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Development Co-Operation Report 2007 – Volume 9, Issue 1 OECD OECD Journal on Development, 1 9, No. Volume OECD Journal on Development, Volume 9, No. 1 OECD Journal on Development Development Co-operation Report 2007 The Development Co-operation Report, issued by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), is the key annual reference document for statistics and analysis on the latest trends in Development international aid. Five years ago, in his fi rst Report as DAC Chair, Richard Manning proposed a dozen indicators to Co-operation measure the development community’s efforts to reduce poverty. This year, in his last year as Chair of the DAC, Manning takes a step back and assesses how the world has actually fared: “Overall, we are seeing clear signs of robust though uneven progress in many countries […]; the annual Report 2007 number of infant and child deaths appears fi nally to have fallen below 10 million.” How did this come about? Manning explores the reasons for this encouraging news, pointing to lessons to be learned about strategy, organisational management and the way aid is delivered. The Report also describes ongoing efforts to put the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness into practice, with a particular focus on health. The DAC prides itself on being the defi nitive source of bilateral statistics on the global aid effort, including DAC members and other donors. This Report offers an overview of the full scope of the work undertaken by the DAC, demonstrating why this is the place “where governments come together to make aid work”. This issue is also published on line as part of our efforts to improve the accessibility of key OECD DAC work. This way, we can respond to the needs of the aid community by giving prompt and easy access to the best available analyses and statistics. Development Co-operation Report 2007 Report Co-operation Development This book is available via SourceOECD: www.SourceOECD.org/developmentreport. SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected]. Volume 9, No. 1 ISBN 978-92-64-04147-9 43 2008 01 1 P By Richard Manning, ����������������������� -:HSTCQE=UYVY\^: Chair of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Efforts and Policies of the Members of the Development Assistance Committee Development Co-operation Report 2007 Report by Richard Manning Chair of the Development Assistance Committee ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: – To achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy. – To contribute to sound economic expansion in member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development. – To contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). In order to achieve its aims the OECD has set up a number of specialised committees. One of these is the Development Assistance Committee, whose members have agreed to secure an expansion of aggregate volume of resources made available to developing countries and to improve their effectiveness. To this end, members periodically review together both the amount and the nature of their contributions to aid programmes, bilateral and multilateral, and consult each other on all other relevant aspects of their development assistance policies. The members of the Development Assistance Committee are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Commission of the European Communities. Publié en français sous le titre : Coopération pour le développement Rapport 2007 © OECD 2008 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508)750-8400, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: www.copyright.com. All other applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. PREFACE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL Preface by the Secretary-General In 2007, there were dramatic changes in the OECD’s engagement with countries outside its current membership. At the Ministerial Council Meeting, Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia and Slovenia were invited to open discussions on membership in the Organisation and a policy of “enhanced engagement” with a view to Membership was extended to Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. The Heiligendamm Summit mandated the OECD to serve as a “platform” for discussions between the G8 and the new G5 (Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa) on several important topics, including development, with a special focus on Africa. Many individual directorates, as well as the Development Centre, also strengthened their involvement with countries outside the OECD. Development co-operation is also changing fast. Aid from non-DAC and non-OECD countries is on the rise. Foundations and other charitable bodies are becoming increasingly important players. Remittances, private investment and shifts in commodity prices are altering the realities on the ground. These new trends are helping Africa to grow at a rate that used to be thought of as being out of reach. And yet, many countries and regions are presently not on track to reach the Millennium Development Goals. That is why we should try harder. Since 2003, official development assistance (ODA) provided by OECD members to least developed countries, other low-income and lower middle-income countries has been on the rise. In contrast, some of the stronger lower middle-income countries, whose ODA receipts are marginal, have seen sharp falls in their ODA. While Afghanistan and Iraq have received large recent increases, Africa has seen a marked rise in programmable aid – from USD 22 billion in 2004 to USD 29 billion in 2006, though still far from the Gleneagles’ commitment to double total aid to Africa to some USD 50 billion by 2010. In parallel, both donor and partner countries have made major efforts to improve the quality and effectiveness of ODA. The sharp growth in ODA to the health and basic education sectors has contributed to some notable results. The number of children dying before their fifth birthday has fallen below 10 million per year for the first time and deaths from measles in Africa have fallen by 91% since 2000, thanks to well focused aid. Work on Aid Effectiveness, hosted by the Development Assistance Committee, has improved the dialogue between donor and partner countries about where and how aid is delivered. It has provided a baseline from which to measure improvements in the way donors provide their aid and is encouraging new thinking among the global health funds and agencies. So the information and analysis in this Report is timely and important. It brings out the positive results noted above, while showing that much remains to be done, both in delivering the promises of dramatically increased aid and in meeting the commitments set out in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. It also highlights the huge challenges of the inequality that is still prevalent in the world and of growing global problems – such as climate change. The DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2007 – VOLUME 9, No. 1 – ISBN 978-92-64-04147-9 – © OECD 2008 3 PREFACE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL evidence of this Report is that more aid, better targeted, better managed and effectively delivered, will deliver better results. Angel Gurría Secretary-General 4 DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2007 – VOLUME 9, No. 1 – ISBN 978-92-64-04147-9 – © OECD 2008 FOREWORD Foreword This is the last Foreword to the Development Co-operation Report that I have the honour to write as Chair of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). As ever, the Report that follows gives the world’s most comprehensive statistics on development co-operation over the past year. In doing so, it maintains the tradition of open reporting which has been at the heart of the Committee’s work from its inception. The importance of this is all the more evident as we look forward to key international events in 2008, including the ECOSOC Development Cooperation Forum in July, the Accra High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in September, and finally the Doha Conference on Financing for Development at the end of the year. The Report also attempts to provide some analysis of what the data mean.
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