DOCSLIB.ORG

Botanical Baseline Survey (2011) of the University of Hawaii’S Managed Lands on Mauna Kea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Botanical Baseline Survey (2011) of the University of Hawaii’S Managed Lands on Mauna Kea Botanical Baseline Survey (2011) of the University of Hawaii’s Managed Lands On Mauna Kea August 26, 2013 Prepared for: Prepared by: Grant Gerrish Biology Department University of Hawaii at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, Hawaii 96764 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I acknowledge the indispensable assistance of my team of field biologists who, with me, walked 170 kilometers of transects. Our team was made up of Eric Hansen, Matt Belt, Dan Daltof, Caree Weisz, and Brian Yannutz. Eric Hansen was my crew chief who kept the team safe and on the job in my absence. Eric also had the responsibility of entering our massive data set into digital files and building a data base to be used with the GIS. Matt Belt provided essential ingenuity and technical knowledge to the management of our data and, with Eric, the production of the maps in this report. Special assistance was provided to me by lichen specialists Cliff Smith and Brian Perry and their field technicians, Erin Datlof and Lynx Gallagher. Clerical and logistical support provided by the Office of Mauna Kea Management and its Director, Stephanie Nagata were essential to the completion of this survey. OMKM secretary, Dawn Pamarang, was a great aid with purchasing, personnel and scheduling. The OMKM rangers generously supported us with information, safety tips and camaraderie when we were on the mountain. Natural Resources Manager, Fritz Klasner, provided invaluable technical support with the data set, GIS map production and a critical review of the document. Lisa Canale of the Spatial Data Analysis Laboratory, Geography Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo also provided essential technical support. Author’s Note Regarding Written Reports for the Mauna Kea Botanical Baseline Survey. Fieldwork for the Mauna Kea Botanical Baseline Survey was conducted during the summer of 2011. During the intervening time, the data have been analyzed, reports written and extensively revised. Small amounts of new data were received at various times and incorporated into the reports, requiring various levels of revision. This effort has produced two major final reports: 1) Botanical Survey of the Astronomy Precinct and 500-meter Buffer Zones on Mauna Kea. March 15, 2012. Grant Gerrish; and 2) the present report: Botanical Baseline Survey (2011) of the University of Hawaii’s Managed Lands on Mauna Kea. August 26, 2013. Grant Gerrish. The first of these is based on the same data-set as the second and they both contain the same findings and many of the same analyses. The first contains some more detailed analyses concerning the Astronomy Precinct than the second. There are minor differences between the reports that are based on their different completion dates, late-arriving information and minor revisions. 2011 Botanical Baseline Survey Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF APPENDICIES .................................................................................................................................... v 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of This Study ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study area for this survey .................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Organisms Covered: Vascular Plants and Lichens ............................................................................. 1 1.4 Companion Documents from the Botanical Baseline Survey ............................................................ 3 2 STUDY AREA AND METHODS .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Study Area .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Brief Description of Environmental Conditions of the UH-Management Area (Study Area) ..... 4 2.1.2 Units of the UH-Management Area ............................................................................................ 4 2.2 Vascular Plant Field Methods............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.0 Introduction: Subprojects of the Botanical Baseline Survey ...................................................... 6 2.2.1 Transect Survey of the Astronomy Precinct and Buffer Zone ..................................................... 6 2.2.2 Transect survey of the Access Road Corridor ............................................................................. 8 2.2.3 Transect Survey of Hale Pohaku.................................................................................................. 9 2.2.4 Hale Pohaku Random Point Survey ............................................................................................. 9 2.2.5 Roadside Survey of the Access Road Corridor ........................................................................... 9 2.2.6. Roadside Survey of the Astronomy Precinct and Buffer Zone ................................................. 