DOCSLIB.ORG

Canada Case Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

IP TELEPHONY AND THE INTERNET: CANADA CASE STUDY January 2001 This case has been prepared by Craig McTaggart, Graduate Fellow, Centre for Innovation Law & Policy, University of Toronto Faculty of Law <[email protected]>. IP Telephony and the Internet is part of a series of country case studies produced in connection with the Third World Telecommunication Policy Forum (WTPF) on IP Telephony, Geneva, 7-9 March 2001. The WTPF case studies programme is under the direction of Dr. Ben Petrazzini, <[email protected]> Regulatory Affairs Advisor, Strategy and Policy Unit (SPU), ITU. Other IP Telephony cases, including China, Colombia, Republic of Korea, Peru and Thailand, can be found at <http://www.itu.int/wtpf/casestudies/>. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Telecommunication Union, its membership, or the Canadian government. © ITU 2001 ii Contents Summary .................................................................................... 1 1. Country background ............................................................... 3 1.1 Geography and demographics ..............................................3 1.2 Political system ...................................................................4 1.3 Economy.............................................................................5 2. The Canadian telecommunication sector ............................... 6 2.1 Historical perspective and structure ......................................6 2.2 Responsibility for telecommunication policy and regulation ......6 2.2.1 Policy authority: Industry Canada ......................................... 6 2.2.2 Regulatory authority: CRTC .................................................. 7 2.3 The transition to competition ................................................8 2.4 International competition .....................................................8 2.5 Universal service support: The contribution regime ................9 2.5.1 Contribution reform............................................................. 10 2.5.2 The old regime (until 31 December 2000) ............................ 10 2.5.3 The new regime (from 1 January 2001) ............................... 11 2.6 Major market segments and indicators ................................ 13 2.6.1 Wireless .............................................................................. 14 2.6.2 Long distance ...................................................................... 14 2.6.3 International ....................................................................... 14 3. The Canadian Internet sector ............................................... 18 3.1 Historical perspective and structure .................................... 18 3.1.1 Early institutional networking ............................................... 18 3.1.2 Commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs) ..................... 19 3.1.3 The Internet at work ........................................................... 20 3.1.4 Broadband/high-speed Internet ........................................... 20 3.1.5 Free ISPs ......................................................................... 21 3.2 Internet use ..................................................................... 21 3.3 Regulatory status of Internet services ................................ 21 3.3.1 Contribution exemption for Internet services ....................... 22 3.3.2 Impact of contribution reform on Internet services .............. 22 3.3.3 Access to broadband facilities .............................................. 22 3.3.4 Internet content .................................................................. 23 3.3.5 Internet technical infrastructureThe .ca domain ................. 23 3.4 National Internet connectivity ............................................. 25 3.5 International Internet connectivity ...................................... 25 3.6 Public networking .............................................................. 25 3.7 Advanced networking ........................................................ 26 4. IP Telephony in Canada ....................................................... 30 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................... 30 4.2 Regulatory status of IP Telephony in Canada ....................... 30 iii 4.2.1 General .............................................................................. 30 4.2.2 CRTC decisions on IP Telephony.......................................... 31 4.2.3 International licensing regime.............................................. 33 4.2.4 IP Telephony under the new contribution regime .................. 36 4.3 The IP Telephony services market ....................................... 37 4.3.1 Indicators ........................................................................... 37 4.3.2 General views ..................................................................... 38 4.3.3 Local ................................................................................... 38 4.3.4 Wireless .............................................................................. 40 4.3.5 Long distance/international .................................................. 40 4.3.6 Enterprise networks ............................................................ 45 4.3.7 Carrier backbones .............................................................. 45 4.4 Impact of IP Telephony on existing telecommunication environment ......................................... 45 5. Conclusion............................................................................. 51 Annex I: List of people interviewed ........................................... 53 Annex II: List of acronyms ........................................................ 55 Figures 1: Telecommunication service industry key players .................. 13 2: Telecommunication services revenue by source, 1999.......... 14 3: Wireless subscribers, 1990-2000 ........................................ 15 4: Domestic long-distance services revenues, 1992-1999 ........ 15 5: International telecommunication traffic, 1995-1999 ............ 16 6: Internet Service Providers, 2000 ......................................... 19 7: Internet subscribers, 1999 ................................................... 20 Table 1: Some key facts about Canada ................................................. 4 Boxes 1: Telephone service in high-cost serving areas .......................... 7 2: Telecommunications Act: Key definitions ............................... 12 3: CRTC New Media decision .................................................. 24 4: Industry Canada news release: Connecting Canadians ...... 27 5: Regulatory rules for ISPs under the old contribution regime . 33 6: Revised Class A and B Basic International Telecommunications Services (BITS) licences .......................... 35 iv 7: Bell Canadas views on migration of voice traffic to packet-switched networks .................................................... 39 8: GT Group Telecom VoIP: not ready for prime time .......... 41 9: Gold Line Telemanagement Discount circuit-switched services ............................................ 42 10: Yapalot Communications Discount VoIP services ............. 43 11: Teleglobes views on migration of voice traffic to packet-switched networks .................................................... 44 12: Algonquin College VoIP network ......................................... 46 13: Bell Canadas views on IP Telephony in the Canadian telecommunications environment ............................... 47 14: CRTC announces that it will look at emerging technologies once more pressing issues are settled .................. 52 v SUMMARY Summary Canada has a highly competitive local, wireless, long distance, and telecommunication services sector, international) combined with all IP supervised by a proactive regulator Telephony public offerings from other acting under pro-competitive govern- types of carriers, while not substantiated ment policy. Canadians enjoy some of by any statistics, is generally thought the highest quality and lowest priced to be less than 1 per cent. telecommunication services in the While there has been relatively little world. This has been accomplished in commercial activity in Canada relating spite of the countrys immense size, to IP Telephony, there has been often harsh climatic conditions, and comparatively much more regulatory low average population density. activity. The possibility that packetized Canadian telecommunication policy speech technology, such as Voice over has always stressed the importance IP (VoIP), might be used to bypass of universal service. As competition the contribution regime has spurred has replaced monopoly, the system the regulator explicitly to address the employed to support that objective regulatory status of Internet and IP- (known as contribution) has become based services on several occasions. the most important remaining aspect Technological neutrality is a key of the regulatory regime. principle of Canadas telecommu- Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony came nications regulatory regime. The to prominence worldwide after most contribution collection mechanism was telecommunication markets were very recently (1 January 2001) already liberalized in Canada. As such, reformed to preserve that principle by IP Telephony has almost no history of switching from a per-minute charge being used as a means of bypassing on long-distance
Recommended publications
  • International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications International Services Benchmarking

