S.S.R.C.定期 トレンドレポート Vol.27
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Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2019–1 27 March 2019
20 years of Bleichenbacher attacks Gage Boyle Technical Report RHUL–ISG–2019–1 27 March 2019 Information Security Group Royal Holloway University of London Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX United Kingdom Student Number: 100866673 Gage, Boyle 20 Years of Bleichenbacher Attacks Supervisor: Kenny Paterson Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all quotations from published or unpublished work of other people. I also declare that I have read the statements on plagiarism in Section 1 of the Regulations Governing Examination and Assessment Offences, and in accordance with these regulations I submit this project report as my own work. Signature: Date: Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my project supervisor, Kenny Paterson. This project would not have been possible without his continuous encouragement to push the boundaries of my knowledge, and I am grateful for the commitment and expertise that he has provided throughout. Secondly, I would like to thank Nimrod Aviram for his invaluable advice, particularly with respect to algorithm implementation and understanding the finer details of this project. Further thanks should go to Raja Naeem Akram, Oliver Kunz and David Morrison for taking the time to teach me Python and how to run my source code on an Ubuntu server. I am grateful for the time that David Stranack, Thomas Bingham and James Boyle have spent proof reading this project, and for the continuous support from my part- ner, Lisa Moxham. -
TLS Deep Dive
12/9/17 TLS Deep Dive Website Security & More Joe Pranevich December 5, 2017 Today’s Session – Overview of TLS – Connection Establishment – Testing Tools – Recent Security Issues 1 12/9/17 What is SSL/TLS? – Core internet protocols (IP, TCP, HTTP) were designed without default security – SSL was invented in 1995 by Netscape to support encryption of web traffic for ecommerce and other uses. – SSL/TLS sits above TCP. It can be used to encrypt many protocols, but mostly used for HTTP. – Over two decades, SSL has been improved (with vulnerabilities discovered in older versions). The name was changed to TLS in 1999. SSL & TLS Timeline Protocol Released Notes SSLv2 1995 Vulnerable, depreciated in 2011 SSLv3 1996 Vulnerable, depreciated in 2015 TLS 1.0 1999 At risk, no longer permitted by PCI TLS 1.1 2006 TLS 1.2 2008 TLS 1.3 TBD Internet Draft 2 12/9/17 But Wait, There’s More! – TLS supports dozens of different encryption methods, compression methods, hashing functions, and other details. – Clients and servers select from a menu of these options to negotiate the best security (more on that later) – Most of these options have their own security histories, some have been deprecated, etc. Key Concepts – Shared Key Cryptography (Symmertric) – Public/Private Key Cryptography (Asymmetric) – Hashing 3 12/9/17 Connection Establishment – TLS Handshake – Cipher negotiation – Certificate Validation – Device Compatibility TLS Handshake – Part One – Client sends a “hello” message saying that they want TLS. – It includes TLS version, ciphers it supports, and other details – Server sends a “hello” message back. – It selects the most secure matching TLS version and ciphers – Connection will fail if client and server cannot agree on protocols and ciphers 4 12/9/17 Client Devices Have Different Capabilities As Do Servers & Load Balancers 5 12/9/17 We Care About The Intersection Backwards Compatibility Warning! – Web browsers and operating systems get updated frequently; you can usually rely on web users having a recent TLS stack when they connect to you. -
TLS Attacks & DNS Security
IAIK TLS Attacks & DNS Security Information Security 2019 Johannes Feichtner [email protected] IAIK Outline TCP / IP Model ● Browser Issues Application SSLStrip Transport MITM Attack revisited Network Link layer ● PKI Attacks (Ethernet, WLAN, LTE…) Weaknesses HTTP TLS / SSL FLAME FTP DNS Telnet SSH ● Implementation Attacks ... ● Protocol Attacks ● DNS Security IAIK Review: TLS Services All applications running TLS are provided with three essential services Authentication HTTPS FTPS Verify identity of client and server SMTPS ... Data Integrity Detect message tampering and forgery, TLS e.g. malicious Man-in-the-middle TCP IP Encryption Ensure privacy of exchanged communication Note: Technically, not all services are required to be used Can