DOCSLIB.ORG

PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 English Settlements: 13 Diverse Colonies PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 “The British Are Coming…”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 English Settlements: 13 Diverse Colonies PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 “The British Are Coming…” European Land Holdings on the Eve of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 English Settlements: 13 Diverse Colonies PERIOD 2: 1607-1754 “the British are coming…” Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures and the varied North American environment where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources. text chapter 2: “the planting of English America” (1500-1733) turning point DEFEAT OF SPANISH ARMADA 1588 Spain overextends itself; leaving it and parts of its empire in New World vulnerable Recognition of England’s investment in a powerful naval. Beginning of the end; a slow decline of Spanish empire Which empire (culture) would dominate continent? ENGLAND ON THE EVE OF AN EMPIRE GROWING NATIONALISM AND UNITY Defeat of Spanish Armada: formal peace 1604 Elizabeth I ascends to throne (1558); popular monarch Protestant Queen: unifies religion in England after King Henry VII’s break from Catholic Church and Protestant Reformation Golden Age of English Literature self-confidence, adventure, curiosity of the unknown Developing capitalistic national economy; use of early corporations: joint stock companies INVESTORS WANT PROFIT$ Growing perceived “overpopulation” Empire Building in North America ENGLAND: PLANTING THE SEEDLINGS FOR A NEW- NEVER-BEFORE-SEEN NATION ROANOKE ISLAND (1585) Sir Walter Raleigh leads military excursion to scope N Carolina for settlement. (1587) First families arrive (1590) returning supply ship finds Roanoke deserted. one of American history’s great mysteries. JAMESTOWN, VA (1606) James I issues charter to (joint stock company) Virginia Company to settle in new world. ! charter: granted all the protection and rights under English rule “Have We Found the Lost Colony?” ENGLAND BEGINS PLANTING THE SEEDS A Difficult Start Disease (malaria), unpotable water, food shortages, poor leadership gold over survival While stealing food, Cpt Smith kidnapped by Powhatan Indians; saved” by Pocahontas. (Winter, 1608) released, Smith returns to fort: 38/104 settlers alive, and more arriving. Powhatan send food: a tenuous relationship. Cpt Smith elected president; enforces hard work ethics. Captain John Smith The Starving Time “Work or starve” 1580-1630 (1609-1610) Leadership void, food shortage, cannibalism, lack of supplies, problems persist….and more settlers. Virginia Company bankrupt; King James revokes charter, Virginia a royal colony – under leadership of King. King Nicotine John Rolfe returns to develop a cash cow for the mother-land TOBACCO: The “Bewitching Weed” requires a lot land. Tobacco… a lot of labor. depletes land quickly. Need for a lot of land and labor Indentured servants and families encouraged to cross the Atlantic…and John Rolfe 1585-1622 ! (1619) Dutch privateer ship White Lion lands in Jamestown with “20 and odd negroes” PROTESTANT REFORMATION Produces a new line of devote church reformers John Calvin writes Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) Establishes predestination: only the all-knowing God knew who would be saved. Not knowing your fate, people sought signs of conversion – an intense personal experience with God. The “elect” expected to live sanctified lives DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND Puritan “Separatists” The most radical, devout wanted a clean break from the (Anglican) Church of England. Some leave for Holland for religious freedom and avoid persecution ..some of these, along with “Strangers” risk settling near Jamestown Colony… ..but end up in Plymouth Massachussets DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENGLAND Plymouth Colony (1620) Early Hardships: behind schedule, Mayflower arrives in November. Pilgrims-Wampanoag Treaty April, 1621; friendly relations, strong leadership leads to successful settlement Gov. William Bradford Massasoit Wampanoag Chietan Cpt. Miles Standish WEST INDIES: The Way Station to Mainland America England secures claims to some Caribbean islands. sugar plantations Slavery become an important source of labor on sugar plantations the “ATLANTIC ECONOMY” The start of the TRIANGULAR TRADE pattern ! 