Pomadasys Maculatus) Commercialisé Par SOPROMER Dans La Ville D’Antananarivo

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Pomadasys Maculatus) Commercialisé Par SOPROMER Dans La Ville D’Antananarivo UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE SUPERIEURE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES Département Elevage Mémoire de fin d’étude pour l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome Option : Elevage Etude des caractères morphométriques du drodro (Pomadasys maculatus) commercialisé par SOPROMER dans la ville d’Antananarivo Soutenu le : Jeudi 12 juin 2014 Par : RAKOTOARIVONONA Maminiaina Membres du jury Président du jury : Docteur RABEARIMISA Rivo Nirina Tuteur : Docteur RAFOMANANA Georges Examinateurs : Professeur Jean de Neupomuscène Docteur HANTANIRINA Herisoa Isabelle Docteur RANDRIAMIARISOA Promotion HINA 2009-2014 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS GLOSSAIRE LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS LISTE DES FIGURES LISTE DES PHOTOS LISTE DES TABLEAUX LISTE DES ANNEXES INTRODUCTION A. ETUDES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 1. Présentation de l’espèce 2. Biologie 3. Commercialisation B. MATERIELS ET METHODES 1. Matériels 2. Méthodes C. RESULTATS 1. Caractéristiques générales de P maculatus 2. Typologie de la population 3. Indice biométrique 4. Relation d’allométrie de P maculatus 5. Facteur de condition D. DISCUSSIONS 1. Caractéristiques générales de P maculatus 2. Typologie de la population 3. Indice biométrique 4. Relation allométrique entre la taille et le poids 5. Facteur de condition CONCLUSION REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ANNEXES a REMERCIEMENTS Avant toute chose, je tiens à rendre gloire, grâce et à remercier LE SEIGNEUR tout puissant sans qui nous ne serions pas là aujourd’hui et sans qui ce travail n’aurait pu être accompli. Je Lui adresse mes sincères remerciements. L’accomplissement de ce travail n’a aussi pu être fait sans l’aide d’un bon nombre de personnes à qui j’adresse mes sincères remerciements, en particulier : Les membres du jury : Monsieur RABEARIMISA Rivo Nirina, Maître de Conférences, Phd en alimentation animale, Chef du département Elevage à l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques (ESSA), de nous avoir fait honneur de présider le jury dans le cadre de la présentation de ce mémoire de fin d’études même avec ses innombrables attributions ; Monsieur RAFOMANANA Georges, Directeur de Recherche Associé en Halieutiques, mention : Economie rurale aquacole, Enseignant-Chercheur, tuteur du présent mémoire, pour ses précieux conseils, qui n’a pas ménagé ses efforts afin d’aboutir à la réalisation de ce mémoire ; Monsieur RAKOTOZANDRINY Jean de Neupomuscène, Professeur titulaire à l’Université d’Antananarivo, Directeur scientifique de la formation doctorale de l’ESSA, Enseignant-Chercheur et Examinateur, pour son encouragement, ses conseils et d’avoir bien voulu faire part de ses remarques et corrections dans ce travail ; Madame HANTANIRINA Herisoa Isabelle, Docteur ingénieur à l’ESSA, Maître de Conférences, Enseignant-Chercheur au Département Elevage et Examinateur, pour ses innombrables conseils dans la réalisation des études statistiques, son appui tout au long de la réalisation de ce mémoire ; Monsieur RANDRIAMIARISOA, Docteur en Science Agronomique, Enseignant au Département Elevage, pour ses conseils et d’avoir bien voulu faire part de ses remarques et corrections dans ce travail ; A tout le personnel de SOPROMER pour leur aide, leur collaboration et disponibilité ; A tout le personnel du Département Elevage ainsi que tous les enseignants de l’ESSA pour l’excellente formation qu’ils nous ont fourni durant les 5 années d’études ; b Les personnes qui me sont chères : mes parents qui m’on toujours soutenu et n’ont pas aménagé leurs efforts afin que je puisse être présent aujourd’hui ; A toute ma famille, qui a contribué largement à mon éducation ; A la promotion HINA qui a collaboré durant les 5 années d’études et a apporté un grand soutien ; Enfin, un grand remerciement pour toutes les personnes qui ont contribuées de près ou de loin à la réalisation de ce travail. Trouvez ici l’expression de ma profonde reconnaissance. Que Dieu vous bénisse tous ! c GLOSSAIRE Actinoptérygiens : poissons osseux munis d’opercules branchiaux et nageoires rayonnées. Allométrie : échelle de relation entre une partie du corps et le corps dans son ensemble. Amphidrome : poisson qui migre des eaux fluviales vers la mer ou inversement ou qualifie un animal dont la reproduction s'effectue dans l'eau douce et qui rejoint l'estuaire ou la mer à l'état de larve pour y subir différentes métamorphoses avant de revenir dans l'eau douce à l'état juvénile et d'y poursuivre sa vie d'adulte. By catch : flores ou faunes non ciblées dans la pêche. Biométrie : étude statistique des dimensions et de la croissance des êtres vivants. Diamètre de l’œil : diamètre horizontal de l’œil. Dimorphisme sexuel : différence de morphologie entre le mâle