raise risk for security issues! IAIK Review: TLS Handshake RFC 5246 = Establish parameters for cryptographically secure data channel Full handshake Client Server scenario! Optional: ClientHello 1 Only with ServerHello Client TLS! Certificate 2 ServerKeyExchange Certificate CertificateRequest ClientKeyExchange ServerHelloDone CertificateVerify 3 ChangeCipherSpec Finished ChangeCipherSpec 4 Finished Application Data Application Data IAIK Review: Certificates Source: http://goo.gl/4qYsPz ● Certificate Authority (CA) = Third party, trusted by both the subject (owner) of the certificate and the party (site) relying upon the certificate ● Browsers ship with set of > 130 trust stores (root CAs) IAIK Browser Issues Overview Focus: Relationship between TLS and HTTP Problem? ● Attacker wants to access encrypted data ● Browsers also have to deal with legacy websites Enforcing max. security level would „break“ connectivity to many sites Attack Vectors ● SSLStrip ● MITM Attack …and somehow related: Cookie Stealing due to absent „Secure“ flag… IAIK Review: ARP Poisoning How? Attacker a) Join WLAN, ● Sniff data start ARP Poisoning ● Manipulate data b) Create own AP ● Attack HTTPS connections E.g. -
It-Säkerhet - Examensarbete
IT-SÄKERHET - EXAMENSARBETE Största IT-säkerhetshoten mot svenska företag och organisationer idag, samt kontemporära metoder och verktyg för bekämpning av dessa IT-säkerhetshot. DEN 29 MARS 2016 BENJAMIN LUNDSTRÖM Examensarbete i Nät- & kommunikationsteknik, Umeå universitet. Löpnummer EL1609. BENJAMIN LUNDSTRÖM 16-03-29 IT-SÄKERHET - EXAMENSARBETE Sammanfattning Olika former av IT-relaterade hot har förekommit sedan internets födelse. Inledningsvis var de harmlösa humoristiska program som över tiden utvecklades till kriminella verktyg med ekonomiska syften. Elakartad programkod benämns under samlingsnamnet Malware. En angripare besitter idag ett stort antal metoder för otillåten tillgång till system, neka legitima användare tillgång till system eller på ett stort antal sätt bedriva kriminell verksamhet av ekonomisk karaktär. Skydds- och bekämpningsmetoderna innefattar brandväggar, olika analys-, detektions- och preventionssystem (IDS/IPS) och kryptering. Men för att komma tillrätta med IT-hoten fullt ut krävs också säkerhetsutbildning och incidenthantering som sker via incidentplanering, rapporter, dokumentation, backup och informationsklassning. Kontemporära IT-säkerhetshot av betydande art belyses i rapporten. Stuxnet (2009), som angrep Irans kärnvapenforskning. Flamer (2011), ett cybervapen vars syfte är spårlös informationsinhämtning. BlackEnergy (2015) och angreppet mot elförsörjningen i Ukraina. DDoS- attacken mot Svenska medier behandlas liksom Petya (2016) som är nya generationens Ransomeware. Det är vitalt för företag och organisationer att skydda sin viktigaste tillgång, informationen. Både mot cyberkriminella element i rent finansiellt syfte men i tilltagande grad också mot olika cybervapen och möjligtvis också mot cyberterrorism. Abstract A number of IT-related threats have emerged since the birth of internet. In the beginning they were harmless but over time they developed into fearsome criminal tools for economic purposes. -
Ethical Hacking : Methodology and Techniques
Ethical Hacking : Methodology and techniques TEI Heraklion [email protected] November 2017 Prerequisites You should have some knowledge of : 1. Basic network protocols : IP, ICMP, UDP, TCP 2. Network devices : routers, switches, access-points, firewalls, IDS/IPS 3. Basic network security : WiFi security (WPA2), SSL 4. Unsecured protocols VS secured protocols : FTP-SFTP-SCP / HTTP-HTTPS / Telnet- SSH 5. System administration : Basic Linux administration, Windows Active Directory Domains 6. Basic virtualization techniques using Vmware Workstation or Virtualbox Interesting skills if you plan a career in Computer Security : – Programming skills, System administration (Windows, Linux, Vmware, …), Database administration, Networking skills Disclaimer : The methodology, techniques and tools that you will learn must not be used in a production environment… Use these tools only in a protected lab environment 2/34 Hacking phases : RSGMC 1. Reconnaissance 2. Scanning 3. Gain access 4. Maintain access 5. Clear tracks 3/34 1. Reconnaissance Aim : gather info about target Target may be organization, system, employee What kind of info : Employee : linkedin, facebook, … Organization : location, ... Network infrastructure : Network integrator ? Architecture ? IP addresses ? Procedures ? Policies Types of reconnaissance : ACTIVE (= direct contact : social engineering, physical access) PASSIVE (no direct contact, internet queries) Sources of information Internet websites, google hacking, whois database, DNS footprinting, social media job sites -