13 Distinctly Different British Colonies Eng colonists bring to Am a tradition of independence and representative govt. Chesapeake Colonies Virginia Royal Colony Tobacco economy 1660’s low tobacco prices from overproduction tobacco farmer – London merchant trade wars. Maryland Proprietary Colony - under individual ownership (Lord Baltimore) by king. settlement for fellow Catholics To avoid Catholic/Protestant conflict – MD’s representative assembly passes… ACT OF TOLERATION (1649) guaranteeing toleration of all CHRISTIANS Labor Shortages Chesapeake Cols grew slowly: unhealthy climate disease Am Ind attacks Indentured Servants: under absolute rule of master Headright System: 50 acres of land to immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant’s passage. Slavery: 1619 to VA; treated similar as Indent Servs Early colonists too poor to buy slaves imported into W. Indies 1660’s VA passes laws discriminating against blacks (Bac Rebell) Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Royal Governor Berkeley adopts policies favoring large planters; dictatorial powers. Antagonizes backwoods farmers of Virginia’s western frontier – no protection from Am Inds. Land becoming scarce; Ind Servs not given their “freedom dues.” Nathaniel Bacon leads rebellion: raises vol army - raids and massacres Ind villages; burns Jamestown settlement. Lasting Problems: 1. Sharp class difference between large wealthy planters – landless or poor farmers. 2. Colonial resistance to royal control. Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) 1. First large-scale political rebellion Writes “Declaration” of grievances” (July, 1676) 2. Social rebellion: “eastern elites” v. backwoods farmers 3. Catalyst for change: use of indentured servants to slavery. Southern (Plantation) Colonies S Carolina (1663) Starts with strong W. Indies trade bond; good harbor. 1700’s rice plantations worked by slaves similar to W. Indies sugar plantations. SQUATTERS (without land rights) move in from Virginia and New England (1696) Barbados Slave Code adopted N. Carolina (1663) poorer transportation and fewer good harbors Fewer large plantations; less reliance on slaves. Reputation for democratic views; autonomy of British control BLOODY EUROPEAN – AM INDIAN RELATIONS (1711-1713) Tuscarora War (1715-1716) Yamasee Indians; devastating most costal tribes; BUT interior tribes remain strong. Georgia (1733) Founded (1733) as a buffer to protect itself from Spanish and Am Indian Invasions; proprietary colony Launched by philanthropists: to serve as a haven for debtors James Oglethorpe, first settlement of Savannah Strict regulations: no slavery, no drinking rum…. Slow Growing…. Becomes a royal colony: duplicates plantation S Carolina plantation system turning point Mayflower Compact the first, very rudiment Constitution – a “We the People” agreement New England Colonies John Winthrop Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) Lead by Winthrop with royal charter, 15,000+ leave in 1630s to found Boston during English Civil War: Great Migration “City on a Hill” sermon: importance of Puritan settlement Establish elected assembly: voting rights limited to male members of the Puritan Church. a “biblebelt’ across N Eng 1630’s Puritan Great Migration Map 3.1b p45 CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS Respected Puritan Minister, arriving in Boston (1631) Taught person’s conscience is beyond control of civil or church authority Banished from Mass Bay Colony, founds Providence Colony (Rhode Island) Respected right of Am Inds; paid for use of land Catholics, Quakers, Jews worshiped freely Roger Williams 1603-1683 CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS Anne Hutchinson questioned Puritan authorities Taught antinomianism faith alone is necessary for salvation Placed on trial for sedition: banished; she and followers founded Portsmouth Colony 1644, Roger Williams granted charter from Parliament joining colonies creating Rhode Island Tolerated diverse beliefs – a refuge for many - “the sewer” to the Puritans Anne Hutchinson 1591-1643 CONFLICT WITHIN THE PURITAN RANKS 1660s: one generation of Puritans later, fewer members were having conversions. To maintain church membership, more liberal clergy offer halfway covenant: partial church membership Short-term: creates schism within/among Puritan churches Long Term: Greater, more diverse participation CONNECTICUT Rev Thomas Hooker, unhappy with Mass Bay authorities, led followers to fertile Connecticut River Valley; founded Hartford Colony (1636) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) A representative govt A legislature elected by popular vote A governor chosen by the legislature ! Royal Charter (1665) granted with limited degree of self-govt NEW NETHERLAND 1600s: A DUTCH GOLDEN AGE earned independence from Spain Expands commercial and naval power to become leading colonial power: Dutch India Company Henry Hudson explores upper east coast, Hudson River Near the No. 7 train in Flushing, Queens—one of New York City’s most diverse neighborhoods—sits an unassuming house that can rightfully be called... The Cradle Of Our Religious Freedom By Gerri Hirshey Published: April 17, 2005 To lovers of freedom throughout history, there have been few sounds as ominous as the tramp of military boots followed by a knock on the door. More than 300 years ago, in 1662, there was such a banging on a one-room farm home in the town of Vlissingen (currently Flushing, Queens) in the early Dutch colony of New Amsterdam that is now New York City.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide to Flushing in Queens
