Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ______
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No. __________________ ___________________________________ IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES ___________________________________ MARK A. CIAVARELLA, JR. – PETITIONER VS. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – RESPONDENT ______________________________________ ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ______________________________________ PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI Jennifer P. Wilson, Esquire PHILPOTT WILSON LLP 227 N. High St., P.O. Box 116 Duncannon, PA 17020 717-834-3087 - Phone 717-834-5437 - Fax QUESTIONS PRESENTED I. Whether Petitioner was denied effective assistance of counsel as a result of the deprivation of a viable statute of limitations defense with respect to the honest services mail fraud counts? II. Whether Petitioner established cause and actual prejudice to overcome procedural default as to the claim that the trial court’s jury instructions were inconsistent with this Court’s decision in McDonnell v. United States, and further established that the jury instructions were erroneous and prejudicial? -i- LIST OF PARTIES All parties appear in the caption of the case on the cover page. LIST OF PRIOR PROCEEDINGS 1. United States v. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr., 3-09-cr-00272-002 (Middle District of Pennsylvania); judgment entered on August 11, 2011. 2. United States v. Ciavarella, 716 F.3d 705 (3d Cir. 2013); direct appeal opinion entered on May 24, 2013. 3. United States v. Ciavarella, No. 11-3277 (3d Cir. 2013); order denying rehearing entered on July 24, 2013. 4. Ciavarella v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 1491 (2014); order denying petition for writ of certiorari entered on March 3, 2014. 5. United States v. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr., 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2785 (M.D. Pa. Jan. 8, 2018); opinion granting in part and denying in part 28 U.S.C. § 2255 petition. 6. United States v. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr., Nos. 18-1489 & 18-1499, 765 Fed. Appx. 855, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 9421 (3d Cir. March 29, 2019); opinion affirming district court opinion. 7. United States v. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr., Nos. 18-1489 & 18-1499 (3d Cir. 2019); order denying rehearing entered on May 7, 2019. -ii- TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OPINIONS BELOW............................................................1 JURISDICTION...............................................................2 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS INVOLVED ..................3 STATEMENT OF THE CASE....................................................4 A. Procedural Background..............................................4 B. Factual Background ................................................6 C. District Court Opinion..............................................7 D. The Circuit Court Opinion ...........................................8 REASONS FOR GRANTING THE PETITION......................................9 I. CIAVARELLA WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AS A RESULT OF THE DEPRIVATION OF A VIABLE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS DEFENSE WITH RESPECT TO THE HONEST SERVICES MAIL FRAUD COUNTS...........................................10 A. The Lower Courts Correctly Concluded That Trial Counsel’s Failure to Pursue and Preserve a Viable Statute of Limitations Defense Was Prejudicial with Respect to the Conspiracy Counts. ................10 B. The Third Circuit’s Denial of Relief With Respect to the Honest Services Mail Fraud Convictions Relied on Facts That Are Not of Record and Ignores Crucial Legal Arguments. .............................11 1. The Third Circuit Relied on Facts That Are Not of Record .....11 2. The Third Circuit Reached An Important Conclusion That is Not Supported by the Record................................13 3. The Third Circuit Affords Undue Significance to the Opinion on Direct Appeal........................................18 -iii- TABLE OF CONTENTS, CONT’D PAGE 4. The Third Circuit Ignored the Crucial Legal Argument that Honest Services Mail Fraud Is Not a Continuing Offense ............19 II. CIAVARELLA ESTABLISHED CAUSE AND PREJUDICE TO OVERCOME PROCEDURAL DEFAULT AS TO THE CLAIM THAT THE TRIAL COURT’S JURY INSTRUCTIONS WERE INCONSISTENT WITH THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION IN MCDONNELL V. UNITED STATES, AND FURTHER ESTABLISHED THAT THE JURY INSTRUCTIONS WERE ERRONEOUS AND PREJUDICIAL..................................23 A. Ciavarella Established “Cause” to Excuse the Failure to Challenge the Jury Instruction on “Official Act”. ............................23 B. Ciavarella Has Established “Actual Prejudice” from the Erroneous Jury Instruction on “Official Act.”