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Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 3, Part 3

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Naval Documents of the American Revolution, Volume 3, Part 3 Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 3 AMERICAN THEATRE: Dec. 8, 1775–Dec. 31, 1775 EUROPEAN THEATRE: Nov. 1, 1775–Jan. 31, 1776 AMERICAN THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1776–Feb. 18, 1776 Part 3 of 8 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1968 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2012 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. EUROPEAN THEATRE From November I, 1775, to January 31, 7776 EUROPEAN THEATRE From November 1, 1775, to January 31, 1776 SUMMARY Thwarted in its efforts to obtain 20,000 men from the Empress of Russia, the British Ministry had turned, in the summer of 1775, to the numerous petty princes within the German empire for troops to assist in subduing the American rebels. The need was great. England's standing army numbered less than 19,000 men, and recruiting efforts had been unsuccessful. Three of these Ger- man princelings had made overtures to King George shortly after the news of Bunker Hill had reached Europe. All of them were related to the British monarch either by blood or marriage, and all were avaricious, mercenary and poor. In late August, a minister plenipotentiary in the person of an English army officer who had seen service in Germany during the last war, was sent to negotiate with them. Meanwhile, acting in his dual capacity as King of England and Elector of Hanover, George I11 had ordered five battalions of Hanoverians to relieve the British garrisons in Minorca and Gibraltar, thus releasing more British troops to serve in America. These Hanoverian battalions, through lack of shipping, did not sail for the Mediterranean until October. The King had addressed Parliament that same month and had voiced the government's policy toward America with the announcement that "it has now become the part of wisdom, and, in its effects, of clemency, to put a speedy end to these disorders by the most decisive exertions." He proposed, as his instance of clemency, sending commissioners to treat with any province that might be disposed to return to its allegiance. In almost the same breath, he remarked about the "friendly offers of foreign assistance" he had received; a reference to the hirelings being negotiated for in Germany. His first "decisive exertions" were to order more ships to reinforce the fleet in American waters, and more ships to be put into commission, which, in the "run down" state of the British navy was a task of no mean magnitude. Of all this the French Court was well aware through the reports of the volatile author of "Figaro." Caron de Beaumarchais, after presenting his memorial to the Count de Vergennes and Louis XVI in September, had returned to London 6 c well informed of the King's intentions and your own," as he advised the Foreign Minister. What said intentions were the playwright-diplomat left to the inter- pretation his superiors might place upon them. He had been supplied with secret service money and a strong injunction given him not to compromise any one in authority in France by his activities. His duty was to observe and note down all British attitudes and activities. By the end d October he had his dossier fairly well filled, preparatory to a return to Paris. 333 334 EUROPEAN THEATRE Elsewhere on the European continent, little of moment was underway. Catherine of Russia, seeking to mollify George I11 for her earlier refusal to supply trow, expressed a desire to continue in his good will, and hoped the American War might be ended through peaceful negotiations. Spain, still reeling from the shock of defeat at the hands of the Barbary powers, was slow to indicate any in- terest in the war. She knew her own weakness and did not wish to imperil any of her far-flung colonies in the Western Hemisphere by espousing the American cause. 1 Nov. 1775 1775. 