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CUBIERTA SCHERZO FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 16:52 Página 1 CUBIERTA SCHERZO FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 16:52 Página 1 REVISTA DE MÚSICA $xR;;,,,1$EULOĄ DOSIER Adolfo Salazar ENCUENTROS Christian Thielemann ANIVERSARIO Año XXIII - Nº 229 Abril 2008 100 años del Palau de la Música Catalana ACTUALIDAD Bernd Alois Zimmermann Ernst Krenek REFERENCIAS Variaciones Haydn de Brahms BRAHMS ECI FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 15:57 Página 1 1-16 FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 21:39 Página 1 AÑO XXIII - Nº 229 - Abril 2008 - 6,50 € 2 OPINIÓN La crítica y las ideas Jorge de Persia 114 CON NOMBRE Salazar y la crítica PROPIO moderna española Tomás Marco 120 6 Bernd Alois Zimmermann La faceta de compositor Francisco Ramos Alberto González Lapuente 124 8 Ernst Krenek Un musicólogo en el Santiago Martín Bermúdez destierro Consuelo Carredano 130 10 AGENDA ENCUENTROS 18 ACTUALIDAD Christian Thielemann NACIONAL Juan-Gastón Messerschmidt 138 46 ACTUALIDAD REPORTAJE INTERNACIONAL Los cien años del Palau Javier Pérez Senz 144 60 ENTREVISTA EDUCACIÓN Matthias Goerne Pedro Sarmiento 148 Bruno Serrou JAZZ 64 Discos del mes Pablo Sanz 150 65 SCHERZO DISCOS LIBROS 152 Sumario LA GUÍA 154 DOSSIER CONTRAPUNTO 113 Adolfo Salazar Norman Lebrecht 160 Colaboran en este número: Javier Alfaya, Daniel Álvarez Vázquez, Julio Andrade Malde, Emili Blasco, Alfredo Brotons Muñoz, José Antonio Cantón, Consuelo Carredano, Jacobo Cortines, Pierre Élie Mamou, José Luis Fernández, Fernando Fraga, Germán Gan Quesada, Manuel García Franco, José Antonio García y García, Carmen Dolores García González, Juan García-Rico, Alberto González Lapuente, José Guerrero Martín, Fernando Herrero, Bernd Hoppe, Paul Korenhof, Antonio Lasierra, Norman Lebrecht, Fiona Maddocks, Tomás Marco, Bernardo Mariano, Santiago Martín Bermúdez, Leticia Martín Ruiz, Joaquín Martín de Sagarmínaga, Enrique Martínez Miura, Blas Matamoro, Juan-Gastón Messerschmidt, Erna Metdepenninghen, Juan Carlos Moreno, Antonio Muñoz Molina, Miguel Ángel Nepomuceno, Rafael Ortega Basagoiti, Josep Pascual, Enrique Pérez Adrián, Javier Pérez Senz, Jorge de Persia, Paolo Petazzi, Francisco Ramos, Arturo Reverter, Luis Fernando Rivero Pérez, David Rodríguez Cerdán, Jaime Rodríguez Pombo, Pablo Sanz, Pedro Sarmiento, Bruno Serrou, Franco Soda, Christian Springer, Luis Suñén, José Luis Téllez, Guzmán Urrero Peña, Asier Vallejo Ugarte, Claire Vaquero Williams, Pablo J. Vayón, Juan Manuel Viana, Albert Vilardell, Carlos Vílchez Negrín, Federico Villalba, Reinmar Wagner. Traducciones: Rafael Banús Irusta y Blas Matamoro (alemán) - Enrique Martínez Miura (italiano) - Barbara McShane (inglés) Juan Manuel Viana (francés) Impreso en papel 100% libre de cloro PRECIO DE LA SUSCRIPCIÓN: Esta revista es miembro de ARCE, SCHERZO es una publicación de carácter plural y no pertenece ni está adscri- por un año (11 Números) Asociación de Revistas Culturales de ta a ningún organismo público ni privado. La dirección respeta la libertad de España, y de CEDRO, Centro Español expresión de sus colaboradores. Los textos firmados son de exclusiva respon- de Derechos Reprográficos. España (incluido Canarias) 65 €. sabilidad de los firmantes, no siendo por tanto opinión oficial de la revista. Europa: 100 €. Esta revista ha recibido una ayuda de la Dirección General del Libro, Archivos EE.UU y Canadá 115 €. y Bibliotecas para su difusión en bibliotecas, centros culturales y universidades Méjico, América Central y del Sur 120 €. de España. 1 1-16 FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 09:46 Página 2 OPINIÓN EDITORIAL EL MUSEO O LA CALLE l dosier que en este número dedica SCHERZO a Adolfo Salazar pone sobre la mesa distintos aspectos de lo que ha sido y es la música española en varias de sus vertientes, de la creación a la crítica, y en relación a su variable circunstancia, la que abarca buena parte de un Esiglo XX lleno de avatares. Adolfo Salazar representa el intelectual español que quiso salir —con el país entero— de una realidad que era a un tiempo típica y tópica. Se abre a horizontes más amplios, estudia, analiza y procla- ma con la libertad que le concede saber el terreno que pisa. Salazar domi- na todos los espacios que le interesan y es, a un tiempo, teórico y práctico, historiador de la música y compositor, crítico militante e intelectual al que no le importa influir en la marcha de las cosas sino que, más bien, se ve impelido a hacerlo por su propia condición. Más conscientemente que lo contrario, Salazar y sus contemporáneos van construyendo entre 1915 y 1936 eso que se ha llamado, y con razón, la Edad de Plata de la cultura española. La figura de Salazar no ha hecho sino crecer con el tiempo y su modelo de crítico de la cultura —en su faceta de investigador de lo pretérito y de juzgador de lo inmediato— no ha tenido paralelo en los años que siguieron a su muerte o, si