Comparison of Modern Network Attacks on TLS Protocol
565 Comparison of Modern Network Attacks on TLS Protocol Oleksandr Ivanov, Victor Ruzhentsev Roman Oliynykov Department of Information Technology Security, Department of Information Systems and Technologies Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics Security, Kharkiv, Ukraine V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University [email protected], [email protected] Kharkiv, Ukraine [email protected] Abstract—The Transport Layer Security (TLS) is protocol uses cipher suites, key exchange algorithms and cryptographic protocol that provides confidentiality and certificates to provide privacy, data integrity and integrity of data in untrusted networks connections. The authentication of communicating parties [18, 19, 20]. protocol is composed of two layers: the TLS Record Protocol Originally, TLS was started as the Secure Sockets Layer for encapsulation of various higher-level protocols and the (SSL). Then it was adopted by the Internet Engineering TLS Handshake Protocol for connection security. Nowadays Task Force (IETF) and specified as TLS 1.0 [17]. Many TLS has become the secure standard of choice for Internet modern network protocols (e.g., HTTPS, SMTP, FTP, and mobile applications. There are many attacks on the TLS LDAP) use TLS for securing an application-level traffic protocol that exploit its vulnerabilities: Cipher Block [20]. Chaining (CBC) mode encryption, data compression, using obsolete cypher suites and hash functions. Therefore, it is Since 2011, this protocol is actively being explored. necessary to identify and examine existing threats of TLS. BEAST and CRIME are the first attacks that proposed by The paper explores the TLS protocol versions and main Thai Duong and Juliano Rizzo [21, 22]. These attacks differences between them. -
Supreme Court of the United States
No. 19-783 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States NATHAN VAN BUREN, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES, Respondent. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES CouRT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRcuIT BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE COMPUTER SECURITY RESEARCHERS, ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION, CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY & TECHNOLOGY, BUGCROWD, RAPID7, SCYTHE, AND TENABLE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER ANDREW CROCKER Counsel of Record NAOMI GILENS ELECTRONic FRONTIER FOUNDATION 815 Eddy Street San Francisco, California 94109 (415) 436-9333 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae 296514 A (800) 274-3321 • (800) 359-6859 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................i TABLE OF CITED AUTHORITIES ..............iii INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ..................1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .....................4 ARGUMENT....................................5 I. The Work of the Computer Security Research Community Is Vital to the Public Interest...................................5 A. Computer Security Benefits from the Involvement of Independent Researchers ...........................5 B. Security Researchers Have Made Important Contributions to the Public Interest by Identifying Security Threats in Essential Infrastructure, Voting Systems, Medical Devices, Vehicle Software, and More ...................10 II. The Broad Interpretation of the CFAA Adopted by the Eleventh Circuit Chills Valuable Security Research. ................16 ii Table of Contents Page A. The Eleventh Circuit’s Interpretation of the CFAA Would Extend to Violations of Website Terms of Service and Other Written Restrictions on Computer Use. .................................16 B. Standard Computer Security Research Methods Can Violate Written Access Restrictions...........................18 C. The Broad Interpretation of the CFAA Discourages Researchers from Pursuing and Disclosing Security Flaws ...............................22 D. Voluntary Disclosure Guidelines and Industry-Sponsored Bug Bounty Programs A re Not Sufficient to Mitigate the Chill . -
Aws Guardduty Unusual Protocol
