Beyond the Emergence of Rhetorical Agency
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BEYOND THE EMERGENCE OF RHETORICAL AGENCY: OPERATION RESCUE AND THE FUNCTION OF PROPHETIC AGENCY A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of Communication Studies California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Communication Studies by Alfredo Marin SPRING 2019 © 2019 Alfredo Marin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii BEYOND THE EMERGENCE OF RHETORICAL AGENCY: OPERATION RESCUE AND THE FUNCTION OF PROPHETIC AGENCY A Thesis by Alfredo Marin Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Mark A. E. Williams, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Christine Miller, Ph.D. __________________________________, Third Reader John L. Williams, Ph.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Alfredo Marin I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Shawna Malvini Redden, Ph.D. Date Department of Communication Studies iv Abstract of BEYOND THE EMERGENCE OF RHETORICAL AGENCY: OPERATION RESCUE AND THE FUNCTION OF PROPHETIC AGENCY by Alfredo Marin This thesis analyzes the rhetoric of Operation Rescue, the Christian pro-life activist organization, within the theoretical framework of Kenneth Burke’s Logology. With the intent to answer the research question: How does rhetorical agency interrelate to the function of the rhetor’s message, this thesis considers the critical lens of metaphor and analogy to inform us about the emerging nature, function, and implication of prophetic agency within a religious context. _______________________, Committee Chair Mark A. E. Williams, Ph.D. _______________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I began this journey during a difficult time in my life. I thank God for His grace and for the people He has placed in my life. It is those amazing people that I wish to acknowledge. First, I want to express my love and devotion to my beautiful wife Karina, and my wonderful children, Ryan, Josiah (R.I.P.), Marshall and Molly, Nathan, Maria, Andrea, and Victor. You are my heroes. It is the love we share that carries me through each day. I want to give my utmost appreciation to my Chair, Dr. Mark Williams for his interest in this study and for keeping me focused on the task at hand. Dr. Williams, your knowledge and guidance were vital to the completion of this study. Thank you, Dr. John Williams, for agreeing to sit on my committee. Your insight is greatly appreciated. Thank you, Dr. Miller, for your willingness to join the committee late into the process, and for the effort and contribution you made as a second reader. I also want to give my appreciation to other influencers that I have found to be encouragers and role models throughout my academic endeavor. My thanks to Professor Kristin Cullivan (American River College), Professor, Paul Duax (American River College), Louise Kronick (American River College - DSP&S), Dr. Robert Snowden (California State University Sacramento), Dr. Michele Foss-Snowden (California State University Sacramento), Dr. Jacqueline Irwin (California State University Sacramento), Dr. Mark Stoner (California State University Sacramento), Dr. Diego Bonilla (California State University Sacramento), and the late Dr. Nick Trujillo (California State University Sacramento). vi A heartfelt thank you to some of the most incredible, and loving people in my life. I want to express my gratitude to Paul Zimny, Linda Infante, Carl Woodard, Jeff and Laurie Jennings, and Dr. Mark and Kelli Moore, J. Carlos Gutierrez, Ron Norman, Savannah Hanks, Nusha Tavakolian, Sarah White, Spencer Meacham, Ricardo Sanchez, Dean Antonis, Keith Fretty, and (mama) Mia Stageberg. A very special thank you to Paul Lucia. I am blessed to call you my friend, my best man, and my brother. I cannot express to you what your encouragement and moral support have meant to me throughout the years. Lastly, I want to thank the late Alfredo and Maria Marin, my father and mother. Thank you for your courage in coming to this country in hopes of a better future for your children and your children’s children. I love and miss you both. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments............................................................................................................ vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 General Context .................................................................................................... 2 A Brief History of Operation Rescue.................................................................... 7 Division within the Christian community ................................................ 10 The use of graphic images in the pro-life movement .............................. 12 A transition in approach to Operation Rescue’s pro-life activism ........... 16 The artifact ............................................................................................... 19 Kenneth Burke ..................................................................................................... 20 Dramatism: A prelude to logology .......................................................... 20 Logology: Theory of human language ..................................................... 22 The first analogy .......................................................................... 27 The second analogy ...................................................................... 28 The third analogy ......................................................................... 29 The fourth analogy ....................................................................... 31 The fifth analogy .......................................................................... 32 viii The sixth analogy ......................................................................... 33 Methodology: Cluster analysis ................................................................ 34 Outline of the project ............................................................................... 40 2. ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 42 Description of the Artifact .................................................................................. 42 Section one .............................................................................................. 45 Section two .............................................................................................. 48 Section three............................................................................................ 49 Section four .............................................................................................. 52 Section five .............................................................................................. 55 Section six ................................................................................................ 56 Clusters ................................................................................................................ 57 The abortion cluster ................................................................................. 58 The graphic image cluster ........................................................................ 58 The exposure cluster ................................................................................ 59 The mandate cluster ................................................................................. 59 The unborn child cluster .......................................................................... 61 The Christian cluster ................................................................................ 61 Keyword Indexing ............................................................................................... 63 Abortion index ......................................................................................... 64 The prophetic message index ................................................................... 64 The mandate index ................................................................................... 65 ix 3. INTERPRETATION ................................................................................................ 68 The Emergence of Prophetic Agency .................................................................. 68 Beyond Rhetorical Agency .................................................................................. 71 Rhetorical agency within the prophetic message index ........................... 73 The victimage cycle of terms ................................................................... 74 A juxtaposition of prophetic agency ........................................................ 77 The proclamation ..................................................................................... 80 The Hierarchical Cycle of Ordered Terms ........................................................... 83 Limitations ......................................................................................................... 88 Conclusion