l98sl HODEL:NEW PRITCHARDIA 31

Principes,29(l), 1985, pp. 31-34

A New Pritchardia from South Kona. Hawaii

Donern R. Honu 881 Sycamore, La Habra, CA 90631

In 1960, while clearing land in Kapua 30, petiolis arcuatis ad 205 cm longis, and Papa in South Kona, Hawaii, Mr. laminis lucidis, apicibus segmentorum George Schattauer came across several pendulis; inflorescentiaetenues, 2-4 axi- specimensof an elegant, tall fan palm of bus ad 175 cm longis, bracteis juventute the genus Pritchardia previously not tomento longo pallido infuscatio tectis; known to occur in that area of Hawaii. fructus magnus globosusvel obovoideus, Recognizingthe significanceof his discov- 3.0-5.5 cm longus. ery, Mr. Schattauer left the palms stand- Typus: Hawaiian Islands, H. E. Moore, ing in the cleared areas of the forest. In Jr., D. R. Hodel,I. R. Judd, III, and R. 1969 and 1970 Mr. Schattauersent fruits (holotypus 'Weissich, H. Phillips 10570 BH). of these palms to Mr. Paul Single stemmed, tall, unarmed, pleon- director of Honolulu Botanic Gardens. anthic, hermaphrodite palm to 30(40) m Upon seeingthe relatively large fruits and tall, 30 cm in diameter, cortex gray, lon- noting the description and locality of the gitudinally grooved but not corky. Leaves palms he realized that they could not be ca. 30, forming a spherical crown, some- associatedwith any known species. Mr. times old leaves persistent and forming a Weissich alerted me to these palms while short skirt; petioles elongate, arching, to I was doing field work on the island of 205 cm long, to 27 cm wide at base, tg Hawaii n 1976 under the auspicesof the 5 cm wide at tip, densely tawny-woolly Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. Mr. below, glabrous above, margins long Schattauer took me to see these palms, fibrous; ligule to 7 cm long, to 2.5 cm and I was able to collect fallen fruits, inflo- wide, hemispherical;blade glossy,not stiff, rescences,and leaves. I had the oppor- to 155 cm long, 170 cm wide, cdntral tunity to visit the palms on several occa- undivided part to 105 cm long, left and sionsduring the next four years and make right lateral segmentsfrom apex to base further collections. Finally in 1980 I vis- of blade progressively shorter while divided ited the palms for the last time in the portions of these lateral segments pro- companyof the late Dr. H. E. Moore, Jr. gressivelylonger, central segmentsto 5.5 (seeHodel I9B2). From field observations cm wide at point of disjunction becoming and examination of herbarium material I progressivelynarrower towards base, seg- have ascertainedthat these palms repre- ment tips pendulous,blade green and gla- sent a new speciesof Pritchardia as was brous above and greenish below, under- alluded to in an earlier paper (Hodel side moderately covered with pale brown, 1980). elliptic to circular scales; dense woolly tomentum extending from underside of petiole onto blade and along ridges of seg- Pritchardia schattaueri D. R. Hodel. ment folds. Inflorescence branched, with sp. nov. (Fig. l). 2-4 axesfrom the base,each terminating Arbor ad 30(40) m alta, caudice30 cm in a panicle, slenderand more or lesspen- diametro, cortice non suberosa:folia circa dulous,I2O-I75 cm long, 3.5-4.0 cm 29 PRINCIPES lVoL.