    International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications International Services Benchmarking

    telecoms.qxd 9/03/99 10:06 AM Page 1 International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications International Services Benchmarking March 1999 Commonwealth of Australia 1999 ISBN 0 646 33589 8 This work is subject to copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, the work may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for commercial use or sale requires prior written permission from AusInfo. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Legislative Services, AusInfo, GPO Box 1920, Canberra, ACT, 2601. Inquiries: Media and Publications Productivity Commission Locked Bag 2 Collins Street East Post Office Melbourne Vic 8003 Tel: (03) 9653 2244 Fax: (03) 9653 2303 Email: [email protected] An appropriate citation for this paper is: Productivity Commission 1999, International Benchmarking of Australian Telecommunications Services, Research Report, AusInfo, Melbourne, March. The Productivity Commission The Productivity Commission, an independent Commonwealth agency, is the Government’s principal review and advisory body on microeconomic policy and regulation. It conducts public inquiries and research into a broad range of economic and social issues affecting the welfare of Australians. The Commission’s independence is underpinned by an Act of Parliament. Its processes and outputs are open to public scrutiny and are driven by concern for the wellbeing of the community as a whole. Information on the Productivity Commission, its publications and its current work program can be found on the World Wide Web at www.pc.gov.au or by contacting Media and Publications on (03) 9653 2244.
  • APPENDICES to the Evidence of Michael Piaskoski Rogers Communications Partnership

    APPENDICES to the Evidence of Michael Piaskoski Rogers Communications Partnership

