DOCSLIB.ORG

Carlyle Connection the Ties That Bind: How Influential Family Connections and Initiative

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Carlyle Connection the Ties That Bind: How Influential Family Connections and Initiative The Friends of Carlyle House Newsletter Spring 2009 “It’s a fine beginning” CarlyleCarlyle Connection The Ties That Bind: How Influential Family Connections and Initiative Gave Rise to William Fairfax’s Prominence in Virginia Jim Bartlinski William Fairfax was born in Yorkshire’s Newton Winchester in September 1753. Fairfax also introduced Kyme Parish, on October 15, 1691. William was the the bill that created Fairfax County as a separate third son of Anne Harrison and Henry Fairfax of political jurisdiction in 1742, and subsequently served Toulston (sometimes spelled Towlston), grandson of as presiding Justice of the County Court, as colonel of Henry Fairfax, 4 th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, and the militia, and as County Lieutenant, the county’s nephew to Thomas, 5 th Lord Fairfax. William arrived chief law-enforcement officer. At the same time that in Virginia in 1733, coming from Massachusetts where William was acting as his cousin’s agent and fulfilling he had served as Collector of Customs for the Crown. his other obligations, he managed his own substantial Upon moving to Virginia, landholdings throughout William again assumed the Virginia until his death on position of Collector of September 3, 1757 at his Customs, as well as land plantation Belvoir. It agent for his first cousin, would have been difficult Thomas, 6 th Lord Fairfax, for William to attain these Baron of Cameron. Lord posts or acquire his own Fairfax was the proprietor vast Virginia holdings of the immense Virginia without initiative and the domain, known as the Belvoir Manor , 1741-1783 aid of influential relatives “Northern Neck Grant ,” such as his cousin, Lord consisting of over five million acres. William and his Fairfax, and other well-placed kinsmen. family lived along the lower Potomac before taking up The value of an extended family and the value of residence at Belvoir Manor in 1741, the same year his family connections were more prevalent in 18 th - future son-in-law John Carlyle established himself in century society than today. “Family” tended to be a the colony. Belvoir was situated on the west bank of broad term that included parents, their children, and the upper Potomac River below Alexandria where Fort an assortment of blood relations that encompassed Belvoir is today. grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, as well as In 1741, at 50 years of age, William was master of a godparents and those related by marriage into one considerable estate. His service to the Crown in cohesive extended family unit. These familial Virginia included that of President of the Governor’s connections, especially to kinsmen with influence, Council in Williamsburg and membership in the were essential to a young gentleman like William House of Burgesses. Along with his son-in-law John Fairfax, who aspired to lead a better life. Carlyle, William was a member of the Ohio Company Years before his appointment as agent for his and served as a representative for the colony at a cousin Lord Fairfax, William received the benefit of a conference with the Iroquois Indians held at quality education through the patronage of another The Carlyle House is a property of the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority. Carlyle Connection relative, his uncle and godfather, Lord Lonsdale. another well connected relative and by 1716, at the William attended the Lowther Grammar School in age of twenty-five, he had found what he thought to Westmoreland County (adjacent to Cumberland be a more promising prospect in the service of County, the boyhood home of his son-in-law John George I, King of Great Britain and Ireland, in the Carlyle) which had been established in 1638 by Sir British Army. John Lowther and his uncle Richard Lowther to teach From 1716 to 1717, William was stationed at Saint the children of the parish. Through the benefaction of Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. As one of the another relation, William received an additional most isolated islands in the world, Saint Helena was opportunity to improve his prospects through service of vital strategic importance to British vessels sailing in the Royal Navy during to and from Asia and South Africa. The island was the War of Spanish also known to be a welcome port on the long journey Succession (1701-1713), home to England from the East Indies where fresh known in the American water and provisions could be purchased. It is colonies as “Queen Anne’s unclear in what capacity the former midshipman War.” served while at Saint Helena, though he may have Records indicate that in been a secretary for one of the high-ranking officers February 1705, at about the or officials of the island, a post suitable for a young age of fourteen, William gentleman looking to advance his career. Fairfax entered into His Nonetheless, it is almost certain that Fairfax’s new Majesty’s service as a position on Saint Helena was due to the influence of midshipman aboard the his second