IJMESS Special Issue ICMHI 2017

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

IJMESS Special Issue ICMHI 2017 International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences (www.ijmess.com) Special Issue on Medical and Health Informatics (Conference (ICMHI 2017 ) held at Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan) Special Issue Edited by: Prof. Dr. Hsin-Hung Wu (Distinguished Professor) Dept. of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan Phone: +886-4-7232105 ext. 7412 E-mail: [email protected] Guest Editors Chi-Chang Chang, Ph.D. Dept. of Medical Informatics, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Chih-Hsuan Huang, Ph.D. School of Business Administration, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan City, China E-mail: [email protected] Yii-Ching Lee, Ph.D. Dept. of Health Business Administration, Hung Kuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Yu-Huei Liu, Ph.D. Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Jiunn-I Shieh, Ph.D. Dept. of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected] Fong-Jung Yu, Ph.D. Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan E-mail: [email protected]. Note: Organisers of International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI 2017) and Special Issue Guest Editor(s) are responsible for the review and contents of the published articles. Reviewers Chih Huang, Beijing Institute of Technology, China Chih-Ming Lin, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan Chin-Yuan Fan, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Chuan-Gang Liu, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Taiwan Fong-Jung Yu, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan Hao-Yun Kao, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan Hsu-Ju Teng, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan Jia-Wen Wang, Nanhua University, Taiwan Jr-Shian Chen, Hungkuang University, Taiwan Jung Ae Lee, University of Arkansas, USA Kao-Hong Lo, Yu Da University, Taiwan Kuo-Ping Lin, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Pei He, Guangzhou University, China Quan Zou, Tianjin University, China Su-Hsin Chang, Washington University in St. Louis, United States Tian-Fu Lee, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan Wen-Chien Ting, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan Ya-Hsin Li, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan Yang Xu, Peking University, China Yan-Kuen Wu, Vanung University, Taiwan Yen-Chiao (Angel) Lu, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan Yu-Huei Liu, China Medical University, Taiwan Note: Organisers of International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics (ICMHI 2017) and Special Issue Guest Editor(s) are responsible for the review and contents of the published articles. .
Recommended publications
  • Separation Enhancement of Mechanical Filters by Adding Negative Air Ions
    132 Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 2016, 5, 132-139 Separation Enhancement of Mechanical Filters by Adding Negative Air Ions Shinhao Yang1, Yi-Chin Huang1, Chin-Hsiang Luo2,* and Chi-Yu Chuang3 1Center for General Education, Toko University, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan 2Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan 3Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan Abstract: The purpose of this work is to combine negative air ions (NAIs) and mechanical filters for removal of indoor suspended particulates. Various factors, including aerosol size (0.05-0.45 µm), face velocity (10 and 20 cm/s), species of aerosol (potassium chloride and dioctyl phthalate), relative humidity (30% and 70%), and concentrations of NAIs (2 × 104, 1 × 105, and 2 × 105 NAIs/cm3) were considered to evaluate their effects on the aerosol collection characteristics of filters. Results show that the aerosol penetration through the mechanical filter is higher than that through the mechanical filters cooperated with NAIs. This finding implies that the aerosol removal efficiency of mechanical filters can be improved by NAIs. Furthermore, the aerosol penetration through the mechanical filters increased with the aerosol size when NAIs were added. That is due to that the aerosol is easier to be charged when its size gets larger. The results also indicate the aerosol penetration decreased with the NAIs concentration increased. Reversely, aerosol penetration through the mechanical filters increased with the face velocity under the influence of NAIs. The aerosol penetration through the filter with NAIs was no affected with relative humidity.