10 2.2.7. Astronomy Precinct Facilities Perimeter Survey ...................................................................... 10 2.2.8. Astronomy Precinct Pu’u Survey .............................................................................................. 11 2.2.9 Hale Pohaku Facilities Survey .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.10 Natural/Cultural Preservation Area Excursions ..................................................................... 11 2.3 Vascular Plant Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Vascular Plant Names Used in This Report ...................................................................................... 12 2.5 Lichen Study Methods ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.1 Lichen Study of Astronomy Precinct by Berryman and Smith (2011) ....................................... 13 2.5.2 Lichen study of Astronomy Precinct by Baseline Botanical Survey Technicians........................ 13 3 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.0 Plant Communities and Ecological Zonation .................................................................................... 14 3.1 Flora and Plant Life-Forms of the UH-Management Area ............................................................... 16 2011 Botanical Baseline Survey Page ii 3.1 Flora and Plant Life-Forms of the UH-Management Area ............................................................... 16 3.2 Baseline Survey of Management Units ............................................................................................ 22 3.2.1 Astronomy Precinct and Buffer Zone ........................................................................................ 22 3.2.2 Access Road Corridor in the Alpine Ecosystem ......................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Natural/Cultural Preservation Area. ......................................................................................... 29 3.2.4 Hale Pohaku and the Subalpine Māmane Woodland ............................................................... 31 3.2.5 Roadside Survey ........................................................................................................................ 35 3.3 Substrate Associations .................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Substrate Data ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.2. Analytical Methods .................................................................................................................. 39 3.3.3 Substrate-Plant Patterns in the Astronomy Precinct/Alpine Stone Desert .............................. 42 3.3.4 Substrate-Plant Patterns in the Access Road Corridor/Alpine Stone Desert ............................ 44 3.3.5 Substrate-Plant Patterns in the Pūkiawe Shrubland ................................................................. 45 3.3.6 Substrate-Plant Patterns in the Māmane Woodland ............................................................... 45 3.3.7 Substrate-Elevation Interactions and Susceptibility to Invasive Plants .................................... 47 3.4 Ungulate Dung ................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Lichenicolous Biota (Nos 201–230)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Fritschiana Jahr/Year: 2015 Band/Volume: 80 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hafellner Josef Artikel/Article: Lichenicolous Biota (Nos 201-230) 21-41 - 21 - Lichenicolous Biota (Nos 201–230) Josef HAFELLNER* HAFELLNER Josef 2015: Lichenicolous Biota (Nos 201–230). – Frit- schiana (Graz) 80: 21–41. - ISSN 1024-0306. Abstract: The 9th fascicle (30 numbers) of the exsiccata 'Lichenicolous Biota' is published. The issue contains ma- terial of 20 non-lichenized fungal taxa (14 teleomorphs of ascomycetes, 4 anamorphic states of ascomycetes, 2 an- amorphic states of basidiomycetes) and 9 lichenized as- comycetes, including paratype material of Dimelaena li- chenicola K.Knudsen et al. (no 223), Miriquidica invadens Hafellner et al. (no 226, 227), and Stigmidium xantho- parmeliarum Hafellner (no 210). Furthermore, collections of the type species of the following genera are distributed: Illosporiopsis (I. christiansenii), Illosporium (I. carneum), Marchandiomyces (M. corallinus), Marchandiobasidium (M. aurantiacum, sub Erythricium aurantiacum), Micro- calicium (M. disseminatum), Nigropuncta (N. rugulosa), Paralecanographa (P. grumulosa), Phaeopyxis (P. punc- tum), Placocarpus (P. schaereri), Rhagadostoma (R. li- chenicola), and Stigmidium (S. schaereri). *Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIA e-mail: [email protected] Introduction The exsiccata 'Lichenicolous Biota' is continued with fascicle 9, containing 30 numbers. The exsiccata covers all lichenicolous biota, i.e., it is open not only to non- lichenized and lichenized fungi, but also to myxomycetes, bacteria, and even animals, whenever they cause a characteristic symptom on their host (e.g. discoloration or galls).