cousin and godfather, Rear-Admiral newly overhauled third- Fairfax, and even more so to his uncle and godfather, Rear-Admiral Robert Fairfax rate, 80-gun man-of-war, Lieutenant Colonel Martin Bladen. It was a common the H.M.S. Torbay . William’s appointment or warrant practice of the period to name two sets of godparents as a midshipman was the result of the influence of his for your child. The role of a godparent was taken relation and godfather, Rear-Admiral Robert Fairfax. very seriously and a godchild could, for the most A letter from the period penned by Admiral Fairfax to part, count on his/her godparents’ patronage his cousin (William’s mother) Ann Fairfax, states that throughout a lifetime. he would send for her son, William “ … that he may Lieutenant Colonel Bladen, a veteran of the lose no time for his advantage in the service of the Fleet I recent war with Spain, had retired from the Army in have been careful to obtain the letter, and I am glad to do 1710. After leaving the Army, Bladen served in him any service because he is a good boy ...” Admiral Parliament and later held the following positions: Fairfax had a distinguished naval career, served both Comptroller of the Royal Mint, Secretary to the Duke in Parliament and as Lord Mayor of York, and was a of Grafton, and Lord Justice of Ireland. Additionally, member of the Freemasons (1713). The Admiral died from 1717 until his death in February 1746, he served in 1725. Rear-Admiral Robert Fairfax no doubt had as one of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and both the military, political, and social connections to Plantations, also know as the “Board of Trade.” secure a warrant as a Royal Navy midshipman for his young godson. William’s familial connection to Established in 1696 to replace the Lords of Trade Admiral Fairfax likely benefited the young man in his (1675–96), the Board of Trade advised on and future endeavors as well. supervised the British Empire’s colonial In a letter dated December 12, 1712 from William affairs. The Board of to his mother Ann, he expressed his desire to leave Trade examined the Royal Navy. Midshipman Fairfax reasoned that colonial legislation to after the cessation of hostilities with Spain, Great ensure maximum Britain’s downsized peace time Navy provided benefit to British trade limited opportunity for professional growth. policies, nominated Martin Bladen, 1732 Through his own initiative William sought the aid of colonial governors, The Birr Castle Collection 2 Spring 2009 recommended laws affecting the colonies to service, William’s posting to the West Indies may also Parliament, and heard complaints from the colonies have been influenced by his second cousin and about its administrators. It lacked executive or godfather, Rear-Admiral Robert Fairfax, or even his legislative powers, but it became the primary first cousin, Lord Fairfax. colonial policy-making body of the Crown. It was As the Bahamas’ first royal governor, Rogers along abolished in 1782. with his young protégé William Fairfax, was charged Lieutenant Colonel Bladen’s position on the by the Board of Trade with the task of ridding the Board of Trade would figure greatly in the future Caribbean of pirates. During Rogers’ term as advancement of his nephew and godson, William governor, he emerged as one of the leading figures in Fairfax. In spite of his new appointment, the historic suppressing piracy against Great Britain’s merchant record indicates that William served for less than a fleet in the West Indies. In his October 1718 report to year on Saint Helena before he found himself at sea the Board of Trade, Rogers described his eventful again in the spring of 1718 aboard the Delicia , a 460 arrival at New Providence: ton converted East Indiaman, now mounting 32- “...Your Lordships, I arr'ved in this Port on the 26 July guns, and bound for the West Indies. However, this [1718] last in company with the Men of Warr ordered to time Fairfax was not a midshipman in His Majesty’s assist me. I met with little opposition in coming in, but Royal Navy, but an official of the Crown. found a French ship (that was taken by the Pirates of 22 Guns) burning in the Harbour -- which we were told was The 27 year-old William had been sent to the set on Fire to drive out His Majestys Ship the Rose who got Bahamas to help bring order to this rogue outpost of in too early the evening before me, and cut her cable and run Great Britain’s burgeoning empire. The West out in the Night for fear of being burnt by one Charles Vane Indies, particularly the port of Nassau on New who command'd the Pirates and at our [approach] and His Providence Island, had become a haven for pirates Majesty's Ship -- the Milfords near approach the next and a base from which they could prey upon the morning, they finding it impossible to escape us, he with Empire’s West Indian and American trade.