    [Show full text]
  • Applying the Membrane-Less Electrolyzed Water Spraying for Inactivating Bioaerosols
    Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 13: 350–359, 2013 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2012.05.0124 Applying the Membrane-Less Electrolyzed Water Spraying for Inactivating Bioaerosols Chi-Yu Chuang1, Shinhao Yang2*, Hsiao-Chien Huang2, Chin-Hsiang Luo3, Wei Fang1, Po-Chen Hung4, Pei-Ru Chung5 1 Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan 2 Center for General Education, Toko University, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan 3 Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan 4 Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei 10346, Taiwan 5 Union Safety Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Taipei 10458, Taiwan ABSTRACT The inactivating efficiency using membrane-less electrolyzed water (MLEW) spraying was evaluated against two airborne strains, Staphylococcus aureus and λ virus aerosols, in an indoor environment-simulated chamber. The air exchanged rate (ACH) of the chamber was controlled at 0.5 and 1.0 h–1. MLEW with a free available chlorine (FAC) concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm were pumped and sprayed into the chamber to treat microbial pre-contaminated air. Bioaerosols were collected and cultured from air before and after MLEW treatment. The first-order constant inactivation efficiency of the initial counts of 3 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU or PFU)/m3 for both microbial strains were observed. A higher FAC concentration of MLEW spraying resulted in greater inactivation efficiency. The inactivation coefficient under ACH 1.0 h–1 was 0.481 and 0.554 (min–1) for Staphylococcus aureus of FAC 50 and 100 ppm spraying.
    [Show full text]
  • Study in Taiwan - 7% Rich and Colorful Culture - 15% in Taiwan, Ancient Chinese Culture Is Uniquely Interwoven No.7 in the Fabric of Modern Society
    Le ar ni ng pl us a d v e n t u r e Study in Foundation for International Cooperation in Higher Education of Taiwan (FICHET) Address: Room 202, No.5, Lane 199, Kinghua Street, Taipei City, Taiwan 10650, R.O.C. Taiwan Website: www.fichet.org.tw Tel: +886-2-23222280 Fax: +886-2-23222528 Ministry of Education, R.O.C. Address: No.5, ZhongShan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10051, R.O.C. Website: www.edu.tw www.studyintaiwan.org S t u d y n i T a i w a n FICHET: Your all – inclusive information source for studying in Taiwan FICHET (The Foundation for International Cooperation in Higher Education of Taiwan) is a Non-Profit Organization founded in 2005. It currently has 114 member universities. Tel: +886-2-23222280 Fax: +886-2-23222528 E-mail: [email protected] www.fichet.org.tw 加工:封面全面上霧P 局部上亮光 Why Taiwan? International Students’ Perspectives / Reasons Why Taiwan?1 Why Taiwan? Taiwan has an outstanding higher education system that provides opportunities for international students to study a wide variety of subjects, ranging from Chinese language and history to tropical agriculture and forestry, genetic engineering, business, semi-conductors and more. Chinese culture holds education and scholarship in high regard, and nowhere is this truer than in Taiwan. In Taiwan you will experience a vibrant, modern society rooted in one of world’s most venerable cultures, and populated by some of the most friendly and hospitable people on the planet. A great education can lead to a great future. What are you waiting for? Come to Taiwan and fulfill your dreams.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Astragalus polysaccharides (PG2) enhances the M1 polarization of macrophages, functional maturation of dendritic cells, and T cell-mediated anticancer immune responses in patients with lung cancer Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu a,b# , Kuang-Tai Kuo c,d# , Chun-Hua Wang e,f , Wen-Chien Huang g,h , Alexander T.H. Wu i, Jo-Ting Tsai j,k , Kang-Yun Lee l, Chi-Tai Yeh c,d,m* and Liang-Shun Wang a,b * a Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. b Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. c Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. d Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. e Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan. f School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan g MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. h Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. i The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan j Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan. k Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. l Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan. m Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan # These authors contributed equally to this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuition Fees Waiver
    Tzu Chi University TCU_GPS 3.0 G P S Globalocalization People Centric Sustainability 全球在 地 以人為本 永續發展 1986 Tzu Chi General Hospital 2002 Tzu Chi Medical Center 1989 Tzu Chi College of Nursing 1999 Tzu Chi College of Technology Founder 1994 Tzu Chi College of Medicine 2000 Tzu Chi University Dharma Master Cheng Yen School Mottos Kindness, Compassion, Joy, Unselfish Giving Tzu Chi's Comprehensive Education System In early 2000, a comprehensive education from kindergarten up to the Ph.D. Kindergarten Elementary School Junior High School University Tzu Chi's Medical System Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Yuli Branch Kuanshan Branch Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital International Medical Service Center Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Douliu Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital • President(Since 2019/08~) • Vice president(Since 2017/08~2019/07) • Provost(Since 2014/09~2017/07) • Director,Center for Faculty Development and Teaching Resources (Since 2013/08~) • Professor, Institute of Medical Sciences(Since 2014/08~) • Ph.D., University of Southern California, California, USA. • M.Sc.Indiana University, Bloomington, USA. • B.Sc.National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Presented Lifelong Honorary President Fellowship and Outstanding Female Scientist Award by the Ingrid Y. Liu, Ph.D. Thai Neuroscience Society. 8 World Asia Taiwan Tzu Chi University is ranked 67th in the world, 10th in Asia, and tops the list in Taiwan, among 462 universities 67/462 10 1 by Times Higher University Impact Ranking in 2019. Strategies for SDGs Promotion 101- 26 200 79 201- 77 300 52 82 26 101- 201 201 200 Incorporate SDGs concepts into curriculums and education.