    EB-2015-0141 Ontario Energy Board IN THE MATTER OF the Ontario Energy Board Act, 1998, S.O. 1998, c.15, (Schedule B); AND IN THE MATTER OF Decision EB-2013-0416/EB- 2014-0247 of the Ontario Energy Board (the “OEB”) issued March 12, 2015 approving distribution rates and charges for Hydro One Networks Inc. (“Hydro One”) for 2015 through 2017, including an increase to the Pole Access Charge; AND IN THE MATTER OF the Decision of the OEB issued April 17, 2015 setting the Pole Access Charge as interim rather than final; AND IN THE MATTER OF the Decision and Order issued June 30, 2015 by the OEB granting party status to Rogers Communications Partnership, Allstream Inc., Shaw Communications Inc., Cogeco Cable Inc., on behalf of itself and its affiliate, Cogeco Cable Canada LP, Quebecor Media, Bragg Communications, Packet-tel Corp., Niagara Regional Broadband Network, Tbaytel, Independent Telecommunications Providers Association (ITPA) and Canadian Cable Systems Alliance Inc. (CCSA) (collectively, the “Carriers”); AND IN THE MATTER OF Procedural Order No. 4 of the OEB issued October 26, 2015 setting dates for, inter alia, evidence of the Carriers. APPENDICES to the Evidence of Michael Piaskoski Rogers Communications Partnership November 20, 2015 EB-2015-0141 APPENDIX A to the Evidence of Michael Piaskoski Rogers Communications Partnership November 20, 2015 Michael E. Piaskoski SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS Eight years in Rogers Regulatory proceeded by 12 years as a telecom lawyer specializing in regulatory, competition and commercial matters. Bright, professional and ambitious performer who continually exceeds expectations. Expertise in drafting cogent, concise and easy-to-understand regulatory and legal filings and litigation materials.
  • Initial Planning Document NPA 604 Numbering Relief

    Initial Planning Document NPA 604 Numbering Relief

    Initial Planning Document NPA 604 Numbering Relief 250 604 CNA Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC Canada) July 27, 1999 As Presented on 24 September 1999 INITIAL PLANNING DOCUMENT NPA 604 NUMBERING RELIEF JULY 27, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 3. CENTRAL OFFICE CODE EXHAUST .................................................................................................... 2 4. CODE RELIEF METHODS...................................................................................................................... 3 4.1. Geographic Split.............................................................................................................................. 3 4.1.1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1.2. General Attributes ........................................................................................................................ 4 4.2. Distributed Overlay .......................................................................................................................... 4 4.2.1. Definition .....................................................................................................................................
  • PART a Definitions and General Terms 5 ITEM 100

    PART a Definitions and General Terms 5 ITEM 100

    iTeraTEL Communications CRTC 15190 ACCESS SERVICES TARIFF Original Title Page ACCESS SERVICES TARIFF This Tariff sets out the rates, terms and conditions applicable to the interconnection arrangements provisioned to providers of telecommunications services and facilities. Issue Date: December 2,2019 Effective Date: January 15, 2015 Tariff Notice 1 iTeraTEL Communications Inc. CRTC 15190 ACCESS SERVICES TARIFF Original Page 1 Explanation of Symbols The following symbols are used in this Tariff and have meanings as shown: A Increase in rate or charge C Change in wording D Discontinued rate or regulation F Reformatting of existing material with no change to rate or charge M Matter moved from its previous location N New wording, rate or charge R Reduction in rate or charge S Reissued matter Abbreviations of Companies Names The following companies names are used in this Tariff and have meanings as shown: Aliant Aliant Telecom Inc. Bell Bell Canada Bell Aliant Bell Aliant Regional Communications, Limited Partnership IslandTel Island Telecom Inc. MTS MTS Allstream Inc. MTT Maritime Tel & Tel Limited NBTel NBTel NewTel NewTel Communications NorthernTel NorthernTel, Limited Partnership SaskTel SaskTel TBayTel TBayTel TCBC TELUS Communications Company, operating in British Columbia TCC TELUS Communications Company TCI TELUS Communications Company, operating in Alberta TCQ TELUS Communications Company, operating in Quebec Télébec Télébec, société en commandite Issue Date: December 2,2019 Effective Date: January 15, 2015 Tariff Notice 1 iTeraTEL Communications Inc. CRTC 15190 ACCESS SERVICES TARIFF Original Page 2 Check Page Issue Date: December 2, 2019 Effective Date: January 15, 2020 Tariff Notice 1 iTeraTEL Communications Inc. CRTC 15190 ACCESS SERVICES TARIFF Original Page 3 Table of Contents Page Explanation of Symbols 1 Abbreviations of Companies Names 1 Check Page 2 Table of Contents 3 PART A Definitions and General Terms 5 ITEM 100.
  • Doing Business in Canada 2019

