Spring 2019 Fine Letters
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2006 Annual Report
Contents Clay Mathematics Institute 2006 James A. Carlson Letter from the President 2 Recognizing Achievement Fields Medal Winner Terence Tao 3 Persi Diaconis Mathematics & Magic Tricks 4 Annual Meeting Clay Lectures at Cambridge University 6 Researchers, Workshops & Conferences Summary of 2006 Research Activities 8 Profile Interview with Research Fellow Ben Green 10 Davar Khoshnevisan Normal Numbers are Normal 15 Feature Article CMI—Göttingen Library Project: 16 Eugene Chislenko The Felix Klein Protocols Digitized The Klein Protokolle 18 Summer School Arithmetic Geometry at the Mathematisches Institut, Göttingen, Germany 22 Program Overview The Ross Program at Ohio State University 24 PROMYS at Boston University Institute News Awards & Honors 26 Deadlines Nominations, Proposals and Applications 32 Publications Selected Articles by Research Fellows 33 Books & Videos Activities 2007 Institute Calendar 36 2006 Another major change this year concerns the editorial board for the Clay Mathematics Institute Monograph Series, published jointly with the American Mathematical Society. Simon Donaldson and Andrew Wiles will serve as editors-in-chief, while I will serve as managing editor. Associate editors are Brian Conrad, Ingrid Daubechies, Charles Fefferman, János Kollár, Andrei Okounkov, David Morrison, Cliff Taubes, Peter Ozsváth, and Karen Smith. The Monograph Series publishes Letter from the president selected expositions of recent developments, both in emerging areas and in older subjects transformed by new insights or unifying ideas. The next volume in the series will be Ricci Flow and the Poincaré Conjecture, by John Morgan and Gang Tian. Their book will appear in the summer of 2007. In related publishing news, the Institute has had the complete record of the Göttingen seminars of Felix Klein, 1872–1912, digitized and made available on James Carlson. -
Karen Uhlenbeck Awarded the 2019 Abel Prize
RESEARCH NEWS Karen Uhlenbeck While she was in Urbana-Champagne (Uni- versity of Illinois), Karen Uhlenbeck worked Awarded the 2019 Abel with a postdoctoral fellow, Jonathan Sacks, Prize∗ on singularities of harmonic maps on 2D sur- faces. This was the beginning of a long journey in geometric analysis. In gauge the- Rukmini Dey ory, Uhlenbeck, in her remarkable ‘removable singularity theorem’, proved the existence of smooth local solutions to Yang–Mills equa- tions. The Fields medallist Simon Donaldson was very much influenced by her work. Sem- inal results of Donaldson and Uhlenbeck–Yau (amongst others) helped in establishing gauge theory on a firm mathematical footing. Uhlen- beck’s work with Terng on integrable systems is also very influential in the field. Karen Uhlenbeck is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she holds Sid W. Richardson Foundation Chair (since 1988). She is cur- Karen Uhlenbeck (Source: Wikimedia) rently a visiting associate at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and a visiting se- nior research scholar at Princeton University. The 2019 Abel prize for lifetime achievements She has enthused many young women to take in mathematics was awarded for the first time up mathematics and runs a mentorship pro- to a woman mathematician, Professor Karen gram for women in mathematics at Princeton. Uhlenbeck. She is famous for her work in ge- Karen loves gardening and nature hikes. Hav- ometry, analysis and gauge theory. She has ing known her personally, I found she is one of proved very important (and hard) theorems in the most kind-hearted mathematicians I have analysis and applied them to geometry and ever known. -
Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams
Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Alba Carballo González for support and encouragement. 1 Table of Contents Sofia Kovalevskaya ................................................................................................................................. 4 Emmy Noether ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Mary Cartwright ................................................................................................................................... 26 Julia Robinson ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Olga Ladyzhenskaya ............................................................................................................................. 46 Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat ....................................................................................................................... 56 Olga Oleinik .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Charlotte Fischer .................................................................................................................................. 77 Karen Uhlenbeck .................................................................................................................................. 87 Krystyna Kuperberg ............................................................................................................................. -
