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Diplomová Práce Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE 2014 Jiří Vaňátko Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra francouzského jazyka a literatury Diplomová práce Langage SMS et F.L.E. Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Tomáš Klinka Autor práce: Bc. Jiří Vaňátko Obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní a střední školy, anglický jazyk – francouzský jazyk Rok dokončení práce: 2014 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, ţe diplomovou práci s názvem Langage SMS et F.L.E. jsem vypracoval samostatně. Pouţitou literaturu a podkladové materiály uvádìm v přiloţeném seznamu literatury. V Praze dne 19.6.2014 Jiřì Vaňátko Děkuji tìmto panu Mgr. Tomáši Klinkovi za vedenì mé diplomové práce, jeho cenné rady a doporučenì. Anotační list Název diplomové práce: Jazyk SMS a francouzština jako cizì jazyk Klíčová slova: Digitálnì komunikace, jazyk SMS/chatu, jev a typy zkratky, sociolekt, vztah psanost/mluvenost, pravopis, smailìk/emotikon, angličtina, čeština, sociolingvistika, učebnice francouzštiny jako cizìho jazyka (úrovně A1, A2, B1, B2), kompetence jazykové/komunikačnì/sociokulturnì, výuková aktivita, pracovnì/metodický list, vhodnost, reálie, přìnosy/rizika Abstrakt česky s názvem práce Jazyk SMS a francouzština jako cizì jazyk Stěţejnìm tématem práce je jazyk krátkých textových zpráv (SMS), potaţmo jazyk chatu a jeho uplatněnì ve výuce francouzštiny jako cizìho jazyka (fr. zkratka F.L.E., français langue étrangère). Záměrem je zodpovědět otázku, jakým způsobem uchopit z lingvo- didaktického hlediska tento novodobý sociolekt mladých uţivatelů (nejen) francouzského jazyka pro praktické pouţitì v hodinách francouzštiny. Prvotnìm cìlem je lingvisticky popsat a pochopit mechanismy daného jazykového kódu ve francouzštině a stručně také v češtině a angličtině, včetně jeho pozice jako socio-kulturnìho jevu v současné francouzštině. Následuje výzkum zabývajìcì se identifikacì a analýzou výukových aktivit pracujìcìch s jazykem SMS v přibliţně padesáti učebnicìch francouzštiny. Kromě praktického rozboru vybraných cvičenì vyuţìvajìcìch zkoumaný jev pro úrovně A1, A2, B1, B2 je součástì teoretické zhodnocenì dané problematiky vycházejìcì z poznatků zìskaných z odborné didakticky zaměřené literatury. Vrcholným bodem je soubor deseti pracovnìch listů spolu s detailnìmi metodickými pokyny postavených na jazyku SMS (chatu) a jeho tematice pro výuku francouzštiny jako cizìho jazyka a zakládajìcìch se zároveň i na poznatcìch předešlých částì práce. Dìlo je rozděleno zhruba na část lingvistickou a didaktickou, přičemţ část didaktická má dále sekci teoretickou a praktickou. Nepostradatelnou součástì jsou přìlohy se souborem pracovnìch listů a CD s nahrávkami pro některé aktivity. Přìnos dìla spočìvá nejprve v popisu a utřìděnì poznatků o jazyku SMS (chatu) ve francouzštině z hlediska (socio)lingvistického, dále ve zmapovánì mìry a způsobech vyuţitì jazyka SMS v současných metodách F.L.E. a naposledy ve zpracovánì praktických výukových materiálů vyuţìvajìcìch forem, prvků nebo tematiky jazyka SMS při hodinách francouzštiny, předně pro české ţáky. Annotation Title of the thesis: Language of SMS and French as a foreign language Key words: Digital communication technologies, language of SMS/of chat, phenomenon of abbreviation and its types, sociolect, relation of the written/the spoken, orthography, smiley/emoticon, English, Czech, sociolinguistics, text book of French as a foreign language (levels A1, A2, B1, B2), linguistic/communicative/sociocultural competences, teaching activity, work sheet/teacher’s sheet, appropriateness, realia, benefits/risks Abstract in English with English title of the thesis: Language of SMS and French as a foreign language The central topic of the thesis is the language of short text messages (SMS) and/or the one of chat and their application in teaching of French as a foreign language (fr. abbreviation F.L.E., français langue étrangère). The aim is to answer the question so as to how to grasp linguo-didactically this modern sociolect of young users (not only) of French, typical of written communication via digital technologies, with the purpose of the purely practical use in the classes of French. Firstly, a linguistic description will be given in order to understand the mechanisms of the explored language code not only in French, but also partly in Czech and English, as well as the determination of the position of the SMS language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the present-day French. The following research will be dealing with the identification and the analysis of the teaching activities using the SMS language found in approximately fifty text books of French intended for the learners of levels A1, A2, B1, B2. The next section offers the theoretical evaluation of