal Catching a Flying Ball with a Hand-Arm-System
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Transport Research:Publications Kinematically Optimal Catching a Flying Ball with a Hand-Arm-System Berthold Bauml,¨ Thomas Wimbock¨ and Gerd Hirzinger Abstract— A robotic ball-catching system built from a multi- purpose 7-DOF lightweight arm (DLR-LWR-III) and a 12 DOF four-fingered hand (DLR-Hand-II) is presented. Other than in previous work a mechatronically complex dexterous hand is used for grasping the ball and the decision of where, when and how to catch the ball, while obeying joint, speed and work cell limits, is formulated as an unified nonlinear optimization problem with nonlinear constraints. Three different objective functions are implemented, leading to significantly different robot movements. The high computational demands of an online realtime optimization are met by parallel computation on distributed computing resources (a cluster with 32 CPU cores). The system achieves a catch rate of > 80% and is regularly shown as a live demo at our institute. I. INTRODUCTION Fig. 1. The hand-arm system catching a ball. The system is built from the DLR-LWR-III arm with N = 7 DOF [7] and the 12 DOF DLR-Hand-II [8]. Catching a thrown ball with a hand is not easy – neither All joints are equipped with torque sensors and are impedance controlled. for humans nor for robots . It demands for a tight interplay of Weight: LWR-III 14 kg; Hand-II 2 kg. skills in mechanics, control, planning and visual sensing to reach the necessary precision in space and time. -
Softball Basics INFIELD: OUTFIELD
Softball Basics INFIELD: Keep your eye on the pitcher, when they are ready to pitch you should be in Ready position. If the ball is hit to the infield right side, shortstop would cover second base. If the ball is hit to the infield left side, then second baseman covers second base. Second baseman and shortstop are typically the cut-off for outfielders throwing into the infield. If ball hit to outfield right or right center, second baseman would turn to take the throw from the outfield and shortstop would cover second base. Pitcher should back up second baseman. If ball hit to outfield left or left center, shortstop would turn to take the throw from the outfield and second baseman would cover second base. Pitcher should back up shortstop. Infield when runners are on base you must remember to not block the runner’s base path. First baseman if the ball is not playable for you, get to first base and get positioned to take a throw. Always give the other fielders a target by holding your glove out. Catcher should always be alert to pop-ups they might be able to get to for a catch. Catcher should field a dribbler out in front of the plate or along either baseline. Catcher, if runner on third be positioned to take a throw at the plate if ball hit in infield. Pitcher, always be sure your team is ready and positioned before pitching. Pitcher, turnaround and loudly announce how many outs there are and where the play is (plays at first),.