1st Novemr Sir Peter Parker ordered to hoist a broad Pendant to be em- ployed in North America under the Command of Rear Admiral Shuldham : Including the Ships ordered to Sail with Sir Peter Parker the force under the command of Rear Adml Shuldham would then be Vizt Rate ships Men 3 - 2 - 1,020 4 - 6 - 2,100 5 - 4 - 1,000 6 - 15 - 2,720 Ships Men Sloops - - 15 1,740 56 9, 095. Bombs - 2 - 140 Schoonefs - 8 - 240 Arm'd Vessels - 2 - 95 Storeships - 1 - 40 Am'd Transport - 1 - - The farther number of Ships now in Commission & in- tended to join him are Vizt Rate Ships Men 4 - 1 - 5 - 8 - ,, ::: \ Ships14 Men3, 130 6 - 4 - 820 Hosplship NB. The Ships to serve in North America being completed to the;- highest Compliments, the number of Men in the two last States are calculated accordingly. There are besides the undermentioned Ships order'd to be got ready & will proceed to join him as soon as they are completed Rate Ship Men 5 - 6 - 1,320 Ships Men 6 - 2 - 340 9 1, 785. Sloop - 1 - 125 NOVEMBER 1775 335 From the aforegoing Facts it appears the several Orders give to Vice Adml Graves were for the carrying into execution the Laws which had pass'd and they are governed in point of time accordingly. That the object to be attended to at the beginning of the Year 1775, was the execution of the Boston Port and other Bills passed at that time: and that he had under his Command 24 Ships of different Classes bearing 3,545 Men. That when the Laws passed to restrain the Trade of the Colonies & additional Force became necessary, the same was Ordered to be augmented to 36 Ships, bearing 4,565 Men. That as soon as it was thought expedient to seize the Ships of the four New England Governments measures were taken for a further Augmentation of the Squadron - thereby making it to con- sist of 52 Ships & 7,265 Men. That when the Orders to seize Ships were made general to all the Colonies, for the more effectual performance of that Service, and such as may arise in consequence of the other operations to be carried on in America, the Force including the Ships already there, those on their passage & those that may Sail in a short time, will be 79 Ships and 14,010 Men. There are preparing & will be put into Commission as fast as they can be got ready, in addition to the force aforementioned 17 Ships, whose Compliments will amount to 2,470 Men, so that when these Ships shall be arrived, the whole of the Squadron will then amount to 96 Sail and 16,480 Men. [Endorsed] Admiralty Office Decr 1775 Abstract of the most material proceed- ings in this Department relative to North America since the Meeting of the last Sessions of Parliament. 1. Gemain Papers, CL. DEBATEIN THE HOUSEOF COMMONSON THE NAVYESTIMATES [Extract] [November 1, 17751 The House resolved itself into a Committee of Supply. Mr. [John] Buller moved, that 28,000 seamen, including 6,665 marines, be voted for the service of the year 1776, at the rate of 4 1. per month. He spoke of the stations of the fleet; particularly that the one under admiral Shuldham, who was to command in North America, was to consist of 78 sail. Admiral [Augustus] Keppel opposed the motion, as inadequate to a war, and too large for a peace establishment. He said that no vessels could keep the sea upon the coast of North America in the winter season; arraigned the proceedings of the first lord of the Admiralty in his conduct of the navy, which he represented to have been in a much better situation before the present noble lord came to the head of that department, then since.' Captain [James] Luttrell. When the Address, which, we are told, pledged us to nothing, passed this House, I did suppose ministry would think it politic to 336 EUROPEAN THEATRE vote navy, army, militia, supplies, and every grant they may want, without giving time for reflection,'information,or enquiry; and therefore I am not surprized at the precipitate manner in which the hon. member has brought before us a ques- tion of such great national import; but as I suspected it, I was eager to learn from the noble lord opposite to me, when he mentioned the number of land forces pro- posed to be employed for the present year, what the naval establishment was to consist of? His lordship carefully avoided being thus communicative, though he assured us in too general terms, that the most proper oeconomy had been, and would be, observed with respect to the navy. Is it by the loss to the public of the artificers' labour, while they are doing homage to this mighty lord? Is it in sending a royal yacht with his son to Lisbon, which will cost the public 1000 1. when he might have gone in a packet for 50 1. Is it in the wise regulations he has made in the navy, which we hear of in the newspapers, and by his dependants, but no where else? Or is it in that careful inspection into the state of the fleet so to prevent abuses, that the best men of war may be sold for 1,000 1. while the worst appear to have cost 40,000 1. in repair? And, Sir, as it is the custom to call up the attention of the country gentlemen upon every alarming subject, I will crave that indulgence for a minute to mark one in- stance out of very many where this oeconomy is not to be found.
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