the exploitability of the SMS language in the classes of French, having as a point of reference specialised works of didactics of foreign languages. The major part becomes the set of ten work-sheets, each provided with the methodical instructions and a CD with materials drawing on the actual findings from the previous parts of the thesis (theoretical reflexion and analysis of activities). The work is divided in the linguistic and the didactic section, in which the latter has further the theoretical and practical sub-part. The contribution of the whole work consists not only in the description and classification of the characteristics of the SMS language in contemporary French from the (socio)linguistic point of view, but also in giving a clear overview of the degree and ways of employment of the SMS language in a linguo-didactic way by the present-day teaching methods of F.L.E. The essential idea, lastly, is to provide practical teaching materials using the forms, elements and topics, all related to the SMS language in the classes of French intended chiefly for the Czech learners. Sommaire 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................10 A. Langage SMS sur le plan linguistique......................................................................21 2 Langage SMS et de chat : quel point de vue d’analyse ?................................................22 3 Abréviation(s) et SMS : de l’Antiquité au message « texto ».........................................24 4 Langage SMS, de chat ou une cyberlangue ? .................................................................28 5 Quels procédés du langage SMS et de chat ?..................................................................33 5.1 Types d’abréviations : de la tradition à la nouveauté................................................33 5.2 Autres niveaux linguistiques et leurs aspects variés.................................................36 5.3 Au-delà de l’abréviation : aspects graphiques divers ; les « smileys ».....................38 6 Précision sur les procédés majeurs utilisés dans les SMS...............................................42 6.1 Entre les côtés phonique et graphique du français....................................................43 6.1.1 Orthographe phonétique......................................................................................44 6.1.2 Phonétisation des caractères................................................................................47 6.2 Phénomènes graphiques : abréviation, sigles, acronymes et autres..........................52 6.2.1 Abréviation..........................................................................................................52 6.2.2 Squelettes consonantiques...................................................................................53 6.2.3 Abréviations voyelle(s) Ŕ consonne(s)................................................................53 6.2.4 Sigles...................................................................................................................54 6.2.5 Acronymes...........................................................................................................56 6.3 Autres influences dans le langage SMS et de chat....................................................58 6.3.1 Langage texto français face à l’anglais...............................................................58 6.3.2 Eléments du verlan, argot, jargon et lexique familier.........................................59 6.3.3 Diversité et variation d’abréviations...................................................................60 7 Langage SMS et la société : pour ou contre ?.................................................................62 7.1 Les avantages liés au langage SMS et de chat..........................................................62 7.2 Les inconvénients liés au langage SMS et de chat....................................................65 B. Langage SMS et son potentiel formatif.....................................................................73 8 Enjeux didactiques : remarques préalables.....................................................................74 9 Pourquoi et comment aborder le langage texto...............................................................77 9.1 Enseigner le langage texto ?......................................................................................77 9.2 Intégration du langage texto au F.L.E. : quelles démarches ?...................................81 10 Langage SMS et les moyens linguistiques....................................................................83 10.1 Les compétences orthographique, phonétique et grammaticale..............................83 10.2 Compétence lexicale...............................................................................................88
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