se prefiere, a su salida de España en 1936. Salazar sigue siendo el referente en muchas cosas y su lucidez a la hora de pensar en el OPINIÓN futuro se advierte en momentos como el final de su Música y sociedad en el siglo XX cuando, a las alturas de 1939, afirma que “el arte musical que vivi- mos en los momentos actuales, cumplido el primer tercio del siglo, me parece que se hace cada vez más ajeno a la conciencia social, en la que no ejerce ya apenas una función viva, sino, todo lo más, una función cultural. Es, pues, un arte que vivirá mientras el concepto evaluativo de los agentes culturales no cambie sus sistemas de valoración. Pero es una vida reducida al ámbito de una vitrina; es un objeto de museo”. Pues bien, los agentes culturales han cambiado su criterio. Si en arte es el valor económico lo que marca hoy la pertinencia —no hablemos de calidad, concepto en desuso— de la obra, en la música que hemos llamado clásica la opinión crítica ape- nas cuenta y su espacio es ocupado en los medios por otras manifestacio- nes a cuyo consumidor no se le pide nada especial. La mezcolanza de los últimos cincuenta o sesenta años a la hora de señalar los elementos de la dialéctica —o la confusión— en que se sume el oyente —el dogmatismo de las vanguardias, la irrupción de los minimalistas, la neoespiritualidad báltica y hasta Frank Zappa o Jimmi Hendrix— no ha sido suficiente para mostrar a esos agentes que se trata de un terreno mucho más rico y mucho más abierto de lo que parece. Las dudas para muchos, para los que prefieren cantar en la calle que atreverse a entrar en ese museo que les parece tan rancio siguen siendo las mismas, las que proceden de su aura de exclusivi- dad, por una parte, y de esfuerzo por otra. ¿Cuál es el papel que le queda a la música que algunos más amamos en este presente en el que la cultura se considera cada día más como epí- tome de lo que gusta, de lo que interesa mediáticamente? ¿Cómo habrá de luchar contra lo que se lleva, cómo se sacará de encima el sambenito — que le llega de las propias filas de la “cultura general”— de ser poco democrática? ¿Cómo deberá presentarse en esa calle que le es ajena? Algo hay que hacer. Algo hacen esos proyectos pedagógicos de algunas de nuestras orquestas, los envidiables e imitables intentos de Dudamel, Rattle, Abreu o Tilson Thomas, poniendo todo su afán mediático y pedagógico en una divulgación que no manda callar a los ingenuos que aplauden entre los movimientos de una sinfonía ni tuerce el gesto porque alguien acuda sin corbata al patio de butacas, que sabe muy bien que ninguna letra entra con sangre. Y algo verdaderamente útil y práctico debieran hacer los ges- tores públicos, dado lo mucho que la política se sirve, cuando le conviene, de la cultura. Pero basta leer lo que ocupaba la música —cuando ocupaba algo— en los programas electorales de los partidos que han acudido a las últimas elecciones para caer en la melancolía más profunda. ¿Nos estare- mos quedando solos? 2 1-16 FILM:SCHERZO 229 25/3/08 09:46 Página 3 OPINIÓN REVISTA DE MÚSICA $xR;;,,,1$EULOĄ La música extremada DOSIER Adolfo Salazar ENCUENTROS Christian Thielemann MÚSICAS DE LOWRY ANIVERSARIO 100 años del Palau de la Música Catalana ACTUALIDAD Diseño Bernd Alois Zimmermann de portada Ernst Krenek REFERENCIAS Variaciones Haydn Argonauta de Brahms l arte de la biografía es una gloria Foto portada: de la cultura anglosajona que uno Marco Borggreve/HM admira sabiendo tristemente que entre nosotros no tiene equivalen- Edita: SCHERZO EDITORIAL S.L. Ecia. Si Malcolm Lowry no hubiera sido C/Cartagena, 10. 1º C 28028 MADRID inglés difícilmente nos habríamos ente- Teléfono: 913 567 622 rado de que la última tarde de su vida, FAX: 917 261 864 Internet: www.scherzo.es el 26 de junio de 1957, bebió entera E mail: una botella de ginebra y estuvo escu- Redacción: [email protected] chando en la BBC una transmisión en Administración: [email protected] directo de La consagración de la pri- Presidente: Santiago Martín Bermúdez mavera. Con laboriosidad recolectora cada biógrafo va añadiendo briznas de evidencia al granero común de los datos innumerables de una vida: el REVISTA DE MÚSICA detalle del concierto lo publicó Dou- Director: Luis Suñén glas Day en su biografía de 1973; en la suya de 1997, Gordon Bowkes no pre- Redactor Jefe: Enrique Martínez Miura cisa el título de la obra interpretada, Edición: Arantza Quintanilla pero sí que la orquesta era la London Maquetación: Iván Pascual Symphony, y que la dirigía Leopold Stokowski. Los relatos de los dos bió- Fotografía: Rafa Martín grafos difieren en muchos detalles, Secciones pero el alcohol y la música y el hombre Discos: Juan Manuel Viana hoscamente encerrado en una habita- Educación: Pedro Sarmiento ción casi a oscuras bebiendo a morro Jazz: Pablo Sanz con obstinación suicida una botella de Libros: Enrique Martínez Miura ginebra permanecen muy claros en Lou Rouge Página Web: Iván Pascual nuestra imaginación.
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