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Zero to Three

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Zero to Three Zero to Three A Report for the Hemera Foundation Report first published September 4, 2013 ZERO TO THREE 1 Since 1987, JVA has worked with social innovators to strengthen their communities. We have collaborated with public schools to launch innovative programs to attract and retain quality teachers; we have helped raise millions of dollars to support quality healthcare for the uninsured and underinsured; we have worked to expand the effectiveness and ability of hundreds of nonprofit organizations to provide needed human services; and we have convened community leaders and stakeholders to talk about a myriad of community issues and to find creative solutions. Our success is the result of big ideas, the power of relationships, and the tenacity and courage to stop at nothing short of changing the world—one person, one group, and one dream at a time. Learn more about JVA at www.jvaconsulting.com ZERO TO THREE 2 Acknowledgements Authors JVA would like to acknowledge the time and Angie White Davlyn, Ph.D. contribution of the numerous early childhood development experts who agreed to share their Laura I. Morales, M.A. knowledge with JVA’s research and evaluation Annette Shtivelband Ph.D. cand team. Whether through interviews, or sharing of pre-publication manuscripts or other resources, Becky Kester, M.Ed. your contribution helped produce a report that Meghan M. Camp, M.P.A. will contribute to the efforts being made to create a better start for children. JVA would also Robert D. Jakubowski, Ph.D. like to thank the Hemera Foundation for its support of this project and many other zero to Janine Vanderburg, J.D. three child development efforts being made across the United States. Finally, JVA would like to acknowledge that this work would not have been possible without the support of Rob Kaufold, Chief Financial Officer at the Hemera Foundation. Report first published September 4, 2013 ZERO TO THREE 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 5 Why Zero to Three? ................................................................................................................ 9 The Research Landscape: Key Factors in Early Childhood Development ................................ 11 Early Research on Zero to Three (and beyond) ............................................................................... 11 Poverty and Early Childhood Development .................................................................................... 12 The Early Language Environment .................................................................................................... 14 Comprehensive Developmental Frameworks ................................................................................. 17 Neuroscience and Early Development ............................................................................................ 18 Stress ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Parent-Child Interaction ................................................................................................................. 21 Parent education programs ............................................................................................................... 25 Implications of Waiting to Intervene .............................................................................................. 26 The Current Landscape: Programming That Works ............................................................... 28 Focusing on Self-Regulation ........................................................................................................... 28 Utilizing Home Visitation ................................................................................................................ 30 Spotlight on Brazelton’s Touchpoints ................................................................................................. 32 Building Enriched Learning Environments ....................................................................................... 32 Spotlight on Educare .......................................................................................................................... 35 Engaging Informal Care Providers: The Family, Friend and Neighbor Community ........................... 36 Ideal Dosage and Timing of Programs and Interventions ................................................................ 38 Possibilities and Challenges ............................................................................................................ 40 Early Childhood Development Discussion: Poised for Action .......................................................... 41 Colorado Collaboration .................................................................................................................. 45 Future Implications ........................................................................................................................ 47 PART 3: Where Do We Go From Here? .................................................................................. 50 Recommendations for the Future ................................................................................................... 50 1. Support quality programs and care for zero to three .................................................................. 51 2. Strengthen and develop early childhood networks and infrastructure ........................................ 54 3. Optimize delivery methods and approaches ............................................................................... 55 4. Evaluate and measure program effectiveness and success .......................................................... 58 5. Facilitate program sustainability and build community capacity ................................................. 59 6. Promote research and development innovation ......................................................................... 60 Closing Remarks ................................................................................................................... 63 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 74 Appendix A: List of Expert Interviewees (alphabetical) ................................................................... 74 Appendix B: Expert Interview Protocol ........................................................................................... 75 Appendix C: Impact of the Sequester .............................................................................................. 76 Appendix D: Description of Programs Included in Crosswalk .......................................................... 77 Brazelton Touchpoints Center (1996) ................................................................................................ 77 Bright Beginnings (1995) .................................................................................................................... 77 ZERO TO THREE 4 Clayton Early Learning Center (1910 approx.) ................................................................................... 77 Early Head Start (1994) ...................................................................................................................... 78 Early Steps to School Success (ESSS): Save the Children (1932) ........................................................ 78 Educare (2003) ................................................................................................................................... 79 Family Star Montessori (1991) ........................................................................................................... 79 Healthy Families America (1992) ....................................................................................................... 80 Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) (1984 in U.S.) ................................. 80 How to Read to Your Baby (2006) ...................................................................................................... 80 Love and Logic (1977) ........................................................................................................................ 81 Montessori Education ........................................................................................................................ 81 Nurse Family Partnership (1978) ....................................................................................................... 82 Ounce of Prevention (home visits and doula programs) (1982) ........................................................ 82 Parents as Teachers (1981) ................................................................................................................ 83 Providers Advancing School Outcomes (PASO) (2006) ...................................................................... 83 Reach Out and Read (1989) ............................................................................................................... 83 Tools of the Mind (1993) ................................................................................................................... 84 Appendix E: Existing Metrics for Measuring and Evaluating Early Childhood Programming ............. 85 ZERO TO THREE 5 INTRODUCTION Over the past 50 years, significant research has been conducted on the factors that influence the healthy
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