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Résumé Non Technique ÉTUDE DE DANGERS

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Résumé Non Technique ÉTUDE DE DANGERS Pièce numéro 5 bis Résumé Non Technique ÉTUDE DE DANGERS Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS Communes de Cherves-Châtelars et Lésignac-Durand (16) Août 2018 Volkswind France SAS SAS au capital de 250 000 € R.C.S Paris 439 906 934 Centre Régional de Limoges Aéroport de Limoges Bellegarde 87100 LIMOGES Tél : 05.55.48.38.97 / Fax : 05.55.08.24.41 www.volkswind.fr Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 1 TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES ....................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE DES CARTES ........................................................................................................................................... 3 A. PRÉSENTATION DU PROJET ...................................................................................................................... 4 A.1 Le parc éolien ........................................................................................................................................... 4 A.2 L’éolienne ................................................................................................................................................. 5 A.3 L’environnement .................................................................................................................................... 13 B. Détermination des Enjeux ...................................................................................................................... 14 C. Détermination des agresseurs potentiels ............................................................................................... 17 D. Détermination des risques potentiels .................................................................................................... 18 E. Résultats de l’étude de dangers ............................................................................................................. 21 Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 2 TABLE DES CARTES CARTE 1 : SYNTHESE DES RISQUES POUR L’EOLIENNE E01 .................................................................................................. 23 CARTE 2 : SYNTHESE DES RISQUES POUR L’EOLIENNE E02 .................................................................................................. 24 CARTE 3 : SYNTHESE DES RISQUES POUR L’EOLIENNE E03 .................................................................................................. 25 Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 3 RESUME NON TECHNIQUE L’étude de dangers a pour rôle d’identifier les enjeux, les potentiels de dangers et les risques associés afin de déterminer et de mettre en œuvre les moyens pour en réduire les impacts et la probabilité. A. PRÉSENTATION DU PROJET A.1 Le parc éolien Le parc éolien se situe sur les communes de Cherves-Châtelars et Lésignac-Durand dans le département de la Charente (16). La puissance totale est de 12,6 à 13,5 MW pour des éoliennes de 4,2 à 4,5 MW de puissance unitaire. Le parc est composé de 3 éoliennes disposées en une ligne courbe sur un axe nord/sud. Le poste de livraison (PDL) sera situé à proximité de l’éolienne E03, en bordure de chemin d’accès. Les éoliennes auront un balisage lumineux et des panneaux d’informations seront disposés à l’entrée des aires de maintenance. Le plan détaillé du projet est présenté ci-après : Plan de la ferme éolienne de La Besse (16) Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 4 A.2 L’éolienne Les éoliennes prévues pour le projet de La Besse seront soit de modèle Vestas V150 de puissance unitaire 4,2 MW soit de modèle Nordex N149 de puissance unitaire 4,5 MW. Leurs dimensions maximales seront de 150 m de diamètre de rotor et de 125 m de mât à hauteur de moyeu, pour une hauteur totale de 200 m en bout de pales. Les principaux éléments constitutifs de l’aérogénérateur sont énumérés dans le tableau suivant : Caractéristiques Principaux Elément Fonction de l’installation V150 N149 Diamètre compris entre 20 et 26 mètres Ancrer et stabiliser l’éolienne Fondation dans le sol (Les dimensions précises seront définies une fois l’étude géotechnique réalisée pour chaque éolienne) 122,8 m de hauteur sous 122,2 m de hauteur sous nacelle nacelle Mât Supporter la nacelle et le rotor 125 m de hauteur de moyeu 125 m de hauteur de moyeu 4,0 m de diamètre de base 4,06 m de diamètre de base Supporter le rotor Abriter le dispositif de 4,2 m de hauteur 4,39 m de hauteur conversion de l’énergie Nacelle mécanique en électricité 4,03 m de largeur 4,3 m de largeur (génératrice, etc.) ainsi que les 12,88 m de longueur 12,81 m de longueur dispositifs