    Doing Business in Canada 2019

    Doing Business in Canada A disciplined, team-driven approach focused squarely on the success of your business. Lawyers in offices across Canada, the United States, Europe and China — Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, Montréal, Ottawa, New York, London and Beijing. Among the world’s most respected corporate law firms, with expertise in virtually every area of business law. When it comes to dealmaking, Blakes Means Business. Blakes Guide to Doing Business in Canada Doing Business in Canada is intended as an introductory summary. Specific advice should be sought in connection with particular transactions. If you have any questions with respect to Doing Business in Canada, please contact our Firm Chair, Brock Gibson by email at [email protected]. Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP produces regular reports and special publications on Canadian legal developments. For further information about these reports and publications, please contact the Blakes Client Relations & Marketing Department at [email protected]. Contents I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Government and Legal System ............................................................................... 2 1. Brief Canadian History ............................................................................................. 2 2. Federal Government ................................................................................................. 3 3. Provincial and Territorial Governments
  • 49807 Bell AIF Eng Clean

    49807 Bell AIF Eng Clean

    BELL CANADA ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 APRIL 15, 2002 2001 T ABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2001 April 15, 2002 Documents Incorporated by Reference . .1 Documents incorporated by reference Part of Annual Information Form in Trade-marks . .1 Document which incorporated by reference Item 1 • Corporate Structure of Bell Canada . .2 Portions of the 2001 Bell Canada Financial Information Item 5 Item 2 • General Development of Bell Canada . .2 Item 3 • Business of Bell Canada . .3 General . .3 Principal Service Area . .5 Subsidiaries and Associated Companies . .5 Regulation . .8 Competition . .12 Capital Expenditures . .15 Environment . .15 Employee Relations . .16 Legal Proceedings . .16 Trade-marks Certain Contracts . .17 Owner Trade-mark Forward-Looking Statements . .18 Bell Canada Rings & Head Design Risk Factors . .18 (Bell Canada corporate logo) Bell Item 4 • Selected Financial Information (Consolidated) . .20 Bell World Item 5 • Management’s Discussion and Analysis . .21 Espace Bell Sympatico Item 6 • Market for the Securities of Bell Canada . .21 Bell ActiMedia Inc. Yellow Pages Item 7 • Directors and Officers of Bell Canada . .21 Bell Mobility Inc. / Bell Mobilité inc. Mobile Browser Item 8 • Additional Information . .23 Manitoba Telecom Services Inc. First Rate Schedule – Directors’ and Officers’ Remuneration . .24 Stentor Resource Centre Inc. / Datapac Centre de ressources Stentor Inc. Megalink SmartTouch AT&T Corp. AT&T MCI Communications Corporation Hyperstream OnStar Corporation Onstar NOTES: (1) Unless the context indicates otherwise, “Bell Canada” refers to Bell Canada and its subsidiaries Yahoo! Inc. Yahoo! and associated companies. (2) All dollar figures are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
  • A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment Of

    A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment Of

    TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT by Donald Ross McDonald B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1969 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in an Interdisciplinary Program in Urban Studies We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Jan. ^9%~ In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of UffB^ STODlE^ The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date . itf , (Q7^ i ABSTRACT This thesis is broadly concerned with the relationship of com• munications to urban development. It specifically develops a communications perspective on spatial structure in the Vancouver, B.C., metropolitan area by examination of one communication variable, telephone traffic. Origin-destination calling data are used to identify communication networks, suggest functional associations, and relate social area structure to communicative (interactive) behaviour. A further purpose is to employ the above findings in developing suggestions as to possible imports of future communication technologies. For the first three chapters, the mode, i.e. telephone hardware, is held constant, in the fourth chapter the hardware is considered as a variable. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to Dr.
  • Regulation of the Internet a Technological Perspective