Copyright by Magdalena Czubak 2008 the Dissertation Committee for Magdalena Czubak Certifies That This Is the Approved Version of the Following Dissertation
Copyright by Magdalena Czubak 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Magdalena Czubak certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Well-posedness for the space-time Monopole Equation and Ward Wave Map. Committee: Karen Uhlenbeck, Supervisor William Beckner Daniel Knopf Andrea Nahmod Mikhail M. Vishik Well-posedness for the space-time Monopole Equation and Ward Wave Map. by Magdalena Czubak, B.S. DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN May 2008 Dla mojej Mamy. Well-posedness for the space-time Monopole Equation and Ward Wave Map. Publication No. Magdalena Czubak, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin, 2008 Supervisor: Karen Uhlenbeck We study local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for two geometric wave equations that can be derived from Anti-Self-Dual Yang Mills equations on R2+2. These are the space-time Monopole Equation and the Ward Wave Map. The equations can be formulated in different ways. For the formulations we use, we establish local well-posedness results, which are sharp using the iteration methods. v Table of Contents Abstract v Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Space-time Monopole and Ward Wave Map equations . 1 1.2 Chapter Summaries . 7 Chapter 2. Preliminaries 9 2.1 Notation . 9 2.2 Function Spaces & Inversion of the Wave Operator . 10 2.3 Estimates Used . 12 2.4 Classical Results . 16 2.5 Null Forms . 18 2.5.1 Symbols . -
Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck
2019 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Abel Prize for 2019 to Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck University of Texas at Austin “for her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics.” Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck is a founder of modern by earlier work of Morse, guarantees existence of Geometric Analysis. Her perspective has permeated minimisers of geometric functionals and is successful the field and led to some of the most dramatic in the case of 1-dimensional domains, such as advances in mathematics in the last 40 years. closed geodesics. Geometric analysis is a field of mathematics where Uhlenbeck realised that the condition of Palais— techniques of analysis and differential equations are Smale fails in the case of surfaces due to topological interwoven with the study of geometrical and reasons. The papers of Uhlenbeck, co-authored with topological problems. Specifically, one studies Sacks, on the energy functional for maps of surfaces objects such as curves, surfaces, connections and into a Riemannian manifold, have been extremely fields which are critical points of functionals influential and describe in detail what happens when representing geometric quantities such as energy the Palais-Smale condition is violated. A minimising and volume. For example, minimal surfaces are sequence of mappings converges outside a finite set critical points of the area and harmonic maps are of singular points and by using rescaling arguments, critical points of the Dirichlet energy. Uhlenbeck’s they describe the behaviour near the singularities major contributions include foundational results on as bubbles or instantons, which are the standard minimal surfaces and harmonic maps, Yang-Mills solutions of the minimising map from the 2-sphere to theory, and integrable systems. -
Surveys in Differential Geometry
Surveys in Differential Geometry Vol. 1: Lectures given in 1990 edited by S.-T. Yau and H. Blaine Lawson Vol. 2: Lectures given in 1993 edited by C.C. Hsiung and S.-T. Yau Vol. 3: Lectures given in 1996 edited by C.C. Hsiung and S.-T. Yau Vol. 4: Integrable systems edited by Chuu Lian Terng and Karen Uhlenbeck Vol. 5: Differential geometry inspired by string theory edited by S.-T. Yau Vol. 6: Essays on Einstein manifolds edited by Claude LeBrun and McKenzie Wang Vol. 7: Papers dedicated to Atiyah, Bott, Hirzebruch, and Singer edited by S.-T. Yau Vol. 8: Papers in honor of Calabi, Lawson, Siu, and Uhlenbeck edited by S.-T. Yau Vol. 9: Eigenvalues of Laplacians and other geometric operators edited by A. Grigor’yan and S-T. Yau Vol. 10: Essays in geometry in memory of S.-S. Chern edited by S.-T. Yau Vol. 11: Metric and comparison geometry edited by Jeffrey Cheeger and Karsten Grove Vol. 12: Geometric flows edited by Huai-Dong Cao and S.-T. Yau Vol. 13: Geometry, analysis, and algebraic geometry edited by Huai-Dong Cao and S.-T.Yau Vol. 14: Geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces edited by Lizhen Ji, Scott A. Wolpert, and S.-T. Yau Vol. 15: Perspectives in mathematics and physics: Essays dedicated to Isadore Singer edited by Tomasz Mrowka and S.-T. Yau Vol. 16: Geometry of special holonomy and related topics edited by Naichung Conan Leung and S.-T. Yau Vol. 17: In Memory of C. C. -
Count Down: Six Kids Vie for Glory at the World's Toughest Math
