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New Cave-Dwelling Coelotine Spiders from the Yunnan-Guizhou

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New Cave-Dwelling Coelotine Spiders from the Yunnan-Guizhou Zoological Studies 48(5): 665-681 (2009) New Cave-Dwelling Coelotine Spiders from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) Jie Liu and Shu-Qiang Li* Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Accepted July 10, 2008) Jie Liu and Shu-Qiang Li (2009) New cave-dwelling coelotine spiders from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) Zoological Studies 48(5): 665-681. Three new Coelotes species and 4 new Draconarius species from caves of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China are described: C. degeneratus sp. nov., C. laohuanglongensis sp. nov., C. uncatus sp. nov., D. cochleariformis sp. nov., D. lini sp. nov., D. parallelus sp. nov., and D. semicircularis sp. nov. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of all 7 species are given. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.5/665.pdf Key words: Coelotinae, Taxonomy, Cave-dwelling, New species, Fauna. Caves are found world-wide, and are natural Coelotes species are known worldwide, among laboratories for the study of evolution, with the which 44 are recorded from China. Of the 145 deep-cave environment being characterized by Draconarious species known worldwide, 105 are the absence of light. There is intense competition recorded from China (Platnick 2009). between animals because of the absence of primary producers. This strong selection pressure may yield some rare species which provide MATERIALS AND METHODS important information for studies of evolution and ecology. It has been shown that damage to some Specimens were examined with an Olympus caves may likely cause the extinction of numerous SZ11 stereomicroscope (Tokyo, Japan); details cave species. Due to the rapid growth of cave were studied with an Olympus BX41 compound tourism, surveys of Chinese cave spiders are microscope. All illustrations were made using an becoming more and more urgent. Olympus drawing tube. Male palps and female An extensive faunal survey of cave-dwelling genitalia were examined and illustrated after being spiders of China over a period of 5 yrs (2003-2008) dissected from the spider bodies. was made by members of the Chinese Academy All measurements were obtained using an of Sciences in more than 500 caves. Recent Olympus SZ11 stereomicroscope and are given in fieldwork on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau yielded millimeters. All scale lines are 0.2 mm long except 3 new species of the genus Coelotes and 4 new where indicated otherwise. Eye diameters were species of the genus Draconarious which are taken at the widest point. The total body length described in this paper. does not include the length of the chelicerae or Coelotes and Draconarious are the 2 most spinnerets. Leg measurements are given as: diverse coelotine spider genera. At present, 140 total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: 86-10-64807099. E-mail:[email protected] 665 666 Zoological Studies 48(5): 665-681 (2009) tarsus). The terminology used in the text and originates prolaterally in C. degeneratus sp. figure legends follows Wang (2002): A, atrium; nov., but proximally in C. uncatus sp. nov.; 2, the ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median spermathecal heads are visible in dorsal view in C. eye; AME-ALE, distance between AME and ALE; degeneratus sp. nov., but not visible in C. uncatus AME-AME, distance between AME and AME; sp. nov.; and 3, the epigynal teeth are broad in C. ALE-PLE, distance between ALE and PLE; C, degeneratus sp. nov., but slender in C. uncatus conductor; CDA, conductor dorsal apophysis; CD, sp. nov. These 2 new species can be easily copulatory duct; CF, cymbial furrow; E, embolus; distinguished from other Coelotes by the unique EB, embolic base; Elev, elevation; ET, epigynal conductor dorsal apophysis, sword-shaped patellar tooth; FD, fertilization duct; H, epigynal hood; LTA, apophysis, and large, simple, global spermathecae lateral tibial apophysis; PA, patellar apophysis; which are closed together (Figs. 2-5, 11-14). PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median Male (holotype): Total length 4.11. Prosoma eye; PME-PLE, distance between PME and PLE; length 2.10, width 1.74; opisthosoma length 2.10, PME-PME, distance between PME and PME; RH, width 1.52. Eye measurements: AME 0.06; ALE relative humidity; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; 0.11; PME 0.10; PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0; AME-ALE S, spermatheca; SH, spermathecal head; ST, 0; ALE-PLE 0; PME-PME 0.05; PME-PLE 0.05. subtegulum; T, tegulum; Temp, temperature; TS, Eyes pale, AME slightly reduced, tubercles of eyes tegulum sclerite. not reduced. Clypeus height 0.15. Leg formula: All type specimens are deposited in the IV, I, II, III; leg measurements: I: 10.85 (2.55, 3.80, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2.80, 1.70); II: 9.75 (2.40, 3.20, 2.60, 1.55); III: Beijing. Type specimen photos of the species 8.85 (2.30, 2.70, 2.60, 1.25); IV: 11.90 (2.85, 3.65, included in this paper can be viewed at http://www. 3.65, 1.75). Abdomen pale, without a pattern on ChineseSpecies.com which was created and is dorsum. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 maintained by Shu-Qiang Li and Xin-Ping Wang (Li retromarginal teeth (Fig. 6). and Wang 2008). Male palp: Patellar apophysis long, slightly shorter than tibia, sword-shaped; distal end of RTA slightly extending beyond tibia; lateral tibial TAXONOMY apophysis distinct but small; cymbial furrow less than 1/2 of cymbial length; conductor simple, short, Family Amaurobiidae Thorell, 1870 with a sharp distal end, conductor dorsal apophysis Subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, moderately large; median apophysis broad, spoon- 1893 shaped; embolic base almost square-shaped; Coelotes Blackwall, 1841 embolus moderately long, originating prolaterally (Figs. 1-3). Coelotes degeneratus sp. nov. Female: Measurements: Total length 4.51. (Figs. 1-6, 37) Prosoma length 2.01, width 1.60; opisthosoma length 2.52, width 2.03. Eye measurements: Holotype male: Yanzi Cave (23°38.220'N, AME 0.03; ALE 0.07; PME 0.07; PLE 0.07; AME- 103°03.200'E; Elev, 1080 m; Temp, 18°C; RH, AME 0.03; AME-ALE 0.03; ALE-PLE 0.03; PME- 90%) (location closest to cave opening about 200 m PME 0.08; PME-PLE 0.08. Eyes white, AME from cave entrance), Mawang Village, Miandian slightly reduced, tubercles of eyes slightly reduced. Town, Jianshui County (Co.), Yunnan Province Clypeus height 0.13. Leg formula: IV, I, II, III; leg (Prov.), China, 29 Mar. 2007, Jie Liu and Yucheng measurements: I: 5.70 (1.50, 2.00, 1.25, 0.95); Lin coll. II: 4.45 (1.25, 1.50, 1.00, 0.70); III: 4.20 (1.25, Paratypes: 1 ♂ , 5 ♀♀, same data as for 1.25, 1.10, 0.60); IV: 6.05 (0.75, 2.00, 1.55, 0.75). holotype. Abdomen pale, without a pattern on dorsum. Etymology: The specific epithet is taken from Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal the Latin adjective degeneratus and refers to the teeth. degenerated traits as adaptations to the cave Female genitalia: Epigynal teeth small, environment in this new species. extremely wide and short, situated anteriorly and Diagnosis: The new species is similar to C. laterally, widely separated; atrium small, shallow; uncatus sp. nov., but can be distinguished from copulatory ducts not visible from dorsal view; it by the following differences: 1, the embolus spermathecal heads short, situated anteriorly, slightly close together; spermathecae simple, Liu and Li – New Coelotines from China 667 large, global and closed together (Figs. 4, 5). 20 m from cave entrance), Duoge Village, Aziying Distribution: China (Yunnan) (Fig. 37). Town, Haoming Co., Yunnan Prov., China, 3 Apr. 2007, Jie Liu and Yucheng Lin coll. Coelotes laohuanglongensis sp. nov. Paratypes: 4 ♀♀, same data as for holotype. (Figs. 7-9, 37) Etymology: The specific name is an adjective, referring to the type locality, Laohuanglong Cave. Diagnosis: The new species is similar to Holotype female: Laohuanglong Cave (25° Coelotes okinawensis Shimojana, 1989 in having 25.711'N, 102°55.462'E, Elev, 2383 m; Temp, 12°C; distinct copulatory openings, long copulatory RH, 98%) (location closest to cave opening about ducts, and simple spermathecae which are C CDA T TS T MA E EB CF ST RTA LTA PA 1 2 Figs. 1, 2. Coelotes degeneratus sp. nov. 1. Left palp, prolateral view. 2. Same, retrolateral view. 668 Zoological Studies 48(5): 665-681 (2009) close together, but it can be distinguished from length 4.50, width 2.75. Eye measurements: AME C. okinawensis by its distinct epigynal hood, 0.11; ALE 0.18; PME 0.15; PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0; the location of the epigynal teeth and the spiral AME-ALE 0.04; ALE-PLE 0; PME-PME 0.13; PME- copulatory ducts (Figs. 7, 8). PLE 0.10. Clypeus height 0.18. Leg formula: IV, I, Female (holotype): Total length 8.25. II, III; leg measurements: I: 10.90 (3.00, 3.75, 2.50, Prosoma length 3.75, width 2.60; opisthosoma 1.65); II: 9.80 (2.80, 3.25, 2.25, 1.50); III: 9.40 (2.50, 6 C SH T TS S E MA ST EB 5 FD RTA ET 4 3 PA A Figs. 3-6. Coelotes degeneratus sp. nov. 3. Left palp, ventral view. 4. Epigynum, ventral view. 5. Vulva, dorsal view. 6. Male cheliceral teeth, ventral view. Liu and Li – New Coelotines from China 669 2.85, 2.45, 1.60); IV: 12.60 (3.10, 4.00, 3.60, 1.90).
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    Reprinted from PCAS 56(24):305-336 (26 August 2005) PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Volume 56, No. 24, pp. 305–336, 20 figs., 2 maps. August 26, 2005 New Genera and Species of Cribellate Coelotine Spiders from California (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) Darrell Ubick Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street San Francisco CA 94103; Email: [email protected] Two new amaurobiid genera, and three new species, are described from California. Parazanomys, with its single species, P. thyasionnes, is known from a few localities in Tulare County, and Cavernocymbium, which includes C. vetteri and C. prentoglei, from the Mojave Desert area. These small cribellate spiders exhibit very unusual genitalia, with complex retrolateral furrows on the male cymbium, a tripartite retro- lateral tibial apophysis, and long coiled copulatory ducts in the vulva. On the basis of several synapomorphies with Draconarius Ovtchinnikov 1999 and related genera, these spiders are considered members of the Coelotinae. These genera also appear to be related to the amaurobiid genus Zanomys Chamberlin 1948, which is transferred to the Coelotinae. Being cribellates, the zanomyines appear to be basalmost coelotines, and thus force a reinterpretation of Wang’s (2002) phylogenetic analysis. KEYWORDS: Amaurobiidae, Coelotinae, Parazanomys, Cavernocymbium, taxonomy, California The Californian fauna is well known for its relictual biota. In terms of spiders, both the basal mygalomorphs (Antrodiaetidae and Mecicobothriidae) and araneomorphs (cribellates and haplog- ynes) are richly represented in this region. For example, the number of cribellate taxa present in California, some 20 genera and 120 species, exceeds all comparably sized regions with the notable exception of New Zealand.
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