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Welcome from the Dais ……………………………………………………………………… 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Background Information ……………………………………………………………………… 3 The Golden Age of Piracy ……………………………………………………………… 3 A Pirate’s Life for Me …………………………………………………………………… 4 The True Pirates ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Pirate Values …………………………………………………………………………… 5 A History of Nassau ……………………………………………………………………… 5 Woodes Rogers ………………………………………………………………………… 8 Outline of Topics ……………………………………………………………………………… 9 Topic One: Fortification of Nassau …………………………………………………… 9 Topic Two: Expulsion of the British Threat …………………………………………… 9 Topic Three: Ensuring the Future of Piracy in the Caribbean ………………………… 10 Character Guides …………………………………………………………………………… 11 Committee Mechanics ……………………………………………………………………… 16 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………… 18 1 Welcome from the Dais Dear delegates, My name is Elizabeth Bobbitt, and it is my pleasure to be serving as your director for The Republic of Pirates committee. In this committee, we will be looking at the Golden Age of Piracy, a period of history that has captured the imaginations of writers and filmmakers for decades. People have long been enthralled by the swashbuckling tales of pirates, their fame multiplied by famous books and movies such as Treasure Island, Pirates of the Caribbean, and Peter Pan. But more often than not, these portrayals have been misrepresentations, leading to a multitude of inaccuracies regarding pirates and their lifestyle. This committee seeks to change this. In the late 1710s, nearly all pirates in the Caribbean operated out of the town of Nassau, on the Bahamian island of New Providence. From there, they ravaged shipping lanes and terrorized the Caribbean’s law-abiding citizens, striking fear even into the hearts of the world’s most powerful empires. Eventually, the British had enough, and sent a man to rectify the situation — Woodes Rogers. In just a short while, Rogers was able to oust most of the pirates from Nassau, converting it back into a lawful British colony.
    [Show full text]
  • A Colonial Scottish Jacobite Family
    A COLONIAL SCOTTISH JACOBITE FAMILY THE ESTABLISHMENT IN VIRGINIA OF A BRANCH OF THE HUM-ES of WEDDERBURN Illustrated by Letters and Other Contemporary Documents By EDGAR ERSKINE HUME M. .A... lL D .• LL. D .• Dr. P. H. Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Member of the Virginia and Kentucky Historical Societies OLD DoKINION PREss RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 1931 COPYRIGHT 1931 BY EDGAR ERSKINE HUME .. :·, , . - ~-. ~ ,: ·\~ ·--~- .... ,.~ 11,i . - .. ~ . ARMS OF HUME OF WEDDERBURN (Painted by Mr. Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist to the Lyon Office). The arms are thus recorded in the Public ReJ?:ister of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland (Court of the Lord Lyon King of Arms) : Quarterly, first and fourth, Vert a lion rampant Argent, armed and langued Gules, for Hume; second Argent, three papingoes Vert, beaked and membered Gules, for Pepdie of Dunglass; third Argent, a cross enirrailed Azure for Sinclair of H erdmanston and Polwarth. Crest: A uni­ corn's head and neck couped Argent, collared with an open crown, horned and maned Or. Mottoes: Above the crest: Remember; below the shield: True to the End. Supporters: Two falcons proper. DEDICATED To MY PARENTS E. E. H., 1844-1911 AND M. S. H., 1858-1915 "My fathers that name have revered on a throne; My fathers have fallen to right it. Those fathers would scorn their degenerate son, That name should he scoffingly slight it . " -BORNS. CONTENTS PAGE Preface . 7 Arrival of Jacobite Prisoners in Virginia, 1716.......... 9 The Jacobite Rising of 1715. 10 Fate of the Captured Jacobites. 16 Trial and Conviction of Sir George Hume of Wedder- burn, Baronet .
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Baronetage of 1720," to Which [Erroneous] Statement Brydges Adds
    cs CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 524 374 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924092524374 : Complete JSaronetage. EDITED BY Gr. Xtl. C O- 1^ <»- lA Vi «_ VOLUME I. 1611—1625. EXETER WILLIAM POLLAKD & Co. Ltd., 39 & 40, NORTH STREET. 1900. Vo v2) / .|vt POirARD I S COMPANY^ CONTENTS. FACES. Preface ... ... ... v-xii List of Printed Baronetages, previous to 1900 xiii-xv Abbreviations used in this work ... xvi Account of the grantees and succeeding HOLDERS of THE BARONETCIES OF ENGLAND, CREATED (1611-25) BY JaMES I ... 1-222 Account of the grantees and succeeding holders of the baronetcies of ireland, created (1619-25) by James I ... 223-259 Corrigenda et Addenda ... ... 261-262 Alphabetical Index, shewing the surname and description of each grantee, as above (1611-25), and the surname of each of his successors (being Commoners) in the dignity ... ... 263-271 Prospectus of the work ... ... 272 PREFACE. This work is intended to set forth the entire Baronetage, giving a short account of all holders of the dignity, as also of their wives, with (as far as can be ascertained) the name and description of the parents of both parties. It is arranged on the same principle as The Complete Peerage (eight vols., 8vo., 1884-98), by the same Editor, save that the more convenient form of an alphabetical arrangement has, in this case, had to be abandoned for a chronological one; the former being practically impossible in treating of a dignity in which every holder may (and very many actually do) bear a different name from the grantee.
