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Culturally-Derived Values and Beliefs As Correlates of Risk for Problem Gambling

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Culturally-Derived Values and Beliefs As Correlates of Risk for Problem Gambling University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2006 Culturally-derived values and beliefs as correlates of risk for problem gambling. Melissa C. Hobbs University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Hobbs, Melissa C., "Culturally-derived values and beliefs as correlates of risk for problem gambling." (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1596. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/1596 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. CULTURALLY-DERIVED VALUES AND BELIEFS AS CORRELATES OF RISK FOR PROBLEM GAMBLING By Melissa C. Hobbs, M.A. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Through Psychology in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2006 © 2006 Melissa Hobbs Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-17123-3 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-17123-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be includedBien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Problem Gambling and Culture Abstract The purpose of the current study was to examine the relation between culturally-derived values and beliefs and risk for problem gambling. In Study 1, 331 participants completed web-based versions of the Individualism-Collectivism Scale, Social Axioms Survey (SAS), the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS). In Study 2, 90 participants completed these measures. Results were mixed with regard to the relation between Horizontal/Vertical Individualistic/Collectivistic values and risk for problem gambling as measured by the PGSI. However, it was found in both studies that risk for problem gambling was positively correlated with beliefs in Fate Control and Social Cynicism. Reward for Application, Religiosity and Social Complexity were not found to be related to risk for problem gambling. Stepwise regression of the Study 1 data indicated that the beliefs of Fate Control and Reward for Application were the only significant predictors of risk for problem gambling, explaining 22% of the variance. Study 2 stepwise regression results indicated that Fate Control was the only significant predictor of risk for problem gambling, explaining 58.6% of the variance. Implications of the current research and suggestions for further study are discussed. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Problem Gambling and Culture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of people whom I would like to thank for their support and encouragement in the completion of my Dissertation. First of all, thank you to my son, Michael, who was bom during my first year of graduate school and has endured “mommy” doing homework night after night in order to be his “Dr. Mom”. Next, to my husband, Shawn, who at times was more anxiety-ridden than I was - and sometimes hid it well! Thank you, Shawn for your unending, unwavering support. I would also like to thank my parents, Dr. and Mrs. Ronald and Coral Barron -thank you for letting me bend your ear for the last years and showing great empathy and compassion. You were right dad - 1 could do it! Thank you to my brother, Ron Barron. Thank you also to my in-laws, who are so much a part of me that I feel as if we are “laws” instead - thank you Mr. and Mrs. Michael and Rosemary Hobbs, Sherry and Tristan Berthiaume (Tristan - NOW I’m a doctor) and, last but not least, Bill and Stacey Stopard. Thank you to Drs. McDermott, Fellbaum, Schnayer and McGrory - your support, encouragement and advice were invaluable. Finally, I would like to thank my dissertation supervisor, Dr. Shelagh Towson, for her encouragement, guidance, and support. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. A. Toneatto, Dr. Ken Cramer, Dr. Ben Kuo, and Prof. T. Blair for their guidance and invaluable comments throughout this process. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Problem Gambling and Culture TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract........................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables.............................................................................................................................. ix List of Appendices .......................................................................................................................x Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Gambling in History ........................................................................................................1 Problem Gambling..........................................................................................................3 Definition and Context ................................................................................... 3 Etiological Theories....................................................................................... 7 Instrumental Learning and Classical Conditioning ......................... 7 Social Learning .................................................................................... 9 Faulty Cognitions ............................................................................... 10 Need-State Models ............................................................................. 11 Blaszczynski’s Pathways Model ......................................................14 Correlates of Problem Gambling...................................................... 16 Problem Gambling and Culturally-Derived Values and Beliefs ..............................18 Individualism and Collectivism ..........................................................................19 Social Axioms.................................................................................................27 Research Hypotheses...................................................................................................... 36 Method ......................................................................................................................................... 40 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Problem Gambling and Culture Study 1........................................................................................................................40 Participants ..................................................................................................
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