mm long, I.5 mm wide, stYle 2'5-3'0 mm long, sliehtly triangular in cross sec- tion. Fniit brJwnto black with brown spots when mature, variable in shape and size' eloboseto obovoid 3-5 x 3-4 cm; exo- Iarp 0.5 mm thick. mesocarpvariable in thicknessfrom 1.5-6.0 mm at base,I'3 mm in-middle, to l0 mm thick at pedicel end, more or less fibrous or slightly c-orky, endocarp I.0-1.5 mm thick; seed glo- bose,2.b-2.5 cm long and wide, or sub- slobose,1.6 x l.B cm; embryolateral or Jub-basal,cylindrical, 3.5 x l'5 mm' Distribuiion: Known in the wild from onlv twelve individuals occurring in par- tialiv cleared, disturbed, mixed Metrosi- deros forest from 600-800 m altitude' Lands of PaPa, Honomalino, and KaPua' South Kona on the island of Hawaii' SpecirnensExamined: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, Hawaii, District of South Kona, Lands of PaPa, Ho'omau Ranch' "u. l5O m altitude, partially cleared' dis-- locality' forest' 19 Fie. l. Pritchardia schattaueri, type it.b"d, mrxed Metiosideros D' R; PaPa, South Kona, Hawaii' J,rrr" iggo, H. E. Moore, Jr', Eod'el, J. R. Iud'd', lII, and R' H' P-hil' 1'0570 (holotype, BH); type localitv' wideat base;individual axes 100-140 cm lips i'Aoril Lg7'6, D'.'R' HodeLand "I' R' long, I.0-I.5 cm in diameter;panicle 24- ilt 169 (PTBG); Lands of Kap^ua' 32"cm long, to 34 cm wide, lowest panicle !ud.ct, in Macadamia nut orchard that was for- branches "omposed of 3-5 branchlets to M"trosid'eros forest, 30 March long, *iddl" branchescomposed of m.rly l7 cm G' McDonough cm long, uPPer isli, t. E. Bishop and I-2 branchlets, 12-16 (uH). branchessimple to 12 cm long, lower pan- rB32 Cuitiaated,: Wahiawa Gardens of icle branchlets 4 mm in diameter, upper Honolulu Botanic Gardens, Honolulu, paniclebranchlets I mm in diameter;pro- Hawaii, HBG 70'042 and HBG 69'698' ohvll and peduncularbracts not seen'new B 1983, R. Kariel s'n' ilru"t, "ou".ed with rather long, light June Vernacular Name: lo'ulu' This name brown tomentum, bracts long-lanceolate was applied to all speciesof Pritchardia in shape,Iower bracts to 60 cm long, ter- in Hawaii and is still popularlyused today' minal bracts 20-30 cm long, bracts 5 in Hawane was the name for the edible' number (excluding prophyll and pedun- immature fruits of the various Pritchar- cular bracts), progressively shorter from d'ia spp. in Hawaii. lower to terminal bract' Calyx green' Piichard.ia schattaueri is named for shading to yellow-green apically'-barrel- Mr. George Schattauer of Kona, Hawaii shapedl 3-toothed,6 x 4 mm; filaments who discoiered the palms, recognizedtheir O" i.S-Z.S mm long,filament base orange' sienificance, and brought them to the exserted2'0-2.5 mm beyond calyx, 3 mm aitention of others' His fondness of in diameter, filament ring 5 mm long; Hawaiian plants and interest in preserving anthers 3.0-3.5 x 0'5 mm; ovarY 3'5 r9851 HODEL:NEW PRITCHARDIA 33

