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842 Karakteristik Beach Rocks Di Pantai Sadranan

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842 Karakteristik Beach Rocks Di Pantai Sadranan PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 PERSPEKTIF ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM KAJIAN BENCANA GEOLOGI DI INDONESIA 5 – 6 SEPTEMBER 2018, GRHA SABHA PRAMANA KARAKTERISTIK BEACH ROCKS DI PANTAI SADRANAN, KECAMATAN TEPUS, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Muhammad Hidayat1 Anastasia Dewi Titisari2* 1Departemen Teknik Geologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2*Departemen Teknik Geologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRAK Tidak seperti pantai lain di sepanjang pantai selatan Pulau Jawa, di pantai Sadranan, Kecamatan Tepus, Kabupaten Gunungkidul dapat dijumpai beach rocks. Beach rocks merupakan batuan sedimen yang belum terkonsolidasi ataupun yang sudah terkonsolidasi yang terdiri dari campuran endapan berukuran butir kerikil sampai pasir yang disemen oleh mineral karbonat dan terbentuk di sepanjang garis pantai. Oleh karenanya, istilah beach rocks umumnya dipakai untuk endapan yang berumur Kuarter. Mengacu pada peta geologi regional Lembar Surakarta – Giritontro (Surono et al., 1992), beach rocks di sepanjang pantai Sadranan dimasukkan ke dalam Formasi Wonosari – Punung yang berumur Miosen Tengah sampai Miosen Atas. Pantai selatan Jawa dikenal dengan ombaknya yang besar, menyebabkan proses abrasi menjadi sangat intensif sehingga keterdapatan beach rocks di Pantai Sadranan menjadi menarik untuk diteliti karakteristiknya. Singkapan di lapangan menunjukkan beach rocks pantai Sadranan tersebar secara setempat-setempat, sejajar dengan garis pantai. Beach rocks tersebut memperlihatkan warna putih kekuningan, dengan ukuran butir bervariasi dari kerikil sampai pasir, sortasi sedang, bentuk butiran subangular-subrounded, struktur kompak, dengan butiran yang berukuran kasar disusun oleh pecahan cangkang fosil dan koral, sedangkan butiran yang berukuran pasir kasar sampai pasir sedang didominasi oleh fosil yang berbentuk subrounded. Hasil pengamatan petrografi, memperlihatkan beach rocks bertekstur grain supported dengan fragmen yang berukuran lebih dari 2 mm didominasi oleh pecahan cangkang fosil dan koral, dan butiran yang berukuran pasir didominasi oleh Baculogypsina sphaerulata. Penelitian ini merupakan studi tahap awal dari penelitian karakteristik beach rocks pantai Sadranan yang akan dilanjutkan dengan penelitian lebih detail pada karakteristik geokimianya. Kata Kunci : beach rocks, karakteristik, pantai sadranan, baculogypsina sphaerulata 1. Pendahuluan Formasi Wonosari-Punung telah banyak menjadi subjek penelitian geologi, diantaranya penelitian-penelitian mengenai : perkembangan Formasi Wonosari pada kala Miosen (Lokier 1999), fasies terumbu Formasi Wonosari (Siregar et al., 2004), sekuen stratigrafi dan diagenesa batuan karbonat Formasi Wonosari (Jauhari & Toha, 2005), lingkungan pengendapan batuan karbonat Formasi Wonosari daerah timur Pacitan (Mukti et al., 2005), paleo-reef Punung (Premonowati et al., 2012), batugamping merah Formasi Wonosari- Punung di daerah Ponjong (Titisari & Atmoko, 2015, Atmoko et al., 206), dan batugamping merah Formasi Wonosari-Punung di pantai Siung (Titisari & Hendrawan, 2017). Namun penelitian mengenai beach rocks yang dijumpai di pantai Sadranan Formasi Wonosari- Punung belum pernah menjadi subjek penelitian geologi. Beach rocks yang dijumpai di pantai Sadranan tersebar secara setempat-setempat, sejajar dengan garis pantai dan berdimensi luas sekitar 10-30 m2. Pantai selatan Jawa dikenal dengan ombaknya yang besar, menyebabkan proses abrasi menjadi sangat intensif sehingga keterdapatan beach rocks di Pantai Sadranan menjadi menarik untuk diteliti karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik petrografi beach rocks pantai 842 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 Sadranan PdEaRnSPmEKerTuIFpaILkManU KtEaBhUapMaInANaDwAaLlAMdaKrAiJIApeNnBeEliNtiCaAnNAkaGrEaOkLteOrGiIstDikI INbDeOaNchESIrAock pantai Sadranan yang pada ta5ha–p6aSnEPpTeEnMeBliEtiRan201b8e,rGikRuHtAnySAaBHakAaPnRAdMilAaNnAjutkan lebih detail pada penelitian karakteristik geokimianya. 1.1. Lokasi penelitian Lokasi penelitian berada di wilayah sekitar Kecamatan Tepus, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta di pantai Sadranan (Gambar 1). Lokasi penelitian dapat dicapai melalui jalur darat menggunakan kendaraan bermotor melalui Jalan Wonosari menuju pantai Sadranan yang berjarak ±70 km dari Kota Yogyakarta. 1.2. Geologi regional 1.2.1. Fisiografi Van Bemmelen (1949) membagi Jawa bagian timur dan Madura menjadi 7 zona fisiografi, yaitu Zona Pegunungan Selatan, Zona Solo, Zona Kendeng, Zona Randublatung, Zona Rembang, Dataran Aluvial Jawa Utara, dan Gunungapi Kuarter. Dari ke tujuh zona tersebut, zona yang paling relevan dengan daerah penelitian adalah Zona Pegunungan Selatan. Zona Pegunungan Selatan merupakan suatu blok yang terangkat dan termiringkan ke arah selatan. Zona ini membentang mulai dari Pantai Parangtritis di sebelah barat hingga Semenanjung Blambangan di sebelah timur. Zona Pegunungan Selatan dibatasi oleh gawir yang kompleks di sebelah utara dan Samudera Hindia di sebelah selatan. Lebar Zona Pegunungan Selatan sekitar 25 km (selatan Blitar) hingga 55 km (selatan Surakarta) (Van Bemmelen, 1949). Van Bemmelen (1949) membagi Zona Pegunungan Selatan menjadi 3 subzona, yaitu Subzona Utara, Subzona Tengah, dan Subzona Selatan. Subzona Utara merupakan lajur - lajur pegunungan yang tersusun oleh batuan volkanik berelief kuat, yang terdiri dari lajur Baturagung, lajur Panggung, lajur Plopoh, dan lajur Kambengan. Subzona Tengah merupakan suatu dataran tinggi di daerah Wonosari dan Baturetno. Subzona Selatan tersusun oleh batugamping yang membentuk bentang alam kars atau biasa disebut sebagai Gunung Sewu. Subzona Gunung Sewu dibatasi oleh gawir – gawir erosi di bagian selatan dan berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia. Sementara, Subzona Gunung Sewu di bagian utara berbatasan dengan Cekungan Wonosari, Cekungan Baturetno, dan lajur Panggung. Subzona Gunung Sewu didominasi oleh batuan karbonat Formasi Wonosari-Punung yang membentuk perbukitan kars dengan orientasi timut tenggara – barat barat laut. Mengacu pada pembagian zona dan subzona tersebut, daerah penelitian dapat dikategorikan dalam Zona Pegunungan Subzona Selatan, subzone Gunung Sewu bagian selatan. 