    [Show full text]
  • Higher Plasma Pyridoxal Phosphate Is Associated with Increased Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Critically Ill Surgical Patients
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 572081, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/572081 Clinical Study Higher Plasma Pyridoxal Phosphate Is Associated with Increased Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Critically Ill Surgical Patients Chien-Hsiang Cheng,1 Shih-Chien Huang,2 Ting-Yu Chiang,3 Yueching Wong,4 and Yi-Chia Huang4 1 The Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan 2 Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan 3 Nutrition Section, Tung’s Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 4 School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Correspondence should be addressed to Yi-Chia Huang; [email protected] Received 4 April 2013; Accepted 15 May 2013 Academic Editor: Stephen C. Land Copyright © 2013 Chien-Hsiang Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Critically ill patients experience severe stress, inflammation and clinical conditions which may increase the utilization and metabolic turnover of vitamin B-6 and may further increase their oxidative stress and compromise their antioxidant capacity. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between vitamin B-6 status (plasma and erythrocyte PLP) oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacities in critically ill surgical patients. Thirty-seven patients in surgical intensive care unit of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, were enrolled. The levels of plasma and erythrocyte PLP, serum malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) were determined on the 1st and 7th days of admission.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Fields of Interest for Collaboration
    Tzu Chi University Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages 慈濟大學 文藻外語大學 INTRODUCTION Ingrid Liu - 劉怡均 YuJane Chen - 陳玉珍 INTRODUCTION Dean Chairperson of Department Tzu Chi University was founded in 1994; we have 4 Office of Academic Affairs Department of International Affairs Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages is the first colleges that contain 18 research institutes and 17 institute of higher education in Taiwan focusing on academic departments. We emphasizes the Daily Life Tel : +886-3-8565301 ext.1100 Tel : +886-7-3426031 ext.6124/6101 the teaching of foreign languages. Wenzao has college Education, Virtue Education, Humanities Education Fax : +886-3-8562490 Fax : +886-7-3100743 programs (regular 4-year and upper 2-year), post- and Appreciation for education. Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] graduate study, Chinese language learning programs, and extension education. Presently, the university has 203 partner institutes around the world. FIELDS OF INTEREST Anita Yang - 楊青穎 Aiden Yeh - 葉佰賢 FOR COLLABORATION Staff Manager of Cooperation and Office of International Affairs Exchange Section FIELDS OF INTEREST 1. Short-term exchange program Office of International and Cross-strait Tel : +886-3-8565301 ext.1018 FOR COLLABORATION 2. Academic exchange Cooperation Fax : +886-3-8574499 Email : [email protected] Tel : +886-7-3426031 ext.2611 1. Dual degrees Fax : +886-7-3100743 (including 2+1+1; 3+1; 2+2, or 3+2 plus etc.) Email : [email protected] 2. Distance learning courses 3. Exchange students 4. Short-term program www.tcu.edu.tw (Summer and tailor-made Mandarin course etc.) Address: No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Competitiveness of Taiwan Higher Education
