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Family Experiments Middle-Class, Professional Families in Australia and New Zealand C
Family Experiments Middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c. 1880–1920 Family Experiments Middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c. 1880–1920 SHELLEY RICHARDSON Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Richardson, Shelley, author. Title: Family experiments : middle-class, professional families in Australia and New Zealand c 1880–1920 / Shelley Richardson. ISBN: 9781760460587 (paperback) 9781760460594 (ebook) Series: ANU lives series in biography. Subjects: Middle class families--Australia--Biography. Middle class families--New Zealand--Biography. Immigrant families--Australia--Biography. Immigrant families--New Zealand--Biography. Dewey Number: 306.85092 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The ANU.Lives Series in Biography is an initiative of the National Centre of Biography at The Australian National University, ncb.anu.edu.au. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Photograph adapted from: flic.kr/p/fkMKbm by Blue Mountains Local Studies. This edition © 2016 ANU Press Contents List of Illustrations . vii List of Abbreviations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Introduction . 1 Section One: Departures 1 . The Family and Mid-Victorian Idealism . 39 2 . The Family and Mid-Victorian Realities . 67 Section Two: Arrival and Establishment 3 . The Academic Evangelists . 93 4 . The Lawyers . 143 Section Three: Marriage and Aspirations: Colonial Families 5 . -
Lessons in Ephemera: Teaching and Learning Through Cultural Heritage Collections
Melissa McMullan and Joanna Cobley Lessons in Ephemera: Teaching and Learning through Cultural Heritage Collections This article synthesizes an intern’s experience assessing the University of Canterbury’s (UC) theatre and concert music program ephemera collec- tion for its teaching and research potential, and evaluating its storage and preservation needs. Held at the Macmillan Brown Library and Archive (MB), the collection comprises around 6,000 items and takes up seven linear meters of physical storage space. The ephemera functioned as a portal into the evolution of Christchurch’s theatrical and concert music history, giving weight to the collection as a rich local historical resource worthy of keeping. The ephemera reflected how British, European, and American cultural practices were infused into colonial Christchurch’s theatrical and concert music scene. The collection also revealed a tradi- tion of UC teachers who, since its establishment in 1873 as Canterbury College, actively shaped, participated in, and facilitated the develop- ment of Christchurch’s theatre and concert music heritage. Overall, the collection’s research value was its localism. Different ways of engaging researchers with the ephemera were considered, in addition to identify- ing the transferable skills the intern gained. With growing interest from students about internships, the authors also address questions about long-term impact and scalability of cultural-heritage collection-based in- tern and/or classroom-based learning projects more generally. Our main message for higher education management and those charged with the custodianship of cultural heritage collections is that hands-on learning helps students appreciate and value these locally significant collections. Academic archivists and librarians understand the value of working with cultural heritage collections, such as ephemera, yet the size and scope of these often uncata- logued, closed-storage collections can deter access.1 Connecting teaching staff and 1. -
Cora Wilding and the Sunlight League
BEAUTY OF HEALTH: Cora Wilding and the Sunlight League A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment· of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury by Nadia Gush University of Canterbury 2003 Contents Contents Abstract...................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements...................................................... 2 Foreword.................................................................... 3 Introduction: Borders/Boundaries/Skins............................ 5 Chapter One: The Beauty of Health ................... ".............. 25 Chapter Two: A Sense of Form and Strength of Line (1907 -1927) ................................................................. 44 Chapter Three: Celestial Antiseptic: The Beginnings of the Sunlight League. .. 89 Chapter Four: The Beautiful People.................................. 106 Chapter Five: Studying the Figure for Introduction into Landscape (1928-1935) .............................................. 122 Chapter Six : The Art of Harmonious Living (1936-1951) ................................................................ 153 Conclusion: Intensity/purpose/harmony - Truth/goodness/beauty. 171 Appendix A............................................................... 176 Bibliography............................................................. 179 2 - JIJ L 2003 List ifFi8wes List of Figures Figure Page 1. Cora Hilda Blanche Wilding (1888-1982) ................................. 3 2. From Mt Egmont, c.1919/20 .............................................. -