Aws Guardduty Unusual Protocol trappeanandIneducable chronologize and Alexis isohyetal gelidlysometimes Jud while answer petting herpetologic some his hot-press shadoofs? Theodor suspiciously wive and arguing. and imbruted How snod so more! is Yigal Erik when is dead-on Aws filebeat module must use this unusual aws config notifies you visibility Select all the value from the world renowned security weekly crew accompanied by the ideal for an australian pms trying many aws guardduty unusual protocol on the findings. Josh Lefkowitz and Chris Camacho of Flashpoint join us for an interview. Ip address will be challenging because once the aws guardduty unusual protocol on the bucket from this behavior they can produce. Xray is aws guardduty unusual protocol are different than seven years old school paper, we kick it detects removeable media installed? What immediate use several for? Horusec is where open source glare that improves identification of vulnerabilities in your brother with smart one command. Special operations in firebase are important to count, and failed aws environment to be careful about bug bounty is aws guardduty unusual protocol traffic. Secrets after a function to perform automatic predictive prioritization to aws guardduty unusual protocol. Force space and resolved at the aws config managed service interface when aws guardduty unusual protocol depending on drone hardware security and five years have updates the guys in our second lieutenant in. Plus sound board really happening in aws guardduty unusual protocol for anomalies and passwords, and john discuss developer tools for each group where are stores each segment about why securing our approach. She was soundly mocked even in plain english, we have to discover haxorthematrix love stories podcast that bucket involved in aws guardduty unusual protocol depending on this. -
Emazzanti Technologies Issues DROWN Attack Warning
eMazzanti Technologies Issues DROWN Attack Warning NYC area IT security consultant urges organizations to check and update servers to avoid data loss in light of security threat affecting up to 33% of HTTPS servers Hoboken, New Jersey •- (Cision) March 11, 2016 — eMazzanti Technologies, a NYC area IT consultant and MSP, issued a security warning today regarding a threat to encrypted server traffic which is usually considered to be secure. Any data exchanged with vulnerable servers is at risk. The vulnerability, called DROWN, was discovered by an international team of researchers and made public by the Department of Homeland Security, US-CERT or United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team on March 1, 2016. According to the US-Cert notice, DROWN is a potential threat in up to 33% of all HTTPS servers. eMazzanti is urging organizations to check their servers for the vulnerability to prevent hackers from stealing sensitive data. Any data transmitted to or from a vulnerable server can be compromised, including passwords, credit card data, and other sensitive information. “With DROWN out in the open, hackers are sure to exploit it,” stated Almi Dumi, Project Lead, eMazzanti Technologies. “We urge our customers and others to take the necessary steps to prevent hackers from stealing their sensitive data. Every HTTPS server should be checked.” Here is the full text of the warning: DROWN Attack Warning “eMazzanti Technologies wants to bring to your attention a very serious threat, a server vulnerability called DROWN, that puts up to one third of all HTTPS servers at risk. DROWN stands for Decrypting RSA with Obsolete and Weakened eNcryption. -
Applied Crypto Hardening
Applied Crypto HarDENING WOLFGANG BrEyha, David Durvaux, TOBIAS Dussa, L. AarON Kaplan, Florian Mendel, Christian Mock, Manuel Koschuch, Adi Kriegisch, Ulrich Pöschl, Ramin Sabet, BerG San, Ralf Schlatterbeck, Thomas Schreck, AleXANDER Würstlein, AarON Zauner, Pepi Zawodsky (University OF Vienna, CERT.be, KIT-CERT, CERT.at, A-SIT/IAIK, CORetec.at, FH Campus Wien, VRVis, MilCERT Austria, A-Trust, Runtux.com, Friedrich-AleXANDER University Erlangen-NurEMBERg, azet.org, maclemon.at) NoVEMBER 10, 2016 Do NOT TALK UNENCRYPTED Applied Crypto HarDENING PAGE 2 OF 111 AcknoWLEDGEMENTS WE WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS OUR THANKS TO THE FOLLOWING REVIEWERS AND PEOPLE WHO HAVE GENEROUSLY OffERED THEIR TIME AND INTEREST (in ALPHABETICAL ORder): BrOwn, Scott Pacher, Christoph Brulebois, Cyril Palfrader, Peter Dirksen-Thedens, Mathis Pape, TOBIAS (layout) DulaunoY, AleXANDRE