de contrôle et de sécurité Capter l’énergie mécanique du 73,66 m de longueur de pale 72,4 m de longueur de pale Rotor / pales vent et la transmettre à la génératrice 150 m de diamètre de rotor 149,1 m de diamètre de rotor Elever la tension de sortie de la génératrice avant Transformateur Élève les tensions de 690 V à 20 000 V l’acheminement du courant électrique par le réseau Adapter les caractéristiques du courant électrique à l’interface Poste de livraison Dimension 11 x 2,5m entre le réseau privé et le réseau public Principaux éléments constitutifs des éoliennes V150 – 4,2 MW et N149 – 4,5 MW Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 5 Schéma simplifié d’un aérogénérateur Le vent fait tourner les pales entrainant ainsi la rotation de la génératrice via l’arbre de transmission et le multiplicateur. La génératrice produit de l’électricité qui est transformée puis injectée dans le réseau de distribution. Le domaine de fonctionnement des éoliennes est le suivant : V150 N149 Vitesse du rotor de 4,9 à 12 tours/minute de 6,4 à 12,3 tours/minute Vitesse de vent de démarrage 3 m/s 3 m/s Vitesse de coupure du vent 24,5 m/s 20 m/s Vitesse de redémarrage 22,5 m/s NC Température ambiante minimale et maximale -20°c à + 45°c NC Sécurité de l’installation L’ensemble de la réglementation en vigueur ainsi que les normes relatives à la sécurité de l’installation sont respectées. L’éolienne est conforme aux prescriptions en matière de sécurité, de l’arrêté ministériel relatif aux installations soumises à autorisation, au titre de la rubrique 2980 des installations classées. Résumé Non Technique de l’Étude de Dangers Ferme éolienne de la Besse SAS - Août 2018 6 Les éoliennes Vestas V150 et Nordex N149 sont dotées de nombreux systèmes de sécurité et de surveillance : . Modes d’arrêt de l’éolienne : o Mise en pause : machine découplée du réseau électrique haute tension o Arrêt de type Stop : mise en pause avec désactivation des sous-systèmes o Arrêt d’urgence : les pales sont ramenées en position dite « en drapeau » . Les dispositifs de freinage : o Frein aérodynamique : orientation des pales où elles offrent peu de prises au vent et plus de résistance à la rotation. o Frein hydraulique : frein à disque à commande hydraulique qui permet de maintenir à l’arrêt le rotor. La protection de survitesse : o Les vitesses de rotation du générateur et de l’arbre lent sont mesurées et analysées en permanence par le système de contrôle. En cas de discordances des mesures, l’éolienne est mise à l’arrêt. o En cas de défaillance du système de contrôle, un système indépendant appelé « VOG » (Vestas Overspeed Guard) permet également d’arrêter le rotor, par mise en drapeau des pales. Il s’agit d’un système à sécurité positive auto-surveillé. Protection contre la foudre L’éolienne est équipée d’un système de protection contre la foudre conçu pour répondre à la classe de protection I de la norme internationale IEC 61 400. Mise à la terre Le système de mise à la terre des éoliennes Vestas est assuré par un ensemble de prises de terre individuelles, intégrées dans les fondations puis connectées sur une barre de terre située en pied de mât. Sont raccordées sur cette barre, la terre des équipements électriques et le dispositif de protection contre la foudre. Surveillance des dysfonctionnements électriques Afin de limiter les risques liés à des courts-circuits, outre les protections traditionnelles contre les surintensités et les surtensions, les armoires électriques sont équipées d’un détecteur d’arc. Ce système a pour objectif de détecter toute formation d’un arc électrique (caractéristique d‘un début amorçage) qui pourrait conduire à des phénomènes de fusion de conducteurs et de début d’incendie. Le fonctionnement de ce détecteur commande le déclenchement de la cellule HT située en pied de mât, conduisant ainsi à la mise hors tension de la machine. La remise sous tension puis le recouplage de la machine ne peuvent être faits qu’après inspection visuelle des éléments HT de la nacelle, puis du réarmement du détecteur d’arc et de l’acquittement manuel du défaut. Protection contre la glace Un dispositif de détection de glace est installé sur les éoliennes. En cas de détection, le système met l’éolienne à l’arrêt limitant ainsi le risque de projection de glace. Le redémarrage ne sera effectué qu’après un contrôle sur site. Surveillance des vibrations et turbulences Un dispositif d’amortissement des oscillations de la nacelle dues au vent est installé sous la nacelle. Des détecteurs de vibrations sont implantés sous le multiplicateur pour détecter toute anomalie. Ce système est également sensible au balourd du rotor qui pourrait être provoqué par de la glace sur les pales. Il existe aussi un système standard « Condition
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