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Archaeological Investigations, 2015-16, Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, 298 Academy Street, Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey

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Archaeological Investigations, 2015-16, Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, 298 Academy Street, Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 2015-16 VAN WAGENEN/APPLE TREE HOUSE CITY OF JERSEY CITY, HUDSON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY Prepared for: Division of Architecture Prepared by: Hunter Research, Inc. Andrew Martin, B.A. Richard W. Hunter, RPA, Ph.D. MARCH 2017 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY This report summarizes and synthesizes the results of several episodes of archaeological testing and monitoring carried out in 2015-16 in connection with recently completed site improvements and utilities installations at the Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House property, 298 Academy Street, Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey. This city-owned property is listed in the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places and is located within the footprint of the original palisaded village of Bergen, founded in 1660. Archaeological work in this instance was conducted as part of project compliance with the New Jersey Register of Historic Places Act. The archaeological investigations of 2015-16 also build on the results of earlier testing carried out by Hunter Research in connection with the restoration of the house in 2004, 2006 and 2009-10. An initial phase of archaeological work was performed between October and December 2015 involving moni- toring of tree and asphalt removal followed by excavation of 68 shovel tests and five excavation units in loca- tions where the proposed site improvements and utilities installations entailed deep ground disturbance. This work resulted in the discovery of a lime slaking pit to the rear of the house, probably associated with the circa 1840 construction of the southeast wing, and confirmed that a buried occupation layer dating from the 18th and early 19th centuries survived over much of the site at a depth of 18 inches to two feet beneath a thick deposit of fill. Extensive but intermittent monitoring of construction activity (chiefly trench excavations for a retaining wall, drainage pipes and electric lines, and excavations for tree plantings) took place between mid-April and early November of 2016. This work resulted in the discovery of a cellar foundation from an earlier house that was positioned lengthwise along Academy Street in front and to the west of the existing house. The cellar mea- sured 18 feet by at least 24 feet and its northeastern wall survived to a height of almost three feet. The house associated with this cellar is thought to date from the late 17th or early 18th centuries and to have most likely been a one-and-a-half-story stone structure. Possible Dutch American parallels in northern New Jersey are sug- gested for this building and a revised four-phase sequence of architectural development is put forward for the Van Wagenen property in place of the previously postulated three-phase sequence. This discovery represents a significant contribution to our understanding of the early history and archaeology of Bergen village. The monitoring program of 2016 also encountered remains of a projected 4.5-foot-square stone-lined privy, an 8-foot diameter brick cistern and a third possible shaft feature of uncertain function, all probably of 18th- century date. These features have been left largely intact and merit future archaeological study. In front of the existing house, traces of a late 19th/early 20th-century stone and brick stairway (now removed and replaced) were documented leading down to the street, while the brick and concrete footings of the circa 1900 residence at 304 Academy Street were recorded close to the property’s northwestern boundary. Few significant items of i MANAGEMENT SUMMARY (CONTINUED) material culture were recovered from securely stratified deposits (in part a function of the monitoring process), but among the artifacts of particular interest are a sherd of probable late 17th-century Westerwald stoneware bearing a rare molded owl ornament and two pipe bowls of early colonial date. Through the various archaeological investigations conducted over a period of 12 years the Van Wagenen proper- ty has proved itself to hold some surprising subsurface data. Archaeological study has without doubt enhanced knowledge of the existing house and its immediate surroundings and produced vital evidence of the earliest occupation on the site. Despite the destructive effects of some of the recent restoration and site improvement activities, the property still retains considerable archaeological potential, most especially in the rear yard and in pockets of undisturbed ground in the front and side yards. Future ground disturbance in excess of 18 to 24 inches in depth should refer to past archaeological studies and take archaeological considerations into account. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS page Management Summary ......................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... v List of Photographs ............................................................................................................................................vii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION A. Project Background and Scope-of-Work .............................................................................................1-1 B. Previous Research and Investigations ................................................................................................1-11 2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT ..........................................................................................................................2-1 3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS A. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................3-1 B. Archaeological Monitoring of Removal of Trees and Asphalt Surfaces .............................................3-2 C. Phase I Archaeological Testing ............................................................................................................3-9 D. Archaeological Monitoring of Landscaping and Utilities Installation .............................................3-31 4. MATERIAL CULTURE ..............................................................................................................................4-1 5. SYNTHESIS ................................................................................................................................................5-1 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ R-1 APPENDICES A. Archaeological Monitoring Plan, February 4, 2016 ...........................................................................A-1 B. Summary of Subsurface Testing ........................................................................................................ B-1 C. Artifact Inventory ................................................................................................................................ C-1 D. Resumes ..............................................................................................................................................D-1 E. New Jersey State Museum Site Registration Form ............................................................................ E-1 F. New Jersey Historic Preservation Office Bibliographic Abstract .......................................................F-1 G. Project Administrative Data ................................................................................................................G-1 iii LIST OF FIGURES page 1.1. Project Site Location ...............................................................................................................................1-2 1.2. Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, Vertical Aerial View ..........................................................................1-3 1.3. Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, Oblique Aerial View .........................................................................1-4 1.4. Proposed Site Plan Showing Landscaping Improvements ...................................................... opposite 1-8 1.5. Proposed Landscaping and Walkway Plan .............................................................................. opposite 1-8 1.6. Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, South and West Elevations ...............................................................1-9 1.7. Van Wagenen/Apple Tree House, Phase Diagram ................................................................................1-10 2.1. Map Showing Property Owned by Gerrit Gerritsen Outside Bergen Village in the Late 17th Century ....................................................................................................................................2-2 2.2. Map Showing Property Owned by Gerrit Gerritsen in Bergen Village in the Late 17th Century ....................................................................................................................................2-3 2.3.
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