et la femelle. Eau saumâtre :eau dont la teneur en sels est sensiblement inférieure à celle de l'eau de mer. Estuaire : portion de l'embouchure d'un fleuve où l'effet de la mer ou de l'océan dans lequel il se jette est perceptible. Epaisseur pectoral : distance horizontale entre les nageoires pectorales. Hauteur de la tête ; hauteur observée au niveau du début des branchies du poisson. Hauteur du corps : hauteur la plus haute observée. Hauteur du pédoncule caudale : hauteur minimale mesuré sur le pédoncule caudal. Longueur de la tête : distance entre le museau et le bord postérieur de l’opercule. Longueur standard(LS) : distance entre le museau et la base de la nageoire caudale. Longueur totale (LT) : distance entre le museau et l’extrémité de la nageoire caudale. Oblongue : forme qui est plus longue que large et dont les angles sont arrondis. Ostéichtyens : poissons à squelettes osseux composés en grande partie de pièces grêles et rigides ou arêtes. Perciformes : poissons à nageoires dotés de rayons épineux. d Planctonique : organisme qui flotte au sein de la mer. Téléostéens : poissons couverts d’écailles imbriqués comme des tuiles. Traçabilité :capacité à suivre le mouvement des produits halieutiques par étape(s) spécifiée(s) de la production, de la transformation et de la distribution. e LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS % : Pourcentage ‰ : Pour mille ACP : Analyse en Composantes Principales ANOVA : Analyse de Variance Ar : Ariary c : Coefficient de conversion C : Degré Celsius cm : Centimètre CM : Moyenne des carrés CP: Crustapêche CV : Coefficient de variation DDL : Degré de liberté DINU : Département de l’Information des Nations Unies DO : Diamètre de l’œil E : Epaisseur pectorale FAO: Foods and Agriculture Organization g: Gramme H : Hauteur du corps HPC : Hauteur du pédoncule caudale HTê : Hauteur de la tête K : Coefficient de condition kg : Kilogramme f Log : Fonction logarithmique LS : Longueur standard LT : Longueur totale LTê : Longueur de la tête m : Mètre max : Maximum mm : Millimètre OEPA : Observatoire Economique de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture P : Pomadasys pH : Potentiel hydrogène Pr : Probabilité r : Coefficient de corrélation RO: Réfrigépêche-Ouest SCE : Somme des carrés g LISTE DES FIGURES Figure n°1: Pomadasys maculatus ............................................................................................. 6 Figure n°2: Mensurations effectuées sur l'individu .................................................................. 16 Figure n°3:Cercle de corrélation entre les variables morphométriques ................................... 28 Figure n°4:Répartition des groupes d'individus dans le plan F1,F2 ......................................... 29 Figure n°5:Répartition des groupes du Drodro ........................................................................ 32 LISTE DES PHOTOS Photon°1: Pomadasys maculatus ............................................................................................. 13 Photo n°2: Balance électronique .............................................................................................. 13 Photo n°3: Ichtyomètre ............................................................................................................. 14 Photo n°4: Pied à coulisse ........................................................................................................ 15 LISTE DES TABLEAUX Tableau n°1: Synthèse méthodologique ................................................................................... 22 Tableau n°2: Caractéristiques générales de P maculatus ......................................................... 23 Tableau n°3: Matrice de corrélation entre les variables morphométriques .............................. 25 Tableau n°4: Contribution des axes factoriels de l'Analyse en Composantes Principales ....... 27 Tableau n°5: Variations morphométriques générales entre les quatre groupes formés ........... 30 Tableau n°6: Indice biométrique pour chaque groupe ............................................................. 33 Tableau n°7: Equation de régression des paramètres morphométriques de P maculatus ........ 34 Tableau n°8: Valeur du facteur de condition K suivant les groupes formés ............................ 35 Tableau n°9: Comparaison du poids et de la longueur de P maculatus à Madagascar et dans la baie de Cleveland .............................................................................................................. 36 Tableau n°10: Valeur du coefficient d'allométrie b suivant la provenance de P maculatus .... 41 h LISTE DES ANNEXES Annexe 1:Liste des espèces connues dans la famille des Haemulidae ...................................... i Annexe 2:Circuit de commercialisations des produits halieutiques de SOPROMER .............. ix Annexe 3:Composition du régime alimentaire de P maculatus ................................................. x Annexe 4:Les zone de pêches de P maculatus (A,B,C)
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