Baltimore Symphony Orchestra 1942, He Had No Idea It Would Become One of His Joan Tower (B
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CAL PERFORMANCES PRESENTS PROGRAM NOTES Friday, March 30, 2012, 8pm Aaron Copland (1900–1990) for their entrance music on tour. And even now, Zellerbach Hall Fanfare for the Common Man (1942) when we have heard it so many times, it never fails to raise the adrenaline. When Aaron Copland submitted a three-min- ute fanfare to the Cincinnati Symphony in late Baltimore Symphony Orchestra 1942, he had no idea it would become one of his Joan Tower (b. 1938) Marin Alsop, music director & conductor most famous pieces—in fact one of the most fa- Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman mous pieces ever written by an American classi- (1987–1992) with cal composer. World War II had been raging for years, and in 1942, there was little to celebrate And now a salute to the other half of the audience! Colin Currie, percussion on the Allied side. As a morale booster, Eugene A quiet revolution has taken place in classi- Goossens, Cincinnati’s music director, decid- cal music over the past few decades: at long last, ed to commission a series of 18 fanfares from women have successfully begun to infiltrate the America’s most prominent composers—includ- male-dominated fields of conducting and com- PROGRAM ing Morton Gould, Howard Hanson, William posing. Joan Tower is both, but it is her creative Grant Still and Virgil Thomson—to open each work that has won her a prominent place in the of the orchestra’s 1942–1943 season concerts. American contemporary music scene. Her vi- Aaron Copland (1900–1990) Fanfare for the Common Man (1942) Upon receiving the score, Goossens wrote brant, energetic, and often highly dramatic mu- Copland: “Its title is as original as its music.” sic has been commissioned and/or performed by The composer had considered a number of pos- major orchestras from New York to Tokyo. Joan Tower (b. 1938) Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman (1987–1992) sibilities, among them Fanfare for the Spirit of “Creating ‘high-energy’ music is one of my Democracy and Fanfare for the Rebirth of Lidice special talents,” Tower says. “I like to see just (a Czech town that had been destroyed by the how high I can push a work’s energy level with- Jennifer Higdon (b. 1962) Percussion Concerto (2004) Nazis that year). Finally, he settled on Fanfare out making it chaotic or incoherent.” Certainly Colin Currie, percussion for the Common Man. As he said, “It was the this is true of her Fanfare for the Uncommon common man, after all, who was doing all the Woman, which has become her most frequent- dirty work in the war and the army. He deserved ly performed piece (played by more than 500 INTERMISSION a fanfare.” ensembles since its premiere by the Houston The music—scored for four horns, three Symphony in 1987). trumpets, three trombones, tuba and percus- Its title, of course, is a play on Copland’s Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major, Op. 100 (1944) sion—combined full-throated splendor with a Fanfare. And it even shares the same instrumen- sturdy, unvarnished pride that seemed an ideal tation: three trumpets, four horns, three trom- Andante tonal personification of the average G.I. Joe. Its bones, tuba, timpani, and two percussionists Allegro moderato brass writing emphasized big, rangy intervals, playing a very loud battery including tam-tams Adagio and its powerful, equally prominent part for (gongs). Tower has long been a fan of Copland’s Allegro giocoso timpani expressed virile force. Perhaps hoping music, and so when she received a commission to that this inspiring music would not be forgotten write a short work for the Houston Symphony’s Major program support for the BSO’s season-long celebration of revolutionary women after one performance in Cincinnati, Copland Fanfare Project, she originally wanted to create a is generously provided by Marin Alsop. also made it the focal point of the finale of his tribute to him. But ultimately her fanfare adopt- Third Symphony, composed between 1944 and ed a feminist message; it celebrates, in Tower’s Support for this program is generously provided by the National Endowment for the Arts. 1946 as the Allies swept to victory. words, “women who take risks and are adventur- He needn’t have worried. Fanfare for the ous.” And it is dedicated to just such a woman: Common Man quickly became a favorite of brass the Baltimore Symphony’s Marin Alsop. players everywhere, and not just in America. The This performance is made possible, in part, by the support of our Lead Community Partner, young television industry adopted it for sporting Bank of America, and by Patron Sponsors Earl F. and June Cheit. events, political conventions, and the achieve- ments of the space program. Popular musicians Cal Performances’ 