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31-32 QUADERNS DEL CAC Technological and audiovisual convergence 2009 July 2008 - June 2009 ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat QUADERNS DEL CAC 31-32, July 2008 - June 2009 Quaderns del CAC is a journal dedicated to analyze the big topics about audiovisual communication policies, and in general, the contemporary audiovisual culture. Edited by the Consell Audiovisual de Catalunya, the journal intends to be a meeting point to discuss about the audiovisual from a Catalan perspective with international vocation. Editorial Board: Santiago Ramentol (editor), Dolors Comas d’Argemir, Rafael Jorba, Elisenda Malaret, Victòria Camps, Joan Manuel Tresserras Editors: Josep Gifreu (director), Maria Corominas (executive director), Sylvia Montilla (general coordinator), Carles Llorens (book review editor), Núria Fernández and Pablo Santcovsky (book review, jour- nal review, website review), Carme Duran (secretary) Advisory Board: Salvador Alsius (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Monica Ariño (Ofcom, Londres), Lluís Bonet (Universitat de Barcelona), Milly Buonanno (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"), Enrique Bustamante (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Marc Carrillo (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Divina Frau-Meigs (Université Paris 3-Sorbonne), Ángel García Castillejo (Comisión del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones), Margarita Ledo (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela), Joan Majó (Cercle per al Coneixement), Jesús Martín Barbero (Bogotà), Andrea Millwood Hargrave (International Institute of Communications, Oxford University), Miquel de Moragas (Universitat Autonòma de Barce- lona), Nancy Morris (Temple University, Filadèlfia), Alessandro Pace (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"), Jordi Pericot (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), Francisco Pinto Balsemão (Consell Europeu d’Editors), Emili Prado (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Monroe E. Price (University of Pennsylvania), Philip Schlesinger (Glasgow University), Miquel Tresserras (Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona), Gloria Tristani (Spiegel & McDiarmid LLP, Washington), Imma Tubella (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya), Manuel Ángel Vázquez Medel (Universidad de Sevilla), George Yúdice (University of Miami), Ramón Zallo (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea). Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya President: Ramon Font Bové Vice president: Domènec Sesmilo i Rius Translation: Tracy Byrne Secretary: Santiago Ramentol i Massana Page Layout: Sylvia Montilla, Davínia Ligero and Tatiana Medina Members of the Council: Dolors Comas d’Argemir i Cendra, Rafael Printed by: Esmon Publicitat, SA Jorba i Castellví, Elisenda Malaret i Garcia, Josep Micaló i Aliu, Esteve Orriols i Sendra, Josep Pont i Sans, Fernando Rodríguez Legal Diposit Book: B-15.281-2010 Madero ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat General Secretary: Joan Barata i Mir E-mail: [email protected] Entença, 321 - 08029 Barcelona Tel. 93 363 25 25 - Fax 93 363 24 78 www.cac.cat - [email protected] QUADERNS ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Contents Introduction 3 SONIA LIVINGSTONE, UWE HASEBRINK, CARMELO GARITONANDIA AND MAIALEU GARMENDIA Monographic Comparing online risks faced by European children: Technological and audiovisual convergence 5 Reflections on youthful internet use in Britain, Germany and Spain 95 JAVIER ECHEVERRÍA The two main processes of technological convergence 5 NÚRIA ALMIRON AND JOSEP MANUEL JARQUE Myth, digitalism and technological convergence: ENRIC PLAZA hegemonic discourses and political economics 105 Overcoming Babel: social mediation and intelligent systems in discovering, filtering, accrediting and personalising digital content 11 Observatori 113 JOSEP RAMON FERRER ANNA TOUS Technological convergence: a state of the art on the issue 15 The emergence of new imagery in quality television fiction 113 JOAN MAJÓ Future trends in audiovisuals 23 LUISA MARTÍNEZ GARCÍA Television fiction on TV3 and Catalan cultural identity: EMILI PRADO case study of the situation comedy Plats bruts 121 The challenges of digital convergence for television 29 CARLES PONT J. IGNASI RIBAS Analysis of information sources and respect for Integrating media within interactive discourse: professional ethics in crisis situations: the media the case of cultural disseminatio 41 treatment of Barcelona's Carmel case 127 HUGO PARDO, JOEL BRANDT AND JUAN PABLO PUERTA JOSÉ FERNÁNDEZ CAVIA, ASSUMPCIÓ HUERTAS Mobile Web 2.0. The new mobile communication AND MÒNIKA JIMÉNEZ industry 53 The effectiveness of product placement on children: an experiment 135 ÁNGEL GARCÍA CASTILLEJO Convergence and general audiovisual legislation in Spain 61 CRISTINA CAMBRA, NÚRIA