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Lichenicolous Fungi and Lichenicolous Lichens of Svalbard, Including New Species, New Records and Revisions
    Herzogia 26 (2), 2013: 323 –359 323 Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions Mikhail P. Zhurbenko* & Wolfgang von Brackel Abstract: Zhurbenko, M. P. & Brackel, W. v. 2013. Checklist of lichenicolous fungi and lichenicolous lichens of Svalbard, including new species, new records and revisions. – Herzogia 26: 323 –359. Hainesia bryonorae Zhurb. (on Bryonora castanea), Lichenochora caloplacae Zhurb. (on Caloplaca species), Sphaerellothecium epilecanora Zhurb. (on Lecanora epibryon), and Trimmatostroma cetrariae Brackel (on Cetraria is- landica) are described as new to science. Forty four species of lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia apotheciorum, A. aspicili- ae, A. epiphyscia, A. molendoi, A. pannariae, A. peltigerina, Cercidospora ochrolechiae, C. trypetheliza, C. verrucosar- ia, Dacampia engeliana, Dactylospora aeruginosa, D. frigida, Endococcus fusiger, E. sendtneri, Epibryon conductrix, Epilichen glauconigellus, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. weillii, Lichenopeltella peltigericola, L. santessonii, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, L. maureri, Llimoniella vinosa, Merismatium decolorans, M. heterophractum, Muellerella atricola, M. erratica, Pronectria erythrinella, Protothelenella croceae, Skyttella mulleri, Sphaerellothecium parmeliae, Sphaeropezia santessonii, S. thamnoliae, Stigmidium cladoniicola, S. collematis, S. frigidum, S. leucophlebiae, S. mycobilimbiae, S. pseudopeltideae, Taeniolella pertusariicola, Tremella cetrariicola, Xenonectriella lutescens, X. ornamentata,
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
    Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Lecanora S. Lat., Growing on Lasallia Pustulata
    The Lichenologist 40(2): 111–118 (2008) 2008 British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282908007469 Printed in the United Kingdom A new species of Lecanora s. lat., growing on Lasallia pustulata Sergio PEuREZ-ORTEGA and Javier ETAYO Abstract: The new species Lecanora lasalliae Pe´rez-Ortega & Etayo is described from Spain. It is included provisionally in Lecanora s. lat as characters such as Lecanora-type ascus, exciple composed of thick radiating hyphae and the usual presence of algal cells in the excipulum or its lichenicolous habitus on Lasallia pustulata, do not fit well within any known genus of lichenicolous or lichenized fungi. Its taxonomic affinities with several taxa are discussed, including the parasitic Lecanora gyrophorina. Key words: Carbonea, Lecidea, lichenicolous fungi, Nesolechia, Phacopsis, Protoparmelia, Ramboldia, Scoliciosporum, Spain Introduction and compare it to other genera with licheni- The umbilicate genus Lasallia Me´rat does colous species with Lecanora-type ascus with not host many species of fungi; so we were which the species could be related or surprised to find several healthy thalli of confused. Lasallia pustulata (L.) Me´rat. with small patches of apothecia growing on the thallus Material and Methods margins, mainly mixed with clusters of isidia. Because of the frequent presence of The material was examined using standard micro- scopical techniques. Photographs were taken with a dispersed algae in the exciple, thick excipu- Leica Mz75 stereomicroscope and a Zeiss Axioskop2 lar hyphae, the nature of the pigments in Plus microscope equipped with differential contrast. paraphyses and excipulum, and the Amyloid reactions were tested with Lugol’s reagent, Lecanora-type ascus, we hesitated to include either without or with a pre-treatment with KOH (I and K/I respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Aphids Attack Native Hawaiian Plants
    Biol Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-006-9045-1 INVASION NOTE Invasive aphids attack native Hawaiian plants Russell H. Messing Æ Michelle N. Tremblay Æ Edward B. Mondor Æ Robert G. Foottit Æ Keith S. Pike Received: 17 July 2006 / Accepted: 25 July 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Invasive species have had devastating plants. To date, aphids have been observed impacts on the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian feeding and reproducing on 64 native Hawaiian Islands. While the negative effects of some inva- plants (16 indigenous species and 48 endemic sive species are obvious, other species are less species) in 32 families. As the majority of these visible, though no less important. Aphids (Ho- plants are endangered, invasive aphids may have moptera: Aphididae) are not native to Hawai’i profound impacts on the island flora. To help but have thoroughly invaded the Island chain, protect unique island ecosystems, we propose that largely as a result of anthropogenic influences. As border vigilance be enhanced to prevent the aphids cause both direct plant feeding damage incursion of new aphids, and that biological con- and transmit numerous pathogenic viruses, it is trol efforts be renewed to mitigate the impact of important to document aphid distributions and existing species. ranges throughout the archipelago. On the basis of an extensive survey of aphid diversity on the Keywords Aphid Æ Aphididae Æ Hawai’i Æ five largest Hawaiian Islands (Hawai’i, Kaua’i, Indigenous plants Æ Invasive species Æ Endemic O’ahu, Maui, and Moloka’i), we provide the first plants Æ Hawaiian Islands Æ Virus evidence that invasive aphids feed not just on agricultural crops, but also on native Hawaiian Introduction R.