Imaging and Imagining the Pacific
IMAGING AND IMAGINING THE PACIFIC A journey through myth, beauty and reality First Published in November 2010 by the University of Canterbury Macmillan Brown Library and the School of Fine Arts in conjunction with the Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies as part of the 75th Anniversary celebrations of John Macmillan Brown. ISBN: 978-0-9864670-1-1 Cover illustration: Samoan Woman c. 1880–1934, A J Tattersall (1861–1951), photograph IMAGING AND IMAGINING ‘I opened my eyes in a world no feature of which I could recognize. Everything around me was of the most dazzling beauty’ 1 John Macmillan Brown The Pacific Islands are in many respects naturally paradisiac; favoured as holiday 1. John Macmillan Brown. Published spots for their beautiful sandy beaches, enticingly crystal clear water and all-year- under the pseudonym Godfrey Sweven. Limanora; the island of progress. Putnam, round warm temperatures. Despite the relatively rapid settlement of Westerners New York, 1903, pp.1. in the Pacific, the transition from Western ethnocentric and anthropological viewpoints to understanding indigenous cultures has been slow. As a form of documentation, photography is often misleadingly perceived as truthful. Because photographic images are taken at a particular point in time and represent the real world it is easy to forget that the photographer has made crucial compositional and stylistic decisions. This exhibition explores a range of Western representations of the Pacific in the early twentieth century; from R.J.Baker’s romantic portraits charged with emotion to the sexualised and sensuous poses of A.J.Tattersall’s idyllic women. John Macmillan Brown’s photographs are distinct from the ones of professional photographers because of their inherent snapshot quality evoking the nostalgia of family albums. -
Bibliography
Bibliography The bibliography is arranged under the following headings: Primary Sources A. Official Publications B. Family Papers and Other Archival Collections C. Contemporary Newspapers and Periodicals D. Contemporary Books, Pamphlets and Articles Secondary Sources E. Books F. Articles G. Manuscripts H. Unpublished University Theses and Research Essays Primary Sources A. Official Publications Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1880–1920. New Zealand Census, 1887–1916. New Zealand Official Year Book, 1915. Victorian Census, 1884, 1891, 1901. Victorian Year Book, 1895–1898. Wise’s Post Office Directories, c.1880–1914. 321 FAMILY EXPERIMENTS B. Family Papers and other Archival Collections Bassett, Flora Marjorie (Marnie), Papers, University of Melbourne Archives, 1980.0079. Brown, John Macmillan, Papers, Macmillan Brown Library (MBL), University of Canterbury (UC), Christchurch, MB 118. Canterbury Lawn Tennis Club/Association Minute Books, 1881–1902, Canterbury Museum Documentary Research Centre (CMDRC), Christchurch, ARC.1996.33. Gardner, W. J., Papers, MBL, UC, Christchurch, MB 107. Higgins, Henry Bournes, Papers, National Library of Australia, Canberra, MS 1057. Higgins, Henry, Stonnington History Centre Catalogue, Melbourne, MP 353, MP 12540. Leeper, Alexander, Papers, Trinity College Archives, University of Melbourne. (*Refer to the Trinity College Archivist regarding the possible reorganisation of this collection.) Masson, David Orme, Family Papers, University of Melbourne Archives, 1980.0080 (80/80; 106/54). Wilding, Cora, Papers, MBL, UC, MB 183. Wilding, Family Papers, CMDRC, Christchurch, ARC.1989.124. C. Contemporary Newspapers and Periodicals Age 1880–1914. Argus 1880–1914. Australasian 1880–1914. Canterbury Times 1880–1914. Hereford Mercury and Independent 1870–79. Hereford Times 1832–80. Lyttelton Times 1880–1914. -
The Academic Evangelists