    A GUIDE TO FLUSHING IN QUEENS Ethnic diversity is the hallmark of New York City, and nowhere is this diversity more evident than in Flushing, Queens. Founded in 1645, Flushing, then called Vlissingen, was granted a charter by the Dutch West India Company and became a part of New Netherlands. Subsequent periods of immigration resulted in colonization by English settlers, and more recently by settlers from Taiwan, mainland China, Japan and Korea. The result is an ethnic medley to be savored in its streets, shops, restaurants and cultural institutions. Where is Flushing? Located on western Long Island, Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Established in 1683, it was named for the queen consort, Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II. The borough of Queens is divided into four “towns,” Jamaica, Long Island City, Flushing, and Far Rockaway. Unlike the other boroughs, mail in Queens is addressed to the applicable town rather than “Queens, N. Y.” About Flushing The first It’s Easy to Get to Flushing settlers in Flushing were, From either Times Square, or Grand Central Station, oddly enough, take the Number 7 train to the last stop and you will a group of be in the heart of Flushing. Englishmen who arrived in 1645 from Vlissingen in Holland under a patent from the Dutch West Indies Company. Subsequently an influx of Quakers from the English colonial settlements in Massachusetts took place in 1657. With the arrival of the Quakers, Governor Peter Stuyvesant, known as Peg Leg Pete, issued an edict banning all forms of worship other than Dutch Reformed, despite the guaranty of freedom of worship contained in the official Dutch charter.
    [Show full text]
  • New Amsterdam's Untold Story
    New Amsterdam’s untold story: The Flushing Remonstrance Integrating NYC public school curricula, neighborhood museum resources and historical fiction to create diverse learning experiences in social studies © by Katrina A. Raben Mentor Nina Jaffe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Education Bank Street College of Education 2009 1 Abstract: This study focuses on experiential learning opportunities presented by integrating creative literature such as historical fiction into (NYC) social studies curricula. Providing teachers with aid in utilizing neighborhood cultural institutions for their physical and cultural history resources is paramount in creating tangible and multi-sensory learning experiences for varied learners. Such diverse modes of learning can be supported by illustrating the interface between history and comparative religions in social studies curricula, creating a foundation for socio-cultural inquiry that students today need in promoting tolerance and advocacy in their communities. 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….p. 4 A. Historical fiction and museum education B. Religion and diversity in the curriculum C. Curriculum supplement: 4th grade NYC social studies D. Developmental rationale II. Historical Background………………………………………………………………..p. 12 A. The Flushing Remonstrance B. Religious liberty in the colonies C. Relevance to today post 9/11 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………………………p. 18 IV. A Light In The Window (a work in progress)………………………………p. 23 V. Child’s Response & Reflection……………………………………………………..p. 39 A. Preliminary Reading B. Responses C. Reflections VI. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………p. 45 A. References B. Resources VI. Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………p. 49 A. Timeline of historic events B. Prototypes for illustrations 3 I. Introduction 4 I. Introduction A.
    [Show full text]
  • Flushing Remonstrance Special Resource Study
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Flushing Remonstrance Special Resource Study The United States Congress as part of Public Law 113- religious persecution of Quakers by the Governor-General 291, directed the National Park Service to conduct a of the Dutch colony in an attempt to allow free practice of special resource study to help determine whether the one’s religion in accordance with the colony’s charter. The resources related to the history of religious freedom and Flushing Remonstrance is recognized as one of the fi rst the 1657 Flushing Remonstrance would meet criteria for eff orts to secure the free exercise of religion in what would congressional designation as a unit of the national park become the United States. system. The study area will include the John Bowne House, Friends Meeting House, and “other resources in the vicinity The John Bowne House is located at 3701 Bowne of Flushing related to the history of religious freedom Street, Queens, New York. Built c. 1661 with subsequent during the era of the signing of the Flushing Remonstrance.” modifi cations, this Anglo-Dutch vernacular structure Flushing, located in the Queens Borough of New York City, was home to John Bowne, a major fi gure in the era of the New York, has a long standing tradition of ethnic diversity Flushing Remonstrance and the settlement of Flushing. and religious tolerance. Established as part the Dutch colony Listed in the National Register of Historic Places and as a of New Netherland in the early 17th century, and followed New York City Landmark, the Bowne House is operated by closely by the arrival of English settlers, Queens continues a not-for-profi t group and has been open to the public for today to serve as home to a multitude of ethnicities and educational tours since 1947.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Influences on Law and Governance in New York
