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Proceedings of Kermadec Discoveries and Connections Proceedings of Kermadec Discoveries and Connections Science Symposium April 11-12, 2016 Academy Galleries, Queens Wharf, Wellington PROCEEDINGS OF KERMADEC – DISCOVERIES AND CONNECTIONS ISBN: 978-0-473-36137-2 Edited by: Bronwen Golder and Amelia Connell, The Pew Charitable Trusts PO Box 25459 Wellington New Zealand Kermadec – Discoveries and Connections, Wellington, New Zealand, 11-12 April 2016 Suggested citation: Author Name(s). 2016, Article title. In B Golder and A Connell (Eds.) Proceedings of Kermadec – Discoveries and Connections. Paper presented at Kermadec – Discoveries and Connections, Wellington, New Zealand (inclusive page numbers). The Pew Charitable Trusts. The Pew Charitable Trusts is driven by the power of knowledge to solve today’s most challenging problems. Pew applies a rigorous, analytical approach to improve public policy, inform the public, and invigorate civic life. Cover images: ©2016 Jason O’Hara DISCOVERIES AND CONNECTIONS – these are words that excite our imagination and inspire scientific endeavour. The Kermadec region of New Zealand Readers of this Proceedings Document will BRONWEN GOLDER, represents the last frontier in marine and find the descriptors ‘unique’, ‘never before DIRECTOR, KERMADEC island exploration. The near pristine waters seen’, ‘first record’, ‘new species’, and INITIATIVE, GLOBAL OCEAN and island ecology of the Kermadecs offer ‘distinct’ used frequently in the papers LEGACY, THE PEW scientists and conservation agencies a presented – yet further scientific CHARITABLE TRUSTS unique research and management confirmation that the habitats, species and [email protected] opportunity. oceanic processes and connections of the Kermadec region are a globally significant. In 2010 The Pew Charitable Trusts hosted the first ever Kermadec Science Symposium Scientists presenting to the Symposium also - DEEP – Talks and Thoughts Celebrating explored the opportunities for scientific Diversity in New Zealand’s Untouched research that the recently proposed Kermadecs. Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary has the potential to provide. Set out below is a Between 2010 and 2015 a number of summary of their recommendations for expeditions have made their way to the consideration by the future Kermadec Kermadec region – exploring the islands, the Ocean Sanctuary Conservation Board and near shore waters, the arc, and the deep sea. conservation managers. While scientists estimate that only 5% of the Kermadec region has been explored to date, On behalf of The Pew Charitable Trusts, these recent expeditions (some long WWF-NZ, and Forest and Bird, we thank planned, others opportunistic) have added mana whenua, scientists, conservation significantly to scientists understanding of managers and ‘Kermadecians’ who the Kermadec region, and its relationship to contributed their research and their the wider health of ocean systems and expertise to the 2016 Kermadec Science species. Symposium. The April 2016 Kermadec Science A special thanks to Kina Scollay and Judith Symposium – Kermadec – Discoveries and Curren (Our Big Blue Backyard, NHNZ), Connections – hosted by The Pew Charitable photographer Richie Robinson, Trusts, WWF-NZ and Forest & Bird, brought videographer Steve Hathaway, artist/author together mana whenua, scientists, and Gregory O’Brien and Rebecca Priestley, conservation managers involved with the Senior Lecturer and author for the Kermadec region. Over two days, sitting breathtaking images, passionate words and amidst the works of the latest Kermadec inspiration that they shared at the exhibition, scientists reported on their most symposium. recent Kermadec expeditions. We look forward to their continued The Symposium audience heard about the expeditions of exploration and discovery, 15 species new to science identified by the and the growing understanding their 2011 Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition; the research brings to the protection and largest submarine eruption ever recorded management of the Kermadec region of (Harve Volcano in July 2012); the discovery New Zealand. of pine pollen from northeastern New Zealand in the depths of the 10,000 m deep Kermadec Tonga Trench; and, the first ever tracking of Oceania Humpback whales from Raoul Island to the waters of Antarctica. RESEARCH THAT SCIENTISTS WOULD WHAT IS NEEDED TO PURSUE THIS RECOMMEND BE INCORPORATED INTO A RESEARCH ACROSS THE KERMADEC SCIENCE PLAN FOR A KERMADEC OCEAN OCEAN SANCTUARY SANCTUARY . Leadership, infrastructure and . Scientific exploration and intensive capacity to implement the science sampling / collection across the plan and support researchers in a Kermadec region (micro to macro, timely and effective manner surface to hadal, vertical and (including streamlining of horizontal) to