Geology of 1: 10 000 Sheet NY86SW and the Southern Parts of NY86NW
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Geology of 1:10 000 sheet NY86SW and the southern parts of NY86NW and NY76NE Geology and Landscape Northern Britain Programme Internal Report IR/06/053 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE NORTHERN BRITAIN PROGRAMME INTERNAL REPORT IR/06/053 Geology of 1:10 000 sheet NY86SW and the southern parts of NY86NW and NY76NE B Young The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Compiler Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2005. K Whitbread Keywords Report; Northumberland, Northumberland Basin, Dinantian, Namurian, Yoredale Group, Pennine Coal Measures. Bibliographical reference YOUNG B. 2006. Geology of 1:10 000 sheet NY86SW and the southern parts of NY86NW and NY76NE. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/06/053. 36pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2005. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2006 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey offices Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG The London Information Office also maintains a reference 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation. e-mail: [email protected] The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other www.bgs.ac.uk publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Shop online at: www.geologyshop.com Desks. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency 0131-667 1000 Fax 0131-668 2683 service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the e-mail: [email protected] surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department London Information Office at the Natural History Museum for International Development and other agencies. (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. 020-7589 4090 Fax 020-7584 8270 020-7942 5344/45 email: [email protected] Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton, Exeter, Devon EX2 7HU 01392-445271 Fax 01392-445371 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF 028-9038 8462 Fax 028-9038 8461 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB 01491-838800 Fax 01491-692345 Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff, CF15 7NE 029–2052 1962 Fax 029–2052 1963 Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1EU 01793-411500 Fax 01793-411501 www.nerc.ac.uk IR/06/053; Version 1.0 Last modified: 2006/04/27 09:36 Foreword This field report is a description of the geology of 1:10 000 sheet NY86SW and the southern parts of NY76NE and NY86NW. Survey was carried out by B Young during 1996 and 2005. Geological mapping of the northern halves of Sheets NY86NW and NY76NE was completed by D V Frost and D W Holliday in 1968 and D V Frost in 1968-69 respectively, as part of the re- survey of BGS 1:50 000 Scale Sheet 13 (Bellingham). The report summarises details of the geology of the area mapped along with key local information. This area forms part of the 1:50 000-scale geological map for Hexham, England and Wales Sheet 19. Completion of this work formed part of the Northern England – Alston Block Project within the Geology and Landscape of Northern Britain Programme. This report has been compiled by K Whitbread from three separate draft documents prepared by the author. The report has been edited by D Millward. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the co-operation of the landowners within the area. Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................i Contents...........................................................................................................................................i Summary.......................................................................................................................................iii 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1 2 Geological setting ................................................................................................................... 1 3 Carboniferous nomenclature ................................................................................................ 1 4 Dinantian rocks: Alston Formation...................................................................................... 2 4.1 The Shotto Wood Limestone cyclothem ........................................................................ 2 4.2 The Eelwell (Scar) Limestone cyclothem ...................................................................... 2 4.3 The Redhouse Burn Middle (Five Yard) Limestone cyclothem .................................... 3 4.4 the Three Yard Limestone cyclothem ............................................................................ 3 4.5 The Four Fathom Limestone cyclothem......................................................................... 5 4.6 Great Limestone .............................................................................................................7 5 Namurian rocks: Stainmore Formation............................................................................... 9 5.1 Strata between the Great and Little limestones, including the Little Limestone Coal ... 9 5.2 The Little Limestone cyclothem................................................................................... 10 5.3 The Oakwood Limestone cyclothem............................................................................ 12 5.4 Beds between the Oakwood and Belsay Dene limestones ........................................... 12 i IR/06/053; Version 1.0 Last modified: 2006/04/27 09:36 5.5 Belsay Dene Limestone cyclothem .............................................................................. 13 5.6 Corbridge Limestone cyclothem .................................................................................. 13 5.7 Thornbrough Limestone cyclothem.............................................................................. 14 5.8 Upper Felltop Limestone cyclothem and overlying beds............................................. 14 6 Westphalian rocks: Pennine Coal Measures Group......................................................... 15 7 Intrusive igneous rocks........................................................................................................ 15 8 Structure ............................................................................................................................... 15 9 Mineralisation....................................................................................................................... 17 10 Quaternary and Artificial deposits..................................................................................... 19 10.1 Glacial Erosion Features and Meltwater Channels....................................................... 19 10.2 Till or boulder clay ....................................................................................................... 19 10.3 Glaciofluvial deposits................................................................................................... 20 10.4 Alluvium, River Terrace and Alluvial Fan Deposits .................................................... 20 10.5 Peat ............................................................................................................................... 21 10.6 Landslip ........................................................................................................................ 21 10.7 Artificial Ground.......................................................................................................... 22 11 Economic geology................................................................................................................. 22 11.1 Sandstone...................................................................................................................... 22 11.2 Limestone ..................................................................................................................... 23 11.3 Coal............................................................................................................................... 23 11.4