SILVESTRE AND AURORA LEAL Analysis of comprehension by deaf pupils of captioned PERE VILA television documents and criteria for improvement 141 Content convergence 69 DAVID SANCHA Agenda 145 The convergence of newsrooms in the era of the open garden 75 Critical book review 145 Books review 157 PERE MASIP AND JOSEP LLUÍS MICÓ Journals review 161 The polyvalent journalist within the framework Websites review 165 of business convergence 83 Manuscript submissions guidelines 167 Book reviews guidelines 168 GENÍS ROCA Media convergence and the battle for the audience 91 1 Quaderns del CAC 31-32, July 2008 - June 2009 QUADERNS ISSN: 1138-9761 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Introduction The era of technological convergence has begun. In all areas of life and society the convergence of communication services and platforms is increasingly a reality. The definition of convergence proposed by the British organisation Ofcom can act as a guide to our proposals. Ofcom sees convergence as "the ability of consumers to obtain multiple services on a single platform or device or obtain any given service on multiple platforms or devices". This definition clearly distinguishes between services and platforms, as well as focusing attention on the change in consumer initia- tive and satisfaction. But although consumers are the ultimate beneficiary of the services of the new online digital era, convergence phenomena have a growing impact on all sectors, activities and players involved: companies, operators, regulatory authorities, media, professional routines, distribution circuits, training, etc. Given the importance of this technological and cultural transformation, Quaderns del CAC has decided to dedicate a double issue to the issue of Technological and audiovisual convergence in order to debate and evaluate the specif- ic impact of convergence on the world of the media. This issue number 31-32 therefore provides a broad look at the state of affairs regarding the trends, perspectives, opportunities and also risks of the new era brought about by con- vergence. The different texts have been ordered from the most general to the most specific. The first block contains articles related to the transformations resulting from the processes of technological convergence, continuing with more specific contributions on areas or aspects of audiovisual communication that are particularly affected by these process- es. Javier Echeverría starts off this double issue ("The two main processes of technological convergence") with a gener- al essay on the two broad processes of technological convergence currently underway, namely that of ICTs (informa- tion and communication technologies) and the NBIC system (Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno). Enric Plaza provides an analy- sis of the new intelligent systems of social mediation, going from a content-based model of content distribution to a network-based model ("Overcoming Babel: social mediation and intelligent systems in discovering, filtering, accredit- ing and personalising digital content"). Josep Ramon Ferrer provides an overview ("Technological convergence: a state of the art on the issue") of conver- gence infrastructures and networks, as well as the perspectives for audiovisual consumption. Joan Majó ("Future trends in audiovisuals") concentrates on detecting the main developments involved in the evolution of audiovisuals, focusing on three areas: technologies, consumption habits and economic and political pressures. Emili Prado ("The challenges of digital convergence for television") systematically analyses the most relevant trans- formations of media digitalisation and its three basic processes: the production of content, transmission and recep- tion. J.Ignasi Ribas argues the intrinsic properties of interactive discourse ("Integrating media within interactive dis- course: the case of cultural dissemination") and highlights the unlimited capacity for integrating media, as well as the difficulties in incorporating new applications. Hugo Pardo, Joel Brandt and Juan Pablo Puerta investigate the new culture of mobility ("Mobile Web 2.0. The new mobile communication industry") and provide a theoretical and tech- nical panorama of the evolution of mobile telephony towards collaborative internet applications. Ángel García Castillejo provides an overall legal review of audiovisuals in Spain ("Convergence and general audiovi- sual legislation in Spain") given the convergence between the telecom and media sectors, and argues that an audio- visual authority is required within the Telecommunications Market Commission (CMT). Pere Vila closely examines ("Content convergence") the adaptation of an audiovisual public corporation to the new demands of convergence, espe- cially concerning content production policy. David Sancha explores the impact of convergence on traditional journalism ("The convergence of newsrooms in the era of the open garden"),