    DUTCH INFLUENCES 12/12/2018 10:05 AM ARTICLES DUTCH INFLUENCES ON LAW AND GOVERNANCE IN NEW YORK *Albert Rosenblatt When we talk about Dutch influences on New York we might begin with a threshold question: What brought the Dutch here and how did those beginnings transform a wilderness into the greatest commercial center in the world? It began with spices and beaver skins. This is not about what kind of seasoning goes into a great soup, or about European wearing apparel. But spices and beaver hats are a good starting point when we consider how and why settlers came to New York—or more accurately—New Netherland and New Amsterdam.1 They came, about four hundred years ago, and it was the Dutch who brought European culture here.2 I would like to spend some time on these origins and their influence upon us in law and culture. In the 17th century, several European powers, among them England, Spain, and the Netherlands, were competing for commercial markets, including the far-east.3 From New York’s perspective, the pivotal event was Henry Hudson’s voyage, when he sailed from Holland on the Halve Maen, and eventually encountered the river that now bears his name.4 Hudson did not plan to come here.5 He was hired by the Dutch * Hon. Albert Rosenblatt, former Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, is currently teaching at NYU School of Law. 1 See COREY SANDLER, HENRY HUDSON: DREAMS AND OBSESSION 18–19 (2007); ADRIAEN VAN DER DONCK, A DESCRIPTION OF NEW NETHERLAND 140 (Charles T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Flushing
    8 onsidering its significance— considering how foundational The it is to American history, to the root idea of a free society that we all take for granted— Cthe Flushing Remonstrance is a document that gets very little Importance respect. It could have some- thing to do with the name: it’s an awkward mouthful, is it not? In the first place, we must admit—and forgive us, of residents of a certain city in the borough of Queens—that if “Flushing” stirs something in people, it is not especially lofty. As to “remonstrance,” it Flushing might be interesting to query your co-workers or members of your family to see how BY RUSSELL SHORTO many can give you a reason- ably close definition of the Seventeenth-century settlers in Flushing word. Perhaps calling it The Long Island Protest would drafted a protest that became a watershed of have gotten the document bigger play over the centuries. religious freedom in the New World and “one Or something poetically in keeping with its era (only a reason why New York became New York.” few decades from that of Shakespeare): say, The NEW YORK archives • WINTER 2008 9 Complaint of Conscience. the New World colony. One directors of the West India The 350th anniversary of the Let’s both put this remark- of the principles of Dutch Company, which administered Flushing Remonstrance was able piece of paper in context tolerance was freedom of the colony, and to the provision celebrated throughout the fall with and outline its significance. conscience. According to Dutch in Dutch law that dictated a series of special programs and Flushing—the city in Queens— law, you couldn’t be harassed freedom of conscience.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten History of Hudson, Amsterdam and New York 1609
    1609 The forgotten history of Hudson, Amsterdam and New York 1609 The forgotten history of Hudson, Amsterdam and New York Foreword On April 4th 1609 the ship Half Moon under Captain Henry Hudson sailed from Amsterdam harbor to find a shorter route to Asia. In this pamphlet Geert Mak and Russell Shorto report on the events that occurred in 1609 and the consequences of this legendary voyage that would accidentally bring Hudson to New York. Today New York is the city where talent from all parts of the world converges; it’s an economic and cultural power center, diverse and brimming This special commemorative history has been generously underwritten by with energy. In this book we retrace history: what is the legacy of the Dutch Republic in the city We also thank many HH 400 supporters: City of Amsterdam, that was originally called New Amsterdam? New York Stock Exchange Foundation, NYC & Company Foundation, Province of Noord-Holland, DHV Group, Chamber of Commerce Amsterdam, Océ North America Inc., Vesteda Group BV, Feadship, The arrival of Henry Hudson in New York International Flower Bulb Centre, Port of Amsterdam, Horwath de Zeeuw & th has been celebrated before. In 1909 the 300 de Keizer, Holland America Friendship Foundation, Aegon N.V. anniversary was the biggest celebration ever held Concept: Franz Houter, Klaas Pater and Gert Tetteroo in New York. Fifty years later Princess Beatrix Acknowledgements (now Queen) of the Netherlands visited New th Editor: Gerdy van der Stap York in honor of Hudson’s 350 anniversary Translations: Angela Haines, Gerdy van der Stap and was treated to a ticker tape parade along Design: Erik Rikkelman, Janneke Hendriks th Print: HelloGraphics Broadway.