3 The Academic Evangelists Between 1874 and 1886 Macmillan Brown, Leeper and Masson headed to Christchurch and Melbourne, where they settled immediately into professional positions that they had secured before leaving home. In this way, their act of migration involved less risk and uncertainty than that of the Wilding and Higgins families. Their incomes had been negotiated, and their professional positions brought, if not automatic authority, then at least a degree of recognition within the wider community. Only Macmillan Brown regarded his appointment as a colonial sojourn. Each was to bring an almost missionary zeal to the self-imposed task of ensuring that the colonial universities they entered established themselves firmly within the international community of scholarship. It was on these terms of activist academic engagement that they set out on their colonial careers. They were terms that were to have a significant, if not determining, influence upon the family environments they were simultaneously helping to establish. The case studies that follow attempt to gauge more precisely the extent to which their academic evangelism became the axis around which family was constructed. In doing so, they also explore such negotiated terrain as remained within households, where the separation of work and domestic life was blurred. 93 FAMILY EXPERIMENTS John Macmillan Brown: ‘I am Canterbury College’1 Twenty-eight-year-old John Macmillan Brown set sail from England, resigned to a temporary exile at Canterbury College, which he hoped might be relieved by the beauty of New Zealand’s scenery and a constant supply of books sent from Britain. It was an exile viewed as an opportunity to build up capital and he did not see marriage as a prospect. -
The Beauty of Health CORA WILDING and the SUNLIGHT LEAGUE
New Zealand Journal of History, 43, 1 (2009) The Beauty of Health CORA WILDING AND THE SUNLIGHT LEAGUE IN OCTOBER 1931 four girls spent a night huddled in Mrs Ladbrooke’s sun-porch in the small South Island town of Geraldine.1 Taken from their Christchurch homes by Cora Wilding, the girls were a test group for Wilding’s theories about the benefits of rural life. Wilding had recently returned from a trip abroad where she had visited some of the more prominent European leaders in a movement exploring the healing effects of the natural environment on the human body. What Wilding wanted to know, as she put her charges to sleep in the well-ventilated porch, was how urban girls would respond to exposure to the sights, sounds and crisp spring mornings of rural Canterbury. Did the local environment hold the same health-giving properties as that of Switzerland, or even of New Zealand’s North Island, where successful outdoor children’s camps had already been held? Fuelled by her international observations and the positive findings of the informal 1931 trial, later that year Wilding inaugurated the only New Zealand branch of the British Sunlight League. Under its auspices, she ran a series of children’s camps until 1936. Part of the wider inter-war health camp movement, Wilding’s Sunlight League camps applied scientific methods to child-rearing and explored the possibilities of applied eugenics. But Wilding’s camps were also different from the bulk of those making up the New Zealand movement. Wilding applied the laws of health to young children, creating muscular, resilient young female bodies through camping in the Canterbury countryside, but unlike other camp leaders, Wilding also applied the laws of aesthetics. -
2Whisby Road, Christchurch
DISTRICT PLAN –LISTED HERITAGE PLACE HERITAGE ASSESSMENT – STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE HERITAGE ITEM NUMBER 540 DWELLING AND SETTING – 2 WHISBY ROAD, CHRISTCHURCH PHOTOGRAPH: M.VAIR-PIOVA, 21/01/15 HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE Historical and social values that demonstrate or are associated with: a particular person, group, organisation, institution, event, phase or activity; the continuity and/or change of a phase or activity; social, historical, traditional, economic, political or other patterns. The former Macmillan Brown dwelling and its setting has high historical significance as the home of Professor John Macmillan Brown (1845-1935), his wife Helen (nee Connon, c1857- 1903) and their two daughters. Macmillan Brown was one of the three founding professors of Canterbury College (later the University of Canterbury) and also served, after his retirement from the college, as Vice-Chancellor and Chancellor of the University of New Zealand. He married Helen Connon in 1886; she was the first woman in the British Empire to graduate MA with honours (1881) and was headmistress of Christchurch Girl’s High School for twelve years (1882-94). In 1897 the Macmillan Browns purchased a nine-acre property on the Cashmere Hills to serve as a winter escape from their Fendalton residence. They commissioned Helen’s brother-in-law, noted local architect Samuel Hurst Seager, to build them an Arts and Crafts bungalow. It was the third house constructed in the area and was built between 1898 and 1900. The Macmillan Browns’ garden was of particular note and was at the time recognised for its collection in New Zealand of native ferns. The Browns were well known for their hospitality at both their Wairarapa Terrace home and up on the hill.