improve permitting processes and biodiversity descriptions and agreement and co-ordination understanding of community amongst researchers) composition, abundance, genetic connectivity, and recovery . Continue and expand collaboration potential (current research focus across agencies (national and on about 5% of the region) international) to facilitate and coordinate multi-disciplinary . Geospatial mapping of ocean research, at scale, and including pelagic species to determine the participation of international importance of the Kermadec research vessels and national region as a habitat and migratory marine science investment in route for oceanic pelagic fish and extraordinary assets for marine cetaceans science – e.g. AUVs, ROVs . Multidisciplinary and multi-year . A collective of skilled and research programmes to experienced personnel understand processes, linkages (particularly specialist taxonomists and structural continuum and geneticists) . Initiation of fixed, long-term . Prioritise collections of national monitoring stations across the significance to inform and increase Kermadec region the value of expeditions . Advanced offshore databases (submarine structures, volcanic centres, habitat distribution and biodiversity) using new data analysis techniques and statistics and making it easily transferable to end users . Identification and analysis of unidentified samples / material from previous voyages . Revisit previous surveys (1990’s) to assess sensitivity to, and impacts of, climate changes on species and systems . CONTENTS 1. Ocean Processes in the Kermadec Region CRAIG STEVENS, STEPHEN CHISWELL, PHILIP SUTTON AND GRAHAM RICKARD 3. Latest geophysical investigation in the Kermadec Arc Backarc system GEOFFROY LAMARCHE, RICHARD WYSOCZANSKI AND SOPHIE BARTON 7. The Colville Arc: Insights into the magmatism that shaped the Colville and Kermadec Ridges MONICA HANDLER, RICHARD WYSOCZANSKI AND CHRISTIAN TIMM 9. Havre 2012: The largest historic submarine eruption the world has never seen RICHARD WYSOCZANSKI, MONICA HANDLER, REBECCA CAREY 12. Deep-sea benthic sampling in the Kermadec region: recent research efforts and the need for a coordinated and integrated approach to future sampling MALCOLM R. CLARK, ASHLEY A. ROWDEN, GEOFFROY LAMARCHE 16. Current status of the biogeography of hydrothermal vent communities of western Pacific Ocean back-arc basins and volcanoes ASHLEY A. ROWDEN, MALCOLM R. CLARK, JENNIFER C. BEAUMONT, RACHEL E. BOSCHEN, ALISON B. MACDIARMID, KAREEN E. SCHNABEL, DIANNE M. TRACEY 20. Ecological diversity of hydrothermal vents, and issues for management of seabed mining RACHEL E. BOSCHEN, ASHLEY A. ROWDEN, MALCOLM R. CLARK AND JONATHAN P.A GARDNER 24. Connectivity of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem indicator taxa: genetic data to inform environmental management of the Kermadec region JONATHAN GARDNER, LYNDSEY HOLLAND, CONG ZENG, RACHEL BOSCHEN, ASHLEY ROWDEN, MALCOLM CLARK AND, JOANNA HAMILTON 29. Protected coral communities on the Kermadec Volcanic Arc: recorded and predicted distributions, and risks from ocean acidification DIANNE TRACEY, OWEN ANDERSON, HELEN BOSTOCK, SARA MIKALOFF-FLETCHER, MALINDI GAMMON, VONDA CUMMINGS, PETER MARRIOTT 36. 10,000 m under the sea: an overview of the HADES expedition to Kermadec Trench MILLS S., LEDUC D., DRAZEN J. C., YANCEY P., JAMIESON A. J., CLARK M. R., ROWDEN A. A., MAYOR D. J., PIERTNEY S., HEYL T., BARTLETT D., BOURQUE J., CHO W., DEMOPOULOS A., FRYER P., GERRINGER M., GRAMMATOPOULOU E., HERRERA S., ICHINO M., LECROQ B., LINLEY T. D., MEYER K., NUNNALLY C., RUHL H., WALLACE G., YOUNG C. AND SHANK T. M. 39. The unseen multitude: life in the sediments of Kermadec and Tonga trenches DANIEL LEDUC, ASHLEY A ROWDEN, MALCOLM R CLARK 42. 2005 Ring of Fire – Kermadec - Tonga Arc expedition – A pilot’s tale TERRY KERBY 44. Rate of species discovery in coastal waters of the Kermadec Islands and opportunities for future research TOM TRNSKI AND CLINTON A J DUFFY 48. The Kermadec corridor – an important habitat for migrating oceanic fishes? MALCOLM FRANCIS, CLINTON DUFFY, AND JOHN HOLDSWORTH 51. Kermadec Islands constitute a migratory corridor for the humpback whales breeding in New Caledonia CLAIRE GARRIGUE, ROCHELLE CONSTANTINE, SOLÈNE DERVILLE, RÉMI DODÉMONT, VÉRONIQUE PÉRARD 54. The Kermadec Islands and ‘The Great Humpback Whale Trail’ ROCHELLE CONSTANTINE, OLIVE ANDREWS, VIRGINIA ANDREWS-GOFF, C. SCOTT BAKER, SIMON CHILDERHOUSE, RÉMI DODÉMONT, MIKE DOUBLE, CLAIRE GARRIGUE, REBECCA LINDSAY, LEENA RIEKKOLA, DEBBIE STEEL, JAMES TREMLETT, SILJE VINDENES, ALEX ZERBINI 57. New Zealand’s Southern Right Whales: Reason for Hope ROCHELLE CONSTANTINE, C. SCOTT BAKER, EMMA CARROLL, SIMON CHILDERHOUSE, JENN JACKSON, WILL RAYMENT, LEIGH TORRES 58. A building biodiversity story for the shallow marine biodiversity of
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