    [Show full text]
  • A New World 1
    1 A New World FOCUS QUESTIONS • What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before Europeans arrived? • How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of contact? • What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic? • What happened when the peoples of the Americas came in contact with Europeans? • What were the chief features of the Spanish empire in America? • What were the chief features of the French and Dutch empires in North America? “The discovery of America,” the British writer Adam Smith announced in his celebrated work The Wealth of Nations (1776), was one of “the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind.” Historians no longer use the word “discovery” to describe the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of a hemisphere already home to millions of people. But there can be no doubt that when Christopher Columbus made landfall in the West Indian islands in 1492, he set in motion some of the most pivotal developments in human history. Immense changes soon followed in both the Old and New Worlds; the consequences of these changes are still with us today. The peoples of the American continents and Europe, previously unaware of each other’s existence, were thrown into continuous interaction. Crops new to each hemisphere crossed the Atlantic, reshaping diets and transform- ing the natural environment. Because of their long isolation, the inhabitants of North and South America had developed no immunity to the germs that 1186091_01_001-044_r1_as.indd86091_01_001-044_r1_as.indd 1 006/08/136/08/13 99:10:10 AAMM 2 Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Stuyvesant's Culture Wars
    Peter Stuyvesant’s Culture Wars Tolera'ng the Sin of Satan in Dutch New York (1647-1644) What is “Dutch” New York? New Netherland: Circa 1650 Area Occupied by Present Day NY Director-General Peter Stuyvesant Governed New Netherland & Curacao 1647-1664 •A Conservave (Calvinist) religious Protestant •A Military “Commander in Chief” in a sensi@ve region •A Poli@cian balancing “Big Business” interests oF the West India Company, with his own principles •Known For policies oF poli@cal and religious intolerance Poli'cal and Religious Tension in the Colony Dutch ReFormed Church vs. a heterogeneous populaon Natural Rights (Burghers) vs. Divine Right (Administraon) Merchant Class (Taxaon & trade duty) vs. Dutch West India Company Emp. Case Study ExaMples for Stuyvesant’s Anger & Intolerance • The War Crime Charges oF Melyn and Kuyter, against Former Director KieT, 1647 • The Pe@@on oF the Nine Men, 1649 • Flushing Remonstrance oF 1653 • Flushing Remonstrance oF 1657 • “Private” Conven@cles: A^empts at Religious Autonomy Stuyvesant’s Furious Opposi@on to Liberty “People may think of appealing during my Cme – should any one do so, I would have him made a foot shorter, pack the pieces off to Holland and let him appeal in that way”. - Peter Stuyvesant, when Melyn and Kuyter, “Cunning” and “Malignant Subjects”, appealed his sentence oF banishment “Anyone offer objecon…He bursts inconCnentally into a rage and makes such a to-do that it is dreadful” - Adriaen Van Der Donck, on Peter Stuyvesant’s conduct in Council He’d rather “Quit his posiCon than to allow
    [Show full text]
  • Commemoration and Context: the Flushing Remonstrance Then And
    Commemoration and Context: The Flushing Remonstrance Then and Now Some thoughts offered by Dennis J. Maika Address Prepared for the Annual Meeting, New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, NY, Thursday, 19 July 2007 Please do not cite or reproduce without permission of the author. This year marks the 350th anniversary of the Flushing Remonstrance. The familiar story that has been told about this event begins in December, 1657, when residents of the English town of Flushing (Vlissingen in Dutch) signed a formal protest or remonstrance against a policy issued by New Netherland’s Director General Petrus Stuyvesant restricting the activities of Quakers. The story then jumps ahead five years to Stuyvesant’s prosecution of Flushing resident John Bowne for his support of Quaker meetings, and ends with his vindication by the Dutch West India Company. These events have typically been interpreted by many as marking the cornerstone of the First Amendment guarantees of religious freedom. Some have even suggested that the Flushing Remonstrance was America’s first Declaration of Independence.1 I had the privilege of attending one of the first, recent commemorations of this event last May at the Flushing Library. The presentation was interesting, very informative, and made a special effort to connect the ideas of religious freedom to Flushing’s current ethnically and religiously diverse population. As I listened, I found myself drawn to the visual representation of the Flushing Remonstrance that was on display. After the presentation, I took a closer look and was struck by what the document 1 actually revealed. I noticed that the signatures were all apparently made by the same person, and it was also clear that the handwriting belonged to someone who wrote seventeenth-century Dutch.