    [Show full text]
  • <I> Lecanoromycetes</I> of Lichenicolous Fungi Associated With
    Persoonia 39, 2017: 91–117 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.05 Phylogenetic placement within Lecanoromycetes of lichenicolous fungi associated with Cladonia and some other genera R. Pino-Bodas1,2, M.P. Zhurbenko3, S. Stenroos1 Key words Abstract Though most of the lichenicolous fungi belong to the Ascomycetes, their phylogenetic placement based on molecular data is lacking for numerous species. In this study the phylogenetic placement of 19 species of cladoniicolous species lichenicolous fungi was determined using four loci (LSU rDNA, SSU rDNA, ITS rDNA and mtSSU). The phylogenetic Pilocarpaceae analyses revealed that the studied lichenicolous fungi are widespread across the phylogeny of Lecanoromycetes. Protothelenellaceae One species is placed in Acarosporales, Sarcogyne sphaerospora; five species in Dactylosporaceae, Dactylo­ Scutula cladoniicola spora ahtii, D. deminuta, D. glaucoides, D. parasitica and Dactylospora sp.; four species belong to Lecanorales, Stictidaceae Lichenosticta alcicorniaria, Epicladonia simplex, E. stenospora and Scutula epiblastematica. The genus Epicladonia Stictis cladoniae is polyphyletic and the type E. sandstedei belongs to Leotiomycetes. Phaeopyxis punctum and Bachmanniomyces uncialicola form a well supported clade in the Ostropomycetidae. Epigloea soleiformis is related to Arthrorhaphis and Anzina. Four species are placed in Ostropales, Corticifraga peltigerae, Cryptodiscus epicladonia, C. galaninae and C. cladoniicola
    [Show full text]
  • 137 Udc: 582.28+582.29 Carbonea in Ukraine M
    CARBONEA IN UKRAINE 137 UDC: 582.28+582.29 CARBONEA IN UKRAINE M. Pirogov1, N. Chepelevska1, J. Vondrák2 1Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevskyi St., Lviv 79005, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague e-mail: [email protected] Carbonea (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota) genus contains about 20 species of licheni­ zed and lichenicolous fungi. Four species among them are known in Ukraine: Carbonea assimilis (Körb.) Hafellner et Hertel, C. vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel, C. invadens (H. Magn.) M.P. Andreev, and C. vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel. We report about five taxa ofCarbonea in Ukraine in the Carpathians and the Crimean peninsula: C. aggregantula (Müll. Arg.) Diederich & Triebel, C. supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel (both new to Ukraine), C. assimilis (identification not confirmed by us), C. vitellinaria and C. vorticosa. We provide a descrip­ tion of the genus and characterize the Ukrainian taxa. We also present the key for deter­ mination of Carbonea involving species known in Ukraine and also those that might eventually be found in Ukraine. Morphologically, species similar to Carbonea from other genera are also included in the determination key. Carbonea invadens was incorrectly recorded from Ukraine, the respective voucher specimen is Scoliciosporum intrusum (Th. Fr.) Hafellner, poorly known taxon similar to Carbonea that is new for Ukraine. We also provide a characterization of Scoliciosporum intrusum and included it into the key.
    [Show full text]
  • *Wagner Et Al. --Intro
    NUMBER 60, 58 pages 15 September 1999 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS HAWAIIAN VASCULAR PLANTS AT RISK: 1999 WARREN L. WAGNER, MARIE M. BRUEGMANN, DERRAL M. HERBST, AND JOEL Q.C. LAU BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU Printed on recycled paper Cover illustration: Lobelia gloria-montis Rock, an endemic lobeliad from Maui. [From Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of flowering plants of Hawai‘i, pl. 57.] A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1998 Research publications of Bishop Museum are issued irregularly in the RESEARCH following active series: • Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. A series of short papers PUBLICATIONS OF describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. Publications containing larger, monographic works are issued in BISHOP MUSEUM four areas: • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology • Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology Numbering by volume of Occasional Papers ceased with volume 31. Each Occasional Paper now has its own individual number starting with Number 32. Each paper is separately paginated. The Museum also publishes Bishop Museum Technical Reports, a series containing information relative to scholarly research and collections activities. Issue is authorized by the Museum’s Scientific Publications Committee, but manuscripts do not necessarily receive peer review and are not intended as formal publications. Institutions and individuals may subscribe to any of the above or pur- chase separate publications from Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135; fax: (808) 841-8968; email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchanging publications should write to: Library Exchange Program, Bishop Museum Library, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-0916, USA; fax: (808) 848-4133; email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation of Patterns of Genetic Variation in Endemic Plant Species of Oceanic Islands