Petukhova, Anna (Logo) Gühring Philipp Pichler, Patrick Grigg, IAN Riebesel, Nicolas Haslinger, Gunnar Roeckx, Kurt Huebl, AxEL Roesen, Jens Kovacic, Daniel Rublik, Martin Lenzhofer, Stefan Schüpany, Mathias Lorünser, Thomas Schwarz, René («DigNative») Maass, Max Seidl, Eva (PDF layout) Mehlmauer, Christian VAN Horenbeeck, Maarten Millauer, TOBIAS Wagner, Sebastian («sebix») Mirbach, AndrEAS Zangerl, AleXANDER O’Brien, Hugh The REVIEWERS DID REVIEW PARTS OF THE DOCUMENT IN THEIR AREA OF Expertise; ALL REMAINING ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PRIMARY authors. Applied Crypto HarDENING PAGE 3 OF 111 AbstrACT “Unfortunately, THE COMPUTER SECURITY AND CRYPTOLOGY COMMUNITIES HAVE DRIFTED APART OVER THE LAST 25 years. Security PEOPLE DON’T ALWAYS UNDERSTAND THE AVAILABLE CRYPTO tools, AND CRYPTO PEOPLE DON’T ALWAYS UNDERSTAND THE Real-world PRoblems.” — Ross Anderson IN [And08] This GUIDE AROSE OUT OF THE NEED FOR SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS TO HAVE AN updated, solid, WELL Re- SEARCHED AND thought-thrOUGH GUIDE FOR CONfiGURING SSL, PGP, SSH AND OTHER CRYPTOGRAPHIC TOOLS IN THE post-SnoWDEN age. -
Pdf Compiledsquare-Manual0109-Proof
GNU Essentials GNU Linux Manual of Style for Technical Content Creators 2020 Copyright (c) GNU Essentials ISBN: 978-1-71683-468-4 Manufactured in the United States of America You may distribute the GNU Linux Manual of Style and/or modify the GNU Linux Manual of Style under the following terms: Code GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later Content Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), version 4.0 or later (Other content used in the book was this license, so this became the preferred license) Trademarks: Respecting the choice to trademark by others, we do not have trademark rules for GNU Essentials, FAQ Linux, R00T magazine or A-Z Technical Writing. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. Foreword About the Author Overview Dedication Revision History 1. Documentation Development Life Cycle 1.0 Basics of Technical Authoring...........................................................................................................11 1.1 Documentation Development Life Cycle............................................................................................11 1.2 Example: Get Started Guide..............................................................................................................29 Chapter 2. GNU Linux Style Guidelines 2.0 Headings...........................................................................................................................................35 2.1 Images............................................................................................................................................. -
St Luke's- 192.168.9.0 Vulnerability Scanner
St Luke's- 192.168.9.0 Vulnerability scanner Report generated by Nessus™ Thu, 05 Dec 2019 13:15:24 GMT Standard Time TABLE OF CONTENTS Hosts Executive Summary • 192.168.9.20.........................................................................................................................................................7 • 192.168.9.23.........................................................................................................................................................8 • 192.168.9.52.........................................................................................................................................................9 • 192.168.9.53.......................................................................................................................................................10 • 192.168.9.56.......................................................................................................................................................11 • 192.168.9.59.......................................................................................................................................................12 • 192.168.9.60.......................................................................................................................................................13 • 192.168.9.61.......................................................................................................................................................14 • 192.168.9.62.......................................................................................................................................................15