Count Down Six Kids Vie for Glory | at the World's TOUGHEST MATH COMPETITION STEVE OLSON author of MAPPING HUMAN HISTORY, National Book Award finalist $Z4- 00 ACH SUMMER SIX MATH WHIZZES selected from nearly a half million EAmerican teens compete against the world's best problem solvers at the Interna• tional Mathematical Olympiad. Steve Olson, whose Mapping Human History was a Na• tional Book Award finalist, follows the members of a U.S. team from their intense tryouts to the Olympiad's nail-biting final rounds to discover not only what drives these extraordinary kids but what makes them both unique and typical. In the process he provides fascinating insights into the creative process, human intelligence and learning, and the nature of genius. Brilliant, but defying all the math-nerd stereotypes, these athletes of the mind want to excel at whatever piques their cu• riosity, and they are curious about almost everything — music, games, politics, sports, literature. One team member is ardent about water polo and creative writing. An• other plays four musical instruments. For fun and entertainment during breaks, the Olympians invent games of mind-boggling difficulty. Though driven by the glory of winning this ultimate math contest, in many ways these kids are not so different from other teenagers, finding pure joy in indulging their personal passions. Beyond the Olympiad, Steve Olson sheds light on such questions as why Americans feel so queasy about math, why so few girls compete in the subject, and whether or not talent is innate. Inside the cavernous gym where the competition takes place, Count Down reveals a fascinating subculture and its engaging, driven inhabitants. -
President's Report
Volume 38, Number 4 NEWSLETTER July–August 2008 President’s Report Dear Colleagues: I am delighted to announce that our new executive director is Maeve Lewis McCarthy. I am very excited about what AWM will be able to accomplish now that she is in place. (For more about Maeve, see the press release on page 7.) Welcome, Maeve! Thanks are due to the search committee for its thought and energy. These were definitely required because we had some fabulous candidates. Thanks also to Murray State University, Professor McCarthy’s home institution, for its coopera- tion as we worked out the details of her employment with AWM. The AWM Executive Committee has voted to give honorary lifetime mem- IN THIS ISSUE berships to our founding presidents, Mary Gray and Alice T. Schafer. In my role as president, I am continually discovering just how extraordinary AWM is 7 McCarthy Named as an organization. Looking back at its early history, I find it hard to imagine AWM Executive Director how AWM could have come into existence without the vision, work, and persist- ence of these two women. 10 AWM Essay Contest Among newly elected members of the National Academy of Sciences in the physical and mathematical sciences are: 12 AWM Teacher Partnerships 16 MIT woMen In maTH Emily Ann Carter Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and the Program in 19 Girls’ Angle Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University Lisa Randal Professor of theoretical physics, Department of Physics, Harvard University Elizabeth Thompson Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle A W M The American Academy of Arts and Sciences has also announced its new members. -
Laudatio for Michael Aizenman NAW 5/4 Nr
Aernout van Enter, Frank den Hollander Laudatio for Michael Aizenman NAW 5/4 nr. 2 juni 2003 107 Aernout van Enter Frank den Hollander Instituut voor theoretische natuurkunde Eurandom Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven [email protected] [email protected] Laudatio Laudatio for Michael Aizenman Eens per drie jaar reikt het Wiskundig Ge- Michael is the author of seventy-five research or ‘down’) or as particles (‘occupied’ or ‘emp- nootschap in opdracht van de Koninklijke Ne- papers in journals of mathematics, physics ty’). Their finite-volume conditional distribu- derlandse Academie van Wetenschappen de and mathematical physics. He has collaborat- tions (i.e., the probabilities of events inside a Brouwermedaille uit aan een internationaal ed with many co-authors on a broad range of finite volume given the state outside) are pre- toonaangevend onderzoeker. Hij wordt uit- topics. Much of his work is inspired by proba- scribed by a nearest-neighbor interaction that genodigd om een voordracht te geven op het bility theory and statistical physics, both clas- tends to ‘align spins’ or ‘glue together parti- Nederlands Mathematisch Congres, waar na sical and quantum. In his papers he typically cles’ and that contains the temperature as a afloop de laureaat de Brouwermedaille wordt ‘rides several horses at the same time’, in the parameter. At low temperature and in two uitgereikt. In 2002 werd de medaille toege- sense that cross-fertilization between differ- or more dimensions, there exists more than kend aan Michael Aizenman voor zijn bijdra- ent areas in physics and mathematics is at one infinite-volume probability measure hav- ge aan de mathematische fysica. -
A Life in Statistical Mechanics Part 1: from Chedar in Taceva to Yeshiva University in New York