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174, 276–288. REVIEW ARTICLE Interpretation of patterns of genetic variation in endemic plant species of oceanic islands TOD F. STUESSY1*, KOJI TAKAYAMA1†, PATRICIO LÓPEZ-SEPÚLVEDA1‡ and DANIEL J. CRAWFORD2 1Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Biodiversity Center, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 2Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA Received 28 January 2013; revised 18 April 2013; accepted for publication 7 July 2013 Oceanic islands offer special opportunities for understanding the patterns and processes of evolution. The availability of molecular markers in recent decades has enhanced these opportunities, facilitating the use of population genetics to reveal divergence and speciation in island systems. A common pattern seen in taxa on oceanic islands is a decreased level of genetic variation within and among populations, and the founder effect has often been invoked to explain this observation. Founder effects have a major impact on immigrant populations, but, over millions of years, the original genetic signature will normally be erased as a result of mutation, recombination, drift and selection. Therefore, the types and degrees of genetic modifications that occur must often be caused by other factors, which should be considered when explaining the patterns of genetic variation. The age of the island is extremely important because oceanic islands subside on their submarine plates over time. Erosion caused by wind, rain and wave action combine to grind down soft volcanic substrates. These geomorphological events can have a dramatic impact on population number and size, and hence levels of genetic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lichenicolous Fungi of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
    Ǘ Ǘ Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae DOI: 10.5586/asbp.3607 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Publication history Received: 2018-08-15 Accepted: 2018-12-04 The lichenicolous fungi of the South Published: 2018-12-31 Shetland Islands, Antarctica: species Handling editor Bronisław Wojtuń, Faculty of diversity and identification guide Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Poland Authors’ contributions Vagn Alstrup 1, Maria Olech 2*, Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka 2, Michał VA, MO: research designing; MO: 2 collected the lichens specimens; Hubert Węgrzyn VA, MO: determination 1 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Botanical Garden and Museum, Gothersgade 130, 1123 of lichens material and Copenhagen K, Denmark descriptions of new species; 2 Professor Z. Czeppe Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, VA, MO, PWP, MHW: manuscript Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Cracow, Poland writing * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Funding The study received financial support from the statutory fund Abstract of the Institute of Botany of the Jagiellonian University. is paper contributes 96 species to the biota of lichenicolous fungi in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. New to science are the following genera: Antarctosphaeria Competing interests Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Dahawkswia Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Lichenohostes No competing interests have Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Llanorella Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Phaeosporoden- been declared. dron Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., and Prostratomyces Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov. Copyright notice Additionally, 31 species are described as new to science. ese are: Antarctosphaeria © The Author(s) 2018. This is an bireagens Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Arthonia Open Access article distributed dufayelensis Alstrup & Olech, sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), and Potential for Biological Control of Senecio Madagascariensis (Asteraceae) M
    J. Appl. Entomol. Host range of Secusio extensa (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), and potential for biological control of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae) M. M. Ramadan1, K. T. Murai1 & T. Johnson2 1 State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 2 Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Volcano, Hawaii, USA Keywords Abstract Host range, Secusio extensa, Senecio madagascariensis Secusio extensa (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was evaluated as a potential bio- logical control agent for Madagascar fireweed, Senecio madagascariensis Correspondence (Asteraceae), which has invaded over 400 000 acres of rangeland in the Mohsen M. Ramadan (corresponding author), Hawaiian Islands and is toxic to cattle and horses. The moth was intro- State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture, duced from southeastern Madagascar into containment facilities in Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 South King Hawaii, and host specificity tests were conducted on 71 endemic and Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96814, USA. E-mail: [email protected] naturalized species (52 genera) in 12 tribes of Asteraceae and 17 species of non-Asteraceae including six native shrubs and trees considered key Received: September 15, 2009; accepted: components of Hawaiian ecosystems. No-choice feeding tests indicated April 6, 2010. that plant species of the tribe Senecioneae were suitable hosts with first instars completing development to adult stage on S. madagascariensis doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01536.x (78.3%), Delairea odorata (66.1%), Senecio vulgaris (57.1%), Crassoceph- alum crepidioides (41.2%), and at significantly lower rates on Emilia fos- bergii (1.8%) and Erechtites hieracifolia (1.3%). A low rate of complete larval development also was observed on sunflower, Helianthus annuus (11.6%), in the tribe Heliantheae.
    [Show full text]