    Regulation of the Internet a Technological Perspective

    Regulation of the Internet A Technological Perspective "As we surge toward a new millennium, the Internet has become more than the overwhelming reality of the technology industry's current existence. It is the foundation for the Information Age, the environment in which we will all be living before long."1 Gerry Miller Gerri Sinclair David Sutherland Julie Zilber March, 1999 1 Dan Gillmor, San Jose Mercury News, December 19,1998, http://www7.mercurycenter.com/business/top/069597.htm Table of Contents PREFACE ...................................................................................................... IV INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS .................................................................... 3 PART 1 SETTING THE CONTEXT................................................................. 7 1. An Internet Primer.......................................................................................................................7 1.1 What is it?...............................................................................................................................7 1.2 Who owns it?...........................................................................................................................7 1.3 How does it work? ..................................................................................................................7 1.4 Who governs the Internet? .....................................................................................................8
  • The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Net Neutrality Debate in Canada and the United States

    The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Net Neutrality Debate in Canada and the United States

    THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN THE NET NEUTRALITY DEBATE IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES By Bruce Thomas Harpham A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Information Studies Graduate Department of the Faculty of Information University of Toronto © Copyright by Bruce Thomas Harpham (2009) Thesis title: The role of civil society organizations in the net neutrality debate in Canada and the United States Degree: Master of Information Studies (2009) Author: Bruce Thomas Harpham Graduate Department: Faculty of Information Institution: University of Toronto Abstract: This thesis investigates the policy frames employed by civil society organizations (CSOs) in the network neutrality debate in Canada and the United States. Network neutrality is defined as restrictions on Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to respect freedom of expression on the Internet and not seek to prevent innovative competition nor control the services or content available to users. The primary question under investigation is the policy frames of CSOs in the debate. The second question is whether CSOs have influenced policy outcomes in either legislation or regulation. The focus of the analysis is on regulatory agencies (CRTC and FCC); proposed legislation in Parliament and Congress is also analyzed as well. By examining the arguments advanced by various policy participants (government, ISPs, and CSOs), common points can be identified that may help the participants come to agreement. ii Acknowledgements Over the months of research and writing the thesis, I have greatly benefited from the comments and suggestions from my supervisors, Professors Andrew Clement and Nadia Caidi. Their contributions have allowed me to develop my argument in greater detail and have pointed out errors and other problems.
  • Deterministic Communications for Protection Applications Over Packet-Based Wide-Area Networks

    Deterministic Communications for Protection Applications Over Packet-Based Wide-Area Networks

    Deterministic Communications for Protection Applications Over Packet-Based Wide-Area Networks Kenneth Fodero, Christopher Huntley, and Paul Robertson Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This paper was presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers and can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2018.8349789. For the complete history of this paper, refer to the next page. Presented at RVP-AI 2018 Acapulco, Mexico July 15–20, 2018 Previously presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, March 2018, IEEE ROC&C 2017, November 2017, and 44th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, October 2017 Previous revised edition released March 2018 Originally presented at the 4th Annual PAC World Americas Conference, August 2017 1 Deterministic Communications for Protection Applications Over Packet-Based Wide-Area Networks Kenneth Fodero, Christopher Huntley, and Paul Robertson, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Abstract—There is a growing trend in the power utility Time-division multiplexing (TDM) has been widely adopted industry to move away from traditional synchronous optical across the power utility industry as the preferred WAN network/synchronous digital hierarchy (SONET/SDH) systems transport technology because it provides low-latency, for wide-area network (WAN) communications. Information technology (IT) teams and equipment manufacturers are deterministic, and minimal-asymmetry performance.
  • Regulatory Framework for an Open Internet: the Canadian Approach – the Right Way Forward?