    [Show full text]
  • Shannondale Springs
    Shannondale Springs By William D. Theriault Like its competitors, Shannondale owed its patronage as much to its image and atmosphere as to the efficacy of its The Shannondale Springs resort, waters. Its fate depended as much on the located in Jefferson County, was one of owners' economic and political savvy as many eighteenth- and nineteenth-century on the staff's ability to stamp out a stray enterprises developed ostensibly to profit spark or sidestep the inevitable floods. from the curative powers of mineral This study explores the ownership, springs.1 The springs construction, and region ran the entire renovation of length of the Shannondale Springs Appalachian Chain and the factors from New York to contributing to its Alabama, with most growth, decline, and of the resorts being demise. located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of The site now known Virginia and along as Shannondale the Alleghenies in Springs was part of a West Virginia. much larger twenty- Springs varied in both nine thousand-acre temperature and tract called mineral content and "Shannandale" specific types were acquired in January thought to combat 1740 by William specific ills. Fairfax, nephew and Mineral springs agent of Thomas, began to gain Poster dated 1856 Lord Fairfax. In popularity in Virginia contemporary terms, during the mid-eighteenth century and Shannondale stretched along the continued to grow and prosper until the Shenandoah River from Castleman's Civil War. They began to prosper once Ferry in Clarke County, Virginia, to more at the end of the nineteenth century Harpers Ferry in present-day Jefferson and then declined again after World War County, West Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Age of Piracy Slideshow
    Golden Age of Piracy Golden Age of Piracy Buccaneering Age: 1650s - 1714 Buccaneers were early Privateers up to the end of the War of Spanish Succession Bases: Jamaica and Tortuga – Morgan, Kidd, Dampier THE GOLDEN AGE: 1715 to 1725 Leftovers from the war with no employment The age of history’s most famous pirates What makes it a Golden Age? 1. A time when democratic rebels thieves assumed sea power (through denial of the sea) over the four largest naval powers in the world - Britain, France, Spain, Netherlands 2. A true democracy • The only pure democracy in the Western World at the time • Captains are elected at a council of war • All had equal representation • Some ships went through 13 capts in 2 yrs • Capt had authority only in time of battle • Crews voted on where the ship went and what it did • Crews shared profit equally • Real social & political revolutionaries Pirate or Privateer? •Privateers were licensed by a government in times of war to attack and enemy’s commercial shipping – the license was called a Letter of Marque •The crew/owner kept a portion of what they captured, the government also got a share •Best way to make war at sea with a limited naval force •With a Letter of Marque you couldn’t be hanged as a pirate Letter of Marque for William Dampier in the St. George October 13, 1702 The National Archives of the UK http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhisto ry/journeys/voyage_html/docs/marque_stgeorge.htm (Transcript in Slide 57) The end of the War of Spanish Succession = the end of Privateering • Since 1701
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery in Ante-Bellum Southern Industries
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier SLAVERY IN ANTE-BELLUM SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES Series C: Selections from the Virginia Historical Society Part 1: Mining and Smelting Industries Editorial Adviser Charles B. Dew Associate Editor and Guide compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Slavery in ante-bellum southern industries [microform]. (Black studies research sources.) Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by Martin P. Schipper. Contents: ser. A. Selections from the Duke University Library / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Randolph Boehm—ser. B. Selections from the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill—ser. C. Selections from the Virginia Historical Society / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Martin P. Schipper. 1. Slave labor—Southern States—History—Sources. 2. Southern States—Industries—Histories—Sources. I. Dew, Charles B. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Duke University. Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm). V. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection. VI. Virginia Historical Society. HD4865 306.3′62′0975 91-33943 ISBN 1-55655-547-4 (ser. C : microfilm) CIP Compilation © 1996 by University Publications
    [Show full text]
  • Lord Fairfax Federal Treaty