the flora and fauna of Hawaii deserverec- related to P. beccarianabvt differs in thl ognition. less ramified panicle, more slender inflo- Seedsof Pritchardia schattaueri were rescenceaxes, more deeply divided leaves, sent to The Palm Society Seed Bank in and pendulousrather than stiff tips of the L976 as Hod,el 169. leaf blade segments.P. schattaueri differs Habitat: R. schattaueri grows on from P. eriostachya, P. lanigera, and, gently sloping, rocky, well-drained soils. the probably extinct P. m.ontis-keain the Average annual rainfall is about 200 cm lack of thick woolly tomentum covering with a majority of this falling from April the bracis and'panicles,the more slender through September. Although they now inflorescenceaxes, the more ramified pan- occur in open spaces and fully exposed, icle. and more slender rachillae. It differs P. schattaueri must be considereda palm from P. afi.nis n the pendulous tips of of the forest since before being cleared the leaf blade segments,longer and more the area was covered by forest dominated slenderinflorescence axes, Iarger fruits and by Metrosideros collina. The height of a woody rather than corky texture to the the forest canopy was approximately 30 cortex of the trunk. m as evidenced by the present day rem- The surrrival of P. schattaueri ln the nant stands of. Metrosid,eroscollina. The wild is certainly doubtful. Although all the height of P. schattaueri, 30-40 m, indi- trees comprisingthe populationare mature cates that it was at least a canopy dweller and several produce fruit regularll, their if not an emergent of the mature forest. habitat is so altered or disturbed that Other associatedspecies include Freyci- regenerationis nonexistent. Of the twelve netia arborea, Psychotria hawaiiensis, remaining individuals, ten occur in pas- Xylosma hawaiiense, Myrsine lasser- tureland where grazing cattle and wild pigs tiana, Tetraplasandra hawaiiensis, crush or eat fallen or sprouted seeds.One Pisonia brunoniana, Antidesma platy- of the remaining twelve is located in a phyllum, Cibotium chamissoi, and,Sad- commercial Macadamia nut orchard d.leria cyatheoides. where extraneousplant growth in orchard The distribution of P. schattaueri is rows is discouraged. The last occurs in somewhatof an enigma. Ten of the twelve very disturbed, weedy Metrosid.eros for- individuals occur within 400 m of each est remnants where weed growth and other in Papa while the remaining two are graing wild animals prevent regeneration several kilometers distant in Honomalino while a proposed housing development and Kapua. The more or less same type threatens the survival of the mature spec- of forest found in these areas extends in imen. P. schattaueri should be given the a barid with some degree of uniformity for official status of very rare, very local, and a distance of approximately 50 km to the endangeredaccording to the criteria out- north along the west sides of Mauna Loa lined by Fosbergand Herbst (1975). and Hualalai.Yet P. schattaueriis absent It is my observationthat several of the from this large forested area which appar- specimensare approachingthe end of their ently is a very suitable environment for natural life. Their crowns are much its growth and development. Although reduced, being only hemispherical not several cultivated individuals o{ P. ffinis spherical in shape. Flower and fruit pro- occur near old Hawaiian homesites near duction is minimal and these palms have tlris area, why P. schattaueri has not been a generally unthrifty appearance. Until reported is perplexing. these trees are afforded protection from Of the five other named species of grazingcattle, wild animals, weed growth, Pritchardia on the island of Hawaii" P. and land development, their future as a schattaueri is apparently most closely viable, existing, wild populationis doomed. PRINCIPES [Vor. 29 J+ of L. H. Bailey Hortorium. and Animal-proof fencing around key individ- Hyypio Carr of the University of Hawaii uals of the population and a weed man- C"*ja material while Rachel Kar- agement program within these enclosures lent herbarium Botanic Gardens sent ,ritil ."g".t"tation is resumed may offer a iel of Honolulu from cultivation. Paul Weissich solutionl In addition, seedscould be col- material my interest in Pritchardia and Iected, seedlingsgerminated and grown in inspired me io the existenceof these palms' a nursery until of suitable size, and then alerted R. Jr. was very supportive of replantei within the animal-proof enclo- James Judd, in pursuing studies of Pritch' sures.This may prove to be beneficialand my efforts on Hawiii. James R. Judd, III was expedient to the- regeneration process' It oid.io selflesscompanion in the field for is iroped that the naming of this palm will a very a happy and memorable daY- in help 1o publicize its precarious existence manf Lastly, my wife, Marianne, toler- u.rd t"trrit in efforts to protect and enhance Kona. my preoccupations for extended its survival as a viable, wild population' ated periods with grace and understanding' AII Acknowledgments deservemy sincere aPPreciation'

Several individuals and institutions have LlrunlruRr Ctrnl assistedme in this study. In addition to HERBST. 1975. Rare and discoveringthese palms and bringing-them FosBERc,F. H. eNo D. species of Hawaiian plants' Aller- of others, George Schat- endangered to the attention tonia 1: I-72. making tauer was instrumental in Hoorl, D. 1980. Notes on Pritchardia in Hawaii' arranqements for me to visit the palms' Principes24:65-8I. 26: Wili; Theobald and TimothY FlYnn of 1982. Hal's last palms' Principes 37. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Peter I 35-I

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PALM LITERATURE ffirrarNimon

GeNrnY,A. H. I981. New sPeciesand :ffi a new combination in Pahnae, Thea- ceaeoAraliaceae, APocYnaceae,and e, ::ri'r::;,::l: '?i""i:]":i:i;l"i"l:lT;"I :::li.', '"" *.'-".. ' , .' ** Bisnoniaceae from the Choc6 and -,tri'#.ffi Ariazonian Peru. Ann' Missouri Bot' y,r,ffi ,-*'ilxitffiAm'.{7111_ Card.68: ll2-I2I- chocoensis A' GentrY is Aiphanes .,** *':::i1'i: t?T,%"5::*?f,li5:#1x*' describedfrom the Choc6 region, in West- ern Colombia.Although the author revised - Burret's(L932) synopsisofthe genus,and **":fl1:::l"J-'.:^i:|,ll",i:"fl::iltxl?l:"11'lfll::?"#iri:,;''ff#il:tr;;;dEa even criticizes it, he neverthelessover- ai:g:,r;'1,':#g* trllslff?lffil' {i*{#,::=1* looked Aiphanes macroloba Burret, a sneciesdescribed there, and which appears ..i5ffYflSss-""*'*.* to be identicalto A. chocoensls'Both type localities are less than 140 kilometers aoart. A formal reductionof A' chocoen- sis A. Gentry to synonYmY under l' will be madeelsewhere' macrolobaBurret i I drflh.trb.tu.d md. ryl \ [email protected]' l/ RooRIco BsnNel-Con z,q,lEz