    Regulatory Framework for an Open Internet: the Canadian Approach – the Right Way Forward?

    Regulatory Framework for an Open Internet: The Canadian Approach – the Right Way Forward? George N. Addy [email protected] Elisa K. Kearney [email protected] icarus – Fall 2010 Regulatory Framework for an Open Internet: The Canadian Approach – the Right Way Forward? George N. Addy [email protected] Elisa K. Kearney [email protected] Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP1 Access to the Internet depends on the physical infrastructure over which it operates. Although increasingly becoming a competitive market with the introduction of wireless and satellite technologies for broadband Internet access, in many countries or geographic areas the options available for Internet access may be limited to one or two facilities based carriers and a number of resellers of telecommunications services. For example, in Canada, as in the United States, the “residential broadband market has largely settled into regionalized competition between the incumbent telephone company and local cable provider.”2 The concept of net neutrality embodies the principle that access to the Internet be provided in a neutral manner in that Internet service providers (“ISPs”) do not block, speed up or slow down particular applications or content, and that ISPs do not use infrastructure ownership to favour affiliate offerings, content or applications. Calls for net neutrality regulation are premised on the fear that market competition is insufficient to discipline the 1 George N. Addy is the senior partner leading the Competition and Foreign Investment Review group of Davies Ward Phillips & Vineberg LLP in Toronto, Canada and is also part of the Technology group. Mr. Addy was head of the Canadian Competition Bureau (1993- 1996) and its merger review branch (1989-1993).
  • Paging Companies IXO/TAP Modem Numbers (Support@Seqent.Com)

    Paging Companies IXO/TAP Modem Numbers ([email protected])

    Head Office Suite 135 4474 Blakie Road London, ON, Canada N6L 1G7 Phone : +1.519.652.0401 Paging Companies IXO/TAP Modem Numbers ([email protected]) This document contains the known IXO/TAP dial-up phone numbers that can be used with First PAGE. Please send any questions, problems or additions to: [email protected] Provider Coverage Phone Number Speed Modem Settings Alpha Length A Better Beep Bakersfield, CA 805-334-7002 A Better Beep Fresno, CA 209-778-9451 A Better Beep San Luis Obispo, CA 805-542-4050 A Better Beep Santa Barbara, CA 805-730-3118 A Better Beep Santa Rosa, CA 707-523-6571 A Better Beep Stockton, CA 209-762-3094 Action Page 800-933-4585 7,e,1 (1200 baud) Advanced Paging US New Orleans, LA 888-723-2337 Advantage 805-647-5962 AirPage Austria 43 688 3322111 7,e,1 Air Touch 800-310-2193 Air Touch 800-326-0038 Air Touch 312-514-9243 2400,7,e,1 Air Touch 800-326-0038 Air Touch 800-310-2193 Air Touch Albuquerque, NM 505-883-1977 Air Touch Athens, GA 706-369-8134 Air Touch Atlanta, GA 404-873-6337 Air Touch Austin, TX 512-873-8719 Air Touch Austin/San Antonio, TX 210-349-2159 Air Touch Bakersfield, CA 805-324-5934 Air Touch Boca Raton, FL 407-994-3507 800-870-9537 Air Touch Boise, ID 208-869-0004 Air Touch Brandenton, FL 813-751-3658 Air Touch CA 888-287-7108 Air Touch Casa Grande, AZ 520-426-1220 800-624-7868 Air Touch Chicago, IL 708-708-4027 Air Touch Chula Vista, CA 619-296-0771 Air Touch Cincinnati, OH 513-665-9917 Air Touch Cleveland, OH 216-241-3825 Air Touch Dallas/Fort Worth, TX 800-672-4371 817-265-1848 Air Touch Daytona, FL 904-252-4184 Air Touch Denver, CO 303-368-4727 Air Touch Detroit, MI 800-371-8800 800-564-7079 810-539-9667 Air Touch Escondido, CA 619-747-5007 Air Touch Flagstaff, AZ 520-744-7317 Air Touch Fort Myers, FL 813-275-8934 Air Touch Fresno, CA 209-222-9811 Air Touch Ft.