    The Competitiveness of Taiwan Higher Education Presented By Wan-Lee Cheng, Ph.D. Chair Professor Chung Yuan Christian University At The Executive Conference on International and Cross- strait Affairs, 2013 June 26, 2013 Presentation Outlines • Taiwan Students Study Abroad (60s, 70s and 80s) • Time for Taiwan Higher Education Institutions to Make Contributions • Quality Assurance of Taiwan Higher Education • Government Investments in Research and Teaching • Uniqueness and Worthiness of Studying in Taiwan • Internationalization of Campuses • Additional Values on University Campuses in Taiwan • Conclusion 2 • The number of study abroad over the years in the 60s 70s and 80s • Overseas scholars returning homeland TAIWAN STUDENTS STUDY ABROAD 3 Taiwan Students Study Abroad Number of people approved to study abroad (A) 215,830 64,216 31,365 21,248 4,515 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1998 4 Taiwan Students Study Abroad Number of people return to Taiwan (B) 37,883 14,880 5,166 400 1,172 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 **1980-1989 **1990-1998 5 Taiwan Students Study Abroad Percentage of return to Taiwan (B) / (A) * 100 23.17 17.55 16.5 8.9 5.5 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 **1980-1989 **1990-1998 6 Taiwan Students Study Abroad Data from MOE 7 Number of Returning Study Abroad Scholars Employed in Various Sectors 1971-1998 Year Total Employment Assisted by the Youth Commission Self Employed(%) Research University Government Public Private Organizations (%) Teaching (%) Units (%) Businesses (%) Businesses (%) 1971 291 6.5 52.2 10 10.7 5.5 15.1 1972
    [Show full text]
  • APANE (Asian and Pacific Alliance for Nursing Education)
    Asian and Pacific Alliance for Nursing Education Opening Ceremony and International Congress Multi-culture Collaboration in Nursing Education Friday, September 6, 2019 9:00 am Registration & Networking Opening Remarks 10:20 am CHAIR: Jing-Jy Wang 王靜枝, Chair of APANE Preparation Committee Keynote speech─ Nursing leadership: Bridging education and practice SPEAKER: 11:05 am MODERATOR: Professor Lian-Hua Huang 黃璉華 Hsiu-Hung Wang 王秀紅, President of Taiwan Nurses Association (TWNA) ICN Board Member 12:00 pm Lunch & Poster Exhibition, Networking Plenary speech ─Sustainable Development Goals and nursing education MODERATOR: SPEAKER: 1:30 pm Yu-Yun Hsu 許⽟雲, President of Taiwan Association of Nursing Education (TANE) Director Johnson Huang 黃兆聖 AdvMeds Co., Ltd., Taiwan Professor Patsy Yates Yann-Fen Chiou Chao 邱艷芬, Chair of College of Nursing, Hungkuang University Queensland University of Technology, Australia Associate Professor and Dean Yajai Sitthimongkol Shao-Yu Tsai 蔡劭瑜, Professor of School of Nursing, National Taiwan University ยาใจ สิทธิมงคล Mahidol University, Thailand 2:45 pm Refreshment Break & Poster Exhibition, Networking Partner Presentations & Exhibitions Jing-Jy Wang 王靜枝, Chair of Fan-Hao Chou 周汎澔, Vice Chair of Ying-Ju Chang 張瑩如, Director of APANE Preparation Committee Education Committee of TANE Nursing Department, NCKU Hospital 1. Asia University 12. Fu Jen Catholic University 22. National Taipei University of 2. Chang Gung University of Science 13. Hungkuang University Nursing and Health Sciences and Technology 14. Pham Ngoc Thach University of 23. National Taiwan University 3. Chang Jung Christian University Medicine 24. University of Puthisastra 3:00 pm 4. Association of Indonesian Nurse 15. Kaohsiung Medical University 25. National Yang-Ming University Education Center 16.