    Lord Fairfax Federal Treaty towsAnimist accurately. Hebert talcs Hybrid unalterably. Sergei mistype, Rudolfo his is jambcutcha upgrade and assigns hays sottishly.subsidiarily as somatological Neel water-skiing merrily and Supreme Court has of view-court State-Law Judgments. However, no date of retrieval is that important. Garden; photo, Gavin Ashworth. For institutions inquiring about SARA related information or perhaps participate allow the National Council for State Authorization Reciprocity Agreements NC-SARA. Edmund then lived with his uncle Peyton Randolph, a prominent figure in Virginia politics. While George William Fairfax did not mention the floors in his inventory of the house, he appears to have listed them in the order one encountered them in the house. Words fail to tell all he has done. Blue Ridge near the Shenandoah River, but still within the boundaries of the grant. In confidence, I tell you that I never was in such an unhappy, divided state since I was born. Cutting to Thomas Jefferson. Martin, upon the same terms and conditions, and in the same form, as the other grants in fee before described; which lands were, soon after being so granted, reconveyed to Lord Fairfax in fee. With such exceptions, and under such regulations as Congress shall make. Federal Courts. His parents were Ariana Jenings and John Randolph. Marshall County Indiana Genealogy Trails. Centralized government is a system in which the power to make decisions is in the hands of only the executive leadership while a decentralized government means that power to make decisions is delegated to lower level officials as well. The Convention according to the order maybe the station again resolved itself into.
    [Show full text]
  • Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas R
    The Purdue Historian Volume 8 Article 5 2017 Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas R. Meeks Jr. Purdue University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian Part of the History Commons, and the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Meeks, Thomas R. Jr.. "Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy." The Purdue Historian 8, 1 (2017). http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian/vol8/iss1/5 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Cover Page Footnote A special thanks to Heidi and Jordan. This article is available in The urP due Historian: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/puhistorian/vol8/iss1/5 Meeks: Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Nurturing Nature During the Golden Age of Piracy Thomas Meeks Jr. History 395 [email protected] (847) 774-0721 Published by Purdue e-Pubs, 2017 1 The Purdue Historian, Vol. 8 [2017], Art. 5 th On June 7 , 1692, a cataclysmic earthquake ravaged the flourishing English town of Port Royal, Jamaica. Emmanuel Heath, a local reverend, described the event, “I found the ground rowling [growling] and moving under my feet... we heard the Church and Tower fall... and made toward Morgan’s Fort, which being a wide open place, I thought to be there securest from the falling houses; But as I made toward it, I saw the Earth open and swallow up a multitude of people, and the sea 1 mounting in upon us over the fortifications.” This historic natural disaster caused two-thirds of the city to be swallowed into the Caribbean Sea, killing an estimated 2,000 people at the time of the earthquake, and another 2,000 from injury, disease, and extreme lawlessness in the days following.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Fairfax County*
    A Brief History of Fairfax County* By Donald M. Sweig, PhD. Fairfax County Historian Before Fairfax County By the time the Englishman Captain John Smith explored and mapped the lands bordering the Potomac River in 1608 local Indians had been a settled agricultural people for almost two- thousand years. They lived along the many streams and rivers in Fairfax, especially the Occoquan and the Potomac. The major tribe living in what is now Fairfax was the Dogue (from which we get DogueCreek, etc.). Colonization In 1634, the Virginia House of Burgesses divided the colony into eight shires or counties for convenience in the administration of colonial law. As the population increased and spread north and west from the settlements on the James River, the original large counties were divided into smaller ones. Fairfax was first part of a district called Chicacoan. It later became part of several counties as the divisions continued: Northumberland (1645), Westmoreland (1653), Stafford (1664), Prince William (1730), and finally, in 1742, Fairfax County, much larger than we know it now. By 1690, this land had come into the control of the Fairfax family. Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax came to Virginia in 1737, installed his cousin, William Fairfax, as his land agent, and returned to England to defend his right to the land in the proprietary. By 1745, the English Privy Council had confirmed to Lord Fairfax the full extent of his proprietary, some 5,282,000 acres. Birth of a County It was William Fairfax who built the great Belvoir mansion (on land that is now the U.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Shannondale Springs, Part I
