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IAEA TECDOC SERIES Limited Scope Sustainability Assessment of Planned Nuclear Systems Based on BN-1200 Fast Energy Reactors

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IAEA TECDOC SERIES Limited Scope Sustainability Assessment of Planned Nuclear Systems Based on BN-1200 Fast Energy Reactors IAEA-TECDOC-1959 IAEA-TECDOC-1959 IAEA TECDOC SERIES Limited Scope Sustainability Assessment of Planned Nuclear Energy Systems Based on BN-1200 Fast Reactors Energy Systems Based on BN-1200 Fast Assessment of Planned Nuclear Limited Scope Sustainability IAEA-TECDOC-1959 Limited Scope Sustainability Assessment of Planned Nuclear Energy Systems Based on BN-1200 Fast Reactors International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna @ LIMITED SCOPE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PLANNED NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON BN-1200 FAST REACTORS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GEORGIA OMAN ALBANIA GERMANY PAKISTAN ALGERIA GHANA PALAU ANGOLA GREECE PANAMA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GRENADA PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARGENTINA GUATEMALA PARAGUAY ARMENIA GUYANA PERU AUSTRALIA HAITI PHILIPPINES AUSTRIA HOLY SEE POLAND AZERBAIJAN HONDURAS PORTUGAL BAHAMAS HUNGARY QATAR BAHRAIN ICELAND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BANGLADESH INDIA ROMANIA BARBADOS INDONESIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RWANDA BELGIUM IRAQ SAINT LUCIA BELIZE IRELAND BENIN ISRAEL SAINT VINCENT AND BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL ITALY THE GRENADINES STATE OF JAMAICA SAN MARINO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA BOTSWANA JORDAN SENEGAL BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SERBIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KENYA SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KUWAIT SINGAPORE BURUNDI KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CAMEROON REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LATVIA SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LEBANON SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LESOTHO SUDAN CHAD LIBERIA SWEDEN CHILE LIBYA SWITZERLAND CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LITHUANIA TAJIKISTAN COMOROS LUXEMBOURG THAILAND CONGO MADAGASCAR TOGO COSTA RICA MALAWI TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA TUNISIA CROATIA MALI TURKEY CUBA MALTA TURKMENISTAN CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DENMARK MONACO DJIBOUTI MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND DOMINICA MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC ECUADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA EGYPT MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EL SALVADOR NAMIBIA URUGUAY ERITREA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN ESTONIA NETHERLANDS VANUATU ESWATINI NEW ZEALAND VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN ETHIOPIA NICARAGUA REPUBLIC OF FIJI NIGER VIET NAM FINLAND NIGERIA YEMEN FRANCE NORTH MACEDONIA ZAMBIA GABON NORWAY ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA-TECDOC-1959 LIMITED SCOPE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PLANNED NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON BN-1200 FAST REACTORS INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2021 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 26007 22529 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] www.iaea.org/publications For further information on this publication, please contact: INPRO Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] © IAEA, 2021 Printed by the IAEA in Austria May 2021 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Names: International Atomic Energy Agency. Title: Limited scope sustainability assessment of planned nuclear energy systems based on BN-1200 fast reactors / International Atomic Energy Agency. Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021. | Series: IAEA TECDOC series, ISSN 1011–4289 ; no. 1959 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: IAEAL 21-01414 | ISBN 978-92-0-109121-5 (paperback : alk. paper) | ISBN 978-92-0-109021-8 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Nuclear energy. | Sustainability — Evaluation. | Nuclear reactors — Technological innovations. | Fast reactors. FOREWORD The International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) was launched in 2000 in response to resolution GC(44)/RES/21 of the IAEA General Conference. One of the INPRO objectives is to help to ensure that nuclear energy is available in the 21st century in a sustainable manner. To meet this objective, INPRO developed a methodology for assessing the sustainability of a national or international nuclear energy system. This entailed establishing a set of INPRO basic principles pertaining to system sustainability, a set of INPRO user requirements in support of each INPRO basic principle and a set of criteria for meeting each INPRO user requirement. The basic principles, user requirements and associated criteria contained in the INPRO methodology are for use for INPRO assessments of system sustainability only. The INPRO methodology does not establish any safety requirements or criteria, or provide guidance on safety; IAEA safety requirements and guidance are issued only in the IAEA Safety Standards Series. The INPRO methodology was published in 2008 as nine manuals providing an overview and covering the areas of economics, infrastructure, waste management, proliferation resistance, physical protection, environment, safety of nuclear reactors and safety of nuclear fuel cycle facilities. Since its initial publication, the INPRO methodology has been updated to take into account the experience of Member States that have performed national and international nuclear energy system sustainability assessments using the INPRO methodology as well as recommendations developed by the INPRO steering committee and IAEA experts. All the proposals were evaluated by internal and external experts at several IAEA meetings, including five technical meetings in 2013, 2014, 2016 (2) and 2017. At the 20th INPRO Steering Committee meeting, in 2013, several Member States expressed interest in performing limited scope INPRO assessments of liquid metal cooled fast reactor designs. At the 21st INPRO Steering Committee meeting, in 2014, a new activity was endorsed and included in the INPRO action plan. Three consultancy meetings were organized in 2015 and 2017 to perform the assessment and review the results. The final draft report on the assessment of BN-1200 reactors, compiled by experts from the Russian Federation and submitted to the IAEA in 2019, served as the basis of the case study presented in the present publication. The case study applied the INPRO methodology areas of economics and reactor safety to an innovative fast reactor design at the full criteria level. The information in this publication is not to be used for formal or authoritative safety assessment or safety analysis to address compliance with the IAEA safety standards or for any national regulatory purpose associated with the licensing or certifications of nuclear power plants. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was A. Korinny of the Division of Nuclear Power. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the contributors and has not been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the IAEA or its Member States. Neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of this publication. This publication does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or omissions on the part of any person. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. The IAEA has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third party Internet web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2. OBJECTIVE ...........................................................................................................
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