    [Show full text]
  • NSF-NSC Summer Institute in Taiwan Program
    NSF-NSC Summer Institute in Taiwan Program The National Science Foundation (NSF) has recently announced the 2009 East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes (EAPSI) program and is accepting applications for U.S. graduate students to do research in Taiwan or Australia , China , Japan , Korea , New Zealand , or Singapore for 8 weeks in the summer of 2009. The Summer Institute in Taiwan (SIT) program is a joint program between the NSF and the National Science Council (NSC) in Taiwan . The program provides U.S. graduate students in science (including social and humanity sciences) and engineering with an opportunity to go to Taiwan in the summer for eight weeks to participate in research projects in the areas of their studies at the participating host institutions. Since the program inaugurated in 2000, NSF and NSC have supported over 100 graduate students. They participated in research works in Taiwan at the host institutions such as National Taiwan University , National Tsing-Hua University , National Central University , Academia Sinica, National Center for High Performance Computing, National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, etc. The experience not only has enabled the students to expand the scope of their scholarly works but also has helped them establish personal relationship with scientists in Taiwan, thus better prepare them to collaborate with foreign counterparts in the future. Awardees will receive a $5,000 stipend, a round trip air ticket from NSF, while the NSC in Taiwan will provide additional support to cover living expenses during the period of the summer program. I would highly recommend that you encourage your graduate students to take advantage of this opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • Building up Students' Overall Competitiveness
    Tuition and Fee Allotment to Teaching Cost at Building up Students’ Taiwan Universities & Colleges (2018) Overall Competitiveness Standard Average Ratio (Tuition Businesses or University Tuition Teaching and Fees/ Religious andFees (NT$) Cost per Average Cost Group Sponsors Student (NT$) per Student) Taipei Medical University 110,914 477,951 23.21% Hospital Chang Gung University 100,884 408,819 24.68% Formosa Plastics Group Tzu Chi University 90,817 330,959 27.00% Fo Guang University 74,246 215,989 34.37% Fo Guang Shan Kaohsiung Medical University 113,625 273,208 42.00% Hospital Huafan University 97,250 222,862 44.00% Religious Group Nanhua University 91,116 191,562 47.56% Fo Guang Shan Yuan Ze University 112,080 231,538 48.41% The Far Eastern Group China Medical University 107,145 217,531 49.26% Hospital Chung Yuan Christian University 102,534 163,875 62.57% Chinese Culture University 99,093 151,274 65.51% Chung Hua University 96,578 139,963 69.00% Tatung University 104,815 151,611 69.13% Tatung Company Dayeh University 100,042 143,934 69.51% Tunghai University 109,000 153,000 71.20% Feng Chia University 104,720 138,175 76.00% Fu Jen Catholic University 98,229 123,812 79.00% Hospital I-SHOU University 109,687 138,852 79.00% E United Group Tamkang University 98,456 124,259 79.23% Soochow University 102,834 129,458 79.43% Asia University 104,894 129,817 80.80% Hospital Ming Chuan University 97,863 120,723 81.06% Providence University 95,262 111,994 85.06% Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU) Under the leadership of Chair of the Board Shih Chien University 94,716 110,069 86.05% was established in 1955.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Development of Advanced Faculty in Leisure and Sport for Higher Education Between 2006 and 2011
    A Study on the Development of Advanced Faculty in Leisure and Sport for Higher Education between 2006 and 2011 Cheng-Lung Wu, Department of Marine Sports and Recreation, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Yung-Chuan Tsai, Department of Recreation Sports & Health Promotion, Meiho University, Taiwan Yong Tang, Corresponding Author, Department of Aquatic Sport and Recreation, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taiwan ABSTRACT This study employed latent growth curve modeling to verify the growth on the number of full-time faculty in the department relevant to leisure and sports in higher educational institutions in Taiwan. The scope of this study covers the departments relevant to leisure and sport. The number of the full-time faculty in the department relevant to leisure and sport was treated as observed variable for the analysis of its growth. The results found that a goodness fit between the number of students recruited in the latent growth curve model and observed data and that the growth of the number of the faculty in the department relevant to leisure and sport was significantly different along with time and the increase of the number of classes in the department relevant to the leisure and sport. And, the number of the faculty in the department relevant to leisure and sport in between 2006 and 2011 was significantly impacted by the higher educational systems, traditional or vocational universities, both of the number in the beginning point and growth rate were significantly different. It revealed that the factor of traditional and vocational educational system did influence the number of full-time faculty.
    [Show full text]