    History of Shannondale Springs William D. Theriault Copyright William D. Theriault, 2009 Individual copies of this work may be reproduced without charge as long as this source is clearly acknowledged. It may not be reproduced for resale without written permission of the author. Questions, comments, or corrections should be addressed to William D. Theriault, email: [email protected] Cover: Panoramic view from "Lovers Leap" Looking East, South, and West. Shannondale Springs in the foreground. From [Getzendanner, H.C.]. Shannondale Springs. Washington, DC: W.F. Roberts Co., ca. 1905. ii Preface A version of this study first appeared in West Virginia History, vol. 57 (1998). The following version has been updated to include additional illustrations and selections of primary source materials. The current study builds upon the previous studies of T.T. Perry ("Shannondale," an address given to the Jefferson County Historical Society, August 9, 1940) and Susan E. Winter ("A Short History of Shannondale Springs," January 23, 1983). The former work, an undocumented lecture, provides tantalizing references to sources in the author's private collection. Thus far many of the references have not been authenticated. The second work provides an extensive record of the property ownership of the entire Shannondale estate as well as an analysis of the newspaper sources available to the author. William D. Theriault, 2009 iii iv Contents Preface................................................................iii History of Shannondale Springs ...................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Going on the Account: Examining Golden Age Pirates As a Distinct
    GOING ON THE ACCOUNT: EXAMINING GOLDEN AGE PIRATES AS A DISTINCT CULTURE THROUGH ARTIFACT PATTERNING by Courtney E. Page December, 2014 Director of Thesis: Dr. Charles R. Ewen Major Department: Anthropology Pirates of the Golden Age (1650-1726) have become the stuff of legend. The way they looked and acted has been variously recorded through the centuries, slowly morphing them into the pirates of today’s fiction. Yet, many of the behaviors that create these images do not preserve in the archaeological environment and are just not good indicators of a pirate. Piracy is an illegal act and as a physical activity, does not survive directly in the archaeological record, making it difficult to study pirates as a distinct maritime culture. This thesis examines the use of artifact patterning to illuminate behavioral differences between pirates and other sailors. A framework for a model reflecting the patterns of artifacts found on pirate shipwrecks is presented. Artifacts from two early eighteenth century British pirate wrecks, Queen Anne’s Revenge (1718) and Whydah (1717) were categorized into five groups reflecting behavior onboard the ship, and frequencies for each group within each assemblage were obtained. The same was done for a British Naval vessel, HMS Invincible (1758), and a merchant vessel, the slaver Henrietta Marie (1699) for comparative purposes. There are not enough data at this time to predict a “pirate pattern” for identifying pirates archaeologically, and many uncontrollable factors negatively impact the data that are available, making a study of artifact frequencies difficult. This research does, however, help to reveal avenues of further study for describing this intriguing sub-culture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancestors and Descendants of Colonel David Funsten and His Wife Susan Everard Meade
    ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01239 20 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 https://archive.org/details/ancestorsdescendOOdura fr THE ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS V OF COLONEL DAVID FUNSTEN _ __ , ir , - ■ --r — - - - - -Tirri'-r — ■ ————— AND HIS WIFE SUSAN EVERARD MEADE Compiled for HORTENSE FUNSTEN DURAND by Howard S. F. Randolph Assistant Librarian New York Genealogical and Biographical Society • • • • • • • • * • • • • » • i e • • • • • % • • • i j > • • • • • • Zht ^nitktTbtxtktt ^Ttss NEW YORK % 1926 M. wvj r» A - 1 V\ s <0 vC V »*' 1560975 Copyright, 1926 by Hortense Funsten Durand Made in the United States of America £ -a- . t To MY FATHER AND THE MEMORY OF MY MOTHER ' - ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my gratitude and hearty thanks to my friend Howard S. F. Randolph, compiler of this book, not only for the tremendous amount of work he has done, but also for the unfailing enthusiasm with which he greeted each new phase and overcame the many difficulties which arose. Mr. Randolph and I are also deeply indebted to Mrs. P. H. Baskervill of Richmond, Va., for her gracious permis¬ sion to quote freely (as we have done) from the book “Andrew Meade, of Ireland and Virginia,” written by her late husband. The data thus obtained have been of in¬ calculable assistance in compiling this history. I also acknowledge with sincere appreciation the cordial and interested co-operation of the following relatives: Mrs. Edwin Hinks, Elk Ridge, Maryland; Mr. Robert M. Ward, Winchester, Virginia; Miss Edith W. Smith, Denver, Colorado; Mrs. Montrose P. McArdle, Webster Grove, Missouri; Mr. William Meade Fletcher, Sperryville, Virginia; and last but not least to my father, Robert Emmett Fun- sten, for his interesting and valuable personal recollections.
    [Show full text]