2011–2012 season is sponsored by Wells Fargo. loved it, and the Rolling Stones appropriated it 4 CAL PERFORMANCES CAL PERFORMANCES 5 PROGRAM NOTES PROGRAM NOTES Jennifer Higdon (b. 1962) the Indianapolis Symphony, and the Dallas section enters, mimicking the gestures of the this momentous time in their history with music Percussion Concerto (2004) Symphony; it received its premiere in November soloist. Only after this dialogue has been es- that paid tribute both to the terrible suffering 2005 by the Philadelphians led by Christoph tablished does the orchestra enter. There is sig- they had experienced and to the victory that Jennifer Higdon also represents the Baltimore Eschenbach with Colin Currie as soloist. nificant interplay between the soloist and the would soon be theirs. Symphony’s seasonal theme of adventurous Written for Currie, it is dedicated to him “with orchestra with a fairly beefy accompaniment in Prokofiev, too, had reached a personal turn- women, for she has successfully broken the bar- great admiration.” the orchestral part, but at various times the mu- ing point. Since he returned from the West to riers of classical composition, until recently a Higdon has provided the following guide to sic comes back down to the sound of the solo- the Soviet Union in 1936, he had struggled to field exclusively for men. The year 2010 was a the Concerto: ist and the percussion section playing together adjust to Stalin’s cultural whims. Now for a banner year for Higdon: she won the coveted “The 20th century saw the development of without orchestra. brief moment, he was at the apex of his career: Pulitzer Prize for Music for her Violin Concerto the percussion section as no other section in the “Eventually, the music moves through a slow no longer a suspiciously watched “foreigner” but for Hilary Hahn, and she won a Grammy Award orchestra. Both the music and the performers lyrical section, which requires simultaneous the voice of the Russian people. Later, Prokofiev for Best Contemporary Classical Composition grew in visibility as well as in capability. And… bowing and mallet playing by the soloist, and commented that the Fifth Symphony was “very for a recording by Colin Currie, Marin Alsop, the appearance and growth of the percussion then a return to the fast section, where a cadenza important not only for the musical material that and the London Philharmonic of her brilliant concerto as a genre exploded during the latter ensues with both the soloist and the percussion went into it, but because I was returning to the Percussion Concerto, which we hear tonight. half of the century. section. A dramatic close to the cadenza leads symphonic form after a break of 16 years. The Now a prolific composer in constant de- “My Percussion Concerto follows the nor- back to the orchestra’s opening material and the Fifth Symphony is the culmination of an entire mand for new works by major orchestras and mal relationship of a dialogue between soloist eventual conclusion of the work.” period of my work. I conceived of it as a sym- ensembles all over America, Higdon also man- and orchestra. In this work, however, there is an phony on the greatness of the human soul.” ages to pursue careers as a virtuoso flute play- additional relationship, with the soloist interact- Oddly, it had been easier to be a composer er, a conductor, and a very popular teacher of ing extensively with the percussion section. The Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) in the Soviet Union during World War II then composition at Philadelphia’s Curtis Institute ability of performers has grown to such an ex- Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major, in the years before or after: Stalin was too busy of Music (she holds the Milton L. Rock Chair tent that it has become possible to have sections Op. 100 (1944) prosecuting the war to worry about subversive in Compositional Studies). Her roots at Curtis within the orchestra interact at the same level as artists. Retreats far from the front lines were run deep, for she earned an artist’s diploma the soloist. The premiere of Prokofiev’s Symphony No. 5 in set aside for Soviet creators, and Prokofiev had in composition there (studying with Ned “When writing a concerto, I think of two Moscow on January 13, 1945, was an occasion spent most of 1944 at a “House of Creative Rorem), before moving on to the University of things: the particular soloist for whom I am charged with emotion. The great Soviet pianist Work” near Ivanovo, west of Moscow, with oth- Pennsylvania for master’s and doctoral degrees writing and the nature of the solo instrument. In Sviatoslav Richter vividly recalled the moment er leading composers, including Shostakovich, in composition, studying with the prominent the case of percussion, this means a large battery as Prokofiev mounted the podium: “He stood Glière and Khachaturian.