    [Show full text]
  • Materials Needed to Present Instruction in Reading Skills and to Teach Thosefacts, Concepts, and Attitudes Which Are the Aim of Social Studieseducation
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 022 660 RE 001 452 By-Cooper, Minna; And Others DEVELOPMENTAL READING IN SOCIAL STUDIES; EARLY NEW YORK HISTORY: SETTLEMENTTO STATEHOOD. A GUIDE FOR TEACHERS, GRADE 7, REVISED. Sewanhaka Central High School District Number 2, Nassau County, N.Y. Pub Date 64 Note-97p. EDRS Price MF-S0.50 HC-S3.96 Descriptors-COMPREHENSION DEVELOPMENT, *CONTENT READING, CRITICAL THINKING,*CURRICULUM GUIDES, DEVELOPMENTAL READING, DIRECTED READING ACTIVITY, *GRADE 7, *SOCIALSTUDIES, STUDY SKILLS, VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT This guide is designed to provide seventh-grade social studies teacherswith materials needed to present instruction in reading skills and to teach thosefacts, concepts, and attitudes which are the aim of social studieseducation. Entries on the sublect of early New York history are arranged by topic, and materialwithin each topic is arranged according to two texts: "Living in New York" byFlier! and Urell, to be used with modified classes, and 'New York: The Empire State" by Ellis, Frost, andFink, to be used with honors and average classes. The guide presents exercises to promotethe development of comprehension, vocabulary, critical thinking, and study skills. Questions are designed to evaluate the student's masteryof these skills and of content subiect matter. Some questions are designed to cover collateral chapters in the two textsand are so identified. (RT) Early New York History: Settlement to Statehood U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION &WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEP REPRODUCEDEXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING 11. STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENTOFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 0r-e4 0 Sewanhaka CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICTNO.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in America Series Harry S
    A Perfect Babel of Confusion Religion in America Series Harry S. Stout GENERAL EDITOR A Perfect Babel of Confusion: Dutch Religion and English Culture in the Middle Colonies RANDALL BALMER RANDALL BALMER A Perfect Babel of Confusion Dutch Religion and English Culture in the Middle Colonies OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXJORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Copyright © 1989 by Randall Balmer Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2002 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Balmer, Randall Herbert. A perfect babel of confusion: Dutch religion and English Culture in the middle colonies / Randall H. Balmer. p. cm. —(Religion in America series) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-505873-9; ISBN 0-19-515265-4 (Pbk.) 1. Reformed church—New York (State)—History. 2. Reformed Church— New Jersey—History. 3. Dutch Americans—New York (State)—Religion. 4. Dutch Americans—New Jersey—Religion. 5. New York (State)—Religious life and customs. 6. New Jersey—Religious life and customs.
    [Show full text]
  • Voices of Reason-The Flushing Remonstrance
    LEADD LEADERSHIP EDUCATION ADVANCING DEMOCRACY & DIVERSITY A PROJECT OF INTERFAITH ALLIANCE Voices of Reason: The Flushing Remonstrance In 1645, what is today, Flushing, Queens was a part of the Dutch colony of New Netherlands though it was mainly settled by English families. At that time, the first known Quaker in America, Richard Smith was living in nearby Southampton, Long Island. He with other Quakers, visited Boston in 1656, but all were put in jail as soon as they arrived and were sent back to England. But religious persecution in Massachusetts only encouraged more Quakers to feel the call to move to the New World. Quakers settled in Flushing and Oyster Bay and their religious teaching was widely accepted throughout these areas despite the opposition of the colonial government and the Reformed Dutch Church. Peter Stuyvesant, governor of New Netherlands issued an order forbidding anyone in the colony to entertain a Quaker or allow a Quaker meeting to be held in his or her home under the penalty of a fine of fifty pounds. A respected Flushing colonist, Henry Townsend, held a Quaker meeting in his house and was fined and banished. Other Flushing residents responded by drawing up a document arguing the cause of religious freedom. It was written and signed by Edward Hart, the Town Clerk, and Tobias Feake, the Schout (sheriff) and 28 other colonists. This document, known as the Flushing Remonstrance (protest) is perhaps the earliest demand for religious freedom made in what would become the United States: You have been pleased to send unto us a certain prohibition or command that we should not receive or entertain any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed to be, by some, seducers of the people.
    [Show full text]