. ............................25 CONCLUSION ..............................................................31 -iv- INDEX TO APPENDICES APPENDIX A, Not precedential Opinion of United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, dated March 29, 2019. APPENDIX B, Order denying Petition for Rehearing of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, dated May 7, 2019. APPENDIX C, Memorandum Opinion of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, dated January 8, 2018. -v- TABLE OF AUTHORITIES PAGE FEDERAL CASES Supreme Court Reed v. Ross, 468 U.S. 1 (1984) .................................................25 Skilling v. United States, 561 U.S. 358 (2010) ......................................14 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) .......................................7 Toussie v. United States, 397 U.S. 112 (1970) .......................................20 United States v. McDonnell, __ U.S. __, 136 S Ct. 2355 (2016) ..................... passim Circuit Court United States v. Barger, 178 F.3d 844 (7th Cir. 1999) .................................21 United States v. Calvert, 523 F.2d 895 (8th Cir. 1975) .................................21 United States v. Ciavarella, 716 F.3d 705 (3d Cir. 2013) .......................... passim United States v. Coutentos, 651 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2011) ...........................15, 17 United States v. Howard, 350 F.3d 125 (D.C. Cir. 2003)...............................21 United States v. Jake, 281 F.3d 123 (3d Cir. 2002) ...................................15 United States v. Miro, 29 F.3d 194 (5th Cir. 1994) ....................................21 United States v. Murphy, 323 F.3d 102 (3d Cir. 2003).................................17 United States v. Niven, 952 F.2d 289 (9th Cir. 1991) ..................................21 United States v. Pelullo, 399 F.3d 197 (3d Cir. 2005) ..............................24, 25 United States v. Seligsohn, 981 F.2d 1418 (3d Cir. 1992) ..............................21 United States v. Siddons, 660 F.3d 699 (3d Cir. 2011).................................20 -vi- TABLE OF AUTHORITIES, CONT’D PAGE United States v. Silver, 864 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2017), cert. denied, 138 S.Ct. 738 (Jan. 16, 2018)................................ passim United States v. Span, 75 F.3d 1383 (9th Cir. 1996) ................................15, 17 United States v. Wright, 665 F.3d 560 (3d Cir. 2012) ................................14 United States v. Yashar, 166 F.3d 873 (7th Cir. 1999) .................................21 District Court Cordaro v. United States, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 143347, 2017 WL 3839916 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 1, 2017) ..................................24 United States v. Jefferson, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 165824 (E.D. Va. Oct. 4, 2017).......27, 29 United States v. Vederman, 225 F. Supp. 3d 308 (E.D. Pa. Dec. 21, 2016).................24 United States v. Sunia, 643 F. Supp. 2d 51 (D.D.C. 2009)..............................21 FEDERAL STATUTES 18 U.S.C. § 2...............................................................4, 20 18 U.S.C. § 3..................................................................4 18 U.S.C. § 371................................................................4 18 U.S.C. § 666................................................................4 18 U.S.C. § 1341............................................................4, 20 18 U.S.C. § 1343...............................................................4 18 U.S.C. § 1346............................................................4, 20 18 U.S.C. § 1951...............................................................4 18 U.S.C. § 1956...............................................................4 -vii- TABLE OF AUTHORITIES, CONT’D PAGE 18 U.S.C. § 1962...............................................................4 26 U.S.C. § 7206...............................................................4 28 U.S.C. § 1254(1) ............................................................2 28 U.S.C. § 2255...............................................................5 MISCELLANEOUS Jeffrey R. Boles, Easing the Tension Between Statute of Limitations and the Continuing Offense Doctrine, 7 NW. J. L. & SOC. POL’Y, 219, 247-249 (2012) .............................21 -viii- IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI Petitioner respectfully prays that a writ of certiorari issue to review the judgment below from the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. OPINIONS BELOW The not precedential opinion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit appears in Appendix A to this petition, and is reported at United States v. Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr., Nos. 18-1489 & 18-1499, 765 Fed. Appx. 855, 2019 U.S. App. LEXIS 9421 (3d Cir. March 29, 2019). The order denying Ciavarella’s petition for rehearing by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit appears in Appendix B to this petition, and is dated May 7, 2019. The memorandum opinion of the United States District Court