Eur. Phys. J. H 42, 1–21 (2017) DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2017-80006-9 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Oral history interview A life in statistical mechanics Part 1: From Chedar in Taceva to Yeshiva University in New York Joel L. Lebowitz1,a and Luisa Bonolis2,b 1 Departments of Mathematics and Physics, Rutgers, The State University, 110 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA 2 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstrasse 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany Received 10 February 2017 / Accepted 10 February 2017 Published online 4 April 2017 c The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract. This is the first part of an oral history interview on the life- long involvement of Joel Lebowitz in the development of statistical mechanics. Here the covered topics include the formative years, which overlapped the tragic period of Nazi power and World War II in Eu- rope, the emigration to the United States in 1946 and the schooling there. It also includes the beginnings and early scientific works with Peter Bergmann, Oliver Penrose and many others. The second part will appear in a forthcoming issue of Eur. Phys. J. H. 1 From war ravaged Europe to New York L. B. Let’s start from the very beginning. Where were you born? J. L. I was born in Taceva, a small town in the Carpathian mountains, in an area which was at that time part of Czechoslovakia, on the border of Romania and about a hundred kilometers from Poland. That was in 1930, and the town then had a population of about ten thousand people, a small town, but fairly advanced. -
09W5055 Statistical Mechanics on Random Structures
09w5055 Statistical Mechanics on Random Structures Anton Bovier (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat¨ Bonn), Pierluigi Contucci (University of Bologna), Frank den Hollander (University of Leiden and EURANDOM), Cristian Giardina` (TU Eindhoven and EURANDOM). 15 November - 20 November 2009 1 Overview of the Field The theme of the workshop has been equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in a random spatial setting. Put differently, the question was what happens when the world of interacting particle systems is put together with the world of disordered media. This area of research is lively and thriving, with a constant flow of new ideas and exciting developments, in the best of the tradition of mathematical physics. Spin glasses were at the core of the program, but in a broad sense. Spin glass theory has found ap- plications in a wide range of areas, including information theory, coding theory, algorithmics, complexity, random networks, population genetics, epidemiology and finance. This opens up many new challenges to mathematics. 2 Recent Developments and Open Problems The workshop brought together researchers whose interest lies at the intersection of disordered statistical mechanics and random graph theory, with a clear emphasis on applications. The multidisciplinary nature of the proposed topics has attracted research groups with different backgrounds and thus provided exchange of ideas with cross-fertilisation. As an example, we mention two problems on which we focused during the workshop. The first problem has its origin in the many fundamental issues that are still open in the theory of spin glasses. Even tough today we have a rigorous proof, in the context of mean-field models, of the solution for the free energy first proposed by G. -
A Mathematical Physicist's Perspective on Statistical Mechanics
A mathematical physicist’s perspective on Statistical Mechanics Michael Aizenman Princeton University André Aisenstadt Lecture (I) CRM, Montreal Sept. 24, 2018 1 /14 Statistical mechanics explains and quantifies the process by which structure emerges from chaos. Its genesis is in Boltzmann’s explanation of thermodynamical behavior and in particular of the concept of entropy. The statistic mechanical perspective was instrumental for Planck’s theory of the light quantization and Einstein’s calculation of the Avogadro number. More recent developments include links between the physics of critical phenomena and the mathematics of conformally invariant random structures, stochastic integrability, and representation theory. The talk will focus on examples of observations and conjectures which turned out to point in fruitful directions. 2 /14 Statistical Mechanics: laws emerging from chaos Laws expressed in equations F = ma, E = mc2, PV = nRT . A bird of a seemingly different feather: ∆S ≥ 0 . Q: what is entropy? L. Boltzmann: Thermodynamics emerges from Statistical Mechanics! Stat-Mech starts with a quantification of chaos: S = kB log W StatMech perspective was embraced and used for further developments by: M. Planck ) quantum theory of light (surmised from the black body radiation) A. Einstein ) Avogadro number from Brownian motion (exp. Perrin) −itH R. Feynman ) path representation of quantum dynamics: Ψt = e Ψ0 J. Wheeler: “There is no law except the law that there is no law.” Paraphrased: all physics laws are emergent features. 3 /14 Statistical Mechanics: laws emerging from chaos Laws expressed in equations F = ma, E = mc2, PV = nRT . A bird of a seemingly different feather: ∆S ≥ 0 . Q: what is entropy? L.