1.2.2. Stratigrafi Menurut Toha et al. (1994), stratigrafi regional daerah Pegunungan Selatan dari tua ke muda adalah Formasi Kebo-Butak, Formasi Besole, Formasi Mandalika, Formasi Semilir, Formasi Nglanggran, Formasi Sambipitu, Formasi Oyo, Formasi Jaten, Formasi Wuni, Formasi Nampol, Formasi Wonosari-Punung dan Formasi Kepek. Urut - urutan stratigrafi penyusun Zona Pegunungan Selatan dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. Mengacu pada peta geologi regional Lembar Surakarta – Giritontro (Surono et al., 1992), formasi batuan yang berasosiasi dengan kondisi di Pantai Sradanan dan sekitarnya adalah Formasi Wonosari – Punung. Formasi ini terusun oleh 2 fasies, yaitu fasies karbonat dan fasies klastika. Fasies karbonat tersusun oleh batugamping terumbu, batugamping bioklastik, batugamping pasiran, dan napal. Fasies karbonat diendapkan pada lingkungan paparan pada umur Miosen Tengah – Miosen Akhir (N9 – N16). Fasies klastika tersusun oleh perselingan batupasir tufan, batupasir gampingan, batulanau, dan 843 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-11 serpih.PEFRasSiPeEsKkTlIaFsItLikMaUbKeErBuUmMuIrAMN DioAsLeAnMAKkAhJiIrAN(NB1E5N)CdAaNnAtGeEreOnLdOaGpIkDaInINpDaOdNaEpSaIlAeobatimetri neritik luar (Sartono,51–964S)E.PTEMBER 2018, GRHA SABHA PRAMANA 1.2.3. Struktur geologi Menurut Sudarno (1997), struktur geologi yang berkembang di Pegunungan Selatan terdiri dari 4 pola, yaitu pola Meratus, pola Sunda, pola Jawa, dan pola antitetik Meratus. Pola antitetik Meratus merupakan kelompok struktur – struktur geologi yang memiliki orientasi barat laut – tenggara. Struktur – struktur ini sebagian besar berupa sesar geser dekstral yang terbentuk akibat gaya kompresi pada umur Pliosen. Sedangkan mengacu pada peta Lembar Surakarta – Giritontro (Surono et al., 1992), tidak ada struktur geologi regional yang berkembang mempengaruhi daerah penelitian (Gambar 3). 1.3. Geologi daerah penelitian Daerah penelitian merupakan terletak di pantai Selatan Pulau Jawa. Jika mengacu pada peta geologi regional lembar Surakarta – Giritontro (Surono, dkk. 1992) (Gambar 3) yang berskala 1:100.000, daerah penelitian terpetakan sebagian dari Formasi Wonosari- Punung. Dengan melihat pola-pola sumbu secara yang ada secara geomorfologi pada Gambar 3, daerah penelitian bisa dikelompokkan ke dalam daerah yang berlereng landai. 2. Metode Penelitian 2.1.Bahan atau materi penelitian Materi yang akan diteliti adalah singkapan beach rocks di Pantai Sradanan dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Tepus, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Sampel beach rocks yang diambil dari lapangan akan dianalisis petrografis. 2.2.Prosedur penelitian Penelitian dapat dibagi menjadi 4 tahapan penelitian yaitu : 2.2.1. Tahap pendahuluan Pada tahap ini dilakukan studi pustaka dengan mempelajari landasan teori yang mendukung penelitian ini, mencari informasi mengenai penelitian-penelitian yang pernah dilakukan di daerah Gunungkidul, mencari peta geologi daerah Sadranan dan mengadakan peta topografi serta peta rupa bumi daerah penelitian yang akan digunakan sebagai peta dasar dalam pekerjaan lapangan, dan melakukan reconnaissance pada lokasi penelitian. 2.2.2. Tahap pekerjaan lapangan Pada tahapan ini dilakukan pembuatan parit atau horizontal – vertical section (sedalam ± 1 m, lebar ±1 m, dan panjang ±5 m) dan memanjang lateral ke arah laut sebanyak 2 buah. Pada puritan tersebut dilakukan pengambilan
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