532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SAINT LOUIS MEETING

ELECTION OF FELLOWS The Secretary announced that the candidates for fellowship had received a nearly unanimous vote of the ballots sent, and that Fellows were elected as follows:

A r t h d r B ib b in s , Ph. B ., Baltimore, Md. Instructor in Geology, Woman’s College. G il b e r t D e n n is o n H a r r is , Ph. B ., Ithaca, N. Y. Assistant Professor of Paleon­ tology and Stratigraphic Geology, Cornell University; Geologist in charge of the Geological Survey of Louisiana. R ic h a r d R. Hice, B. S., Beaver, Pa. Manufacturer of brick and terra-cotta. E r n e s t H o w e , Ph. IX, Washington, D. C. Assistant Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey. W illis Thomas Lee, Ph. B., M. S., Phoenix, Ariz. Assistant Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey. W illiam D iller M atthew , Ph. D ., New York City. Associate Curator in Verte­ brate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History. T h o m a s L e o n a r d W a l k k r , Ph. D., Toronto, Canada. Professor of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Toronto. F r e d B o i' g h t o n W e e k s , Washington, D. C. Assistant Geologist, V. S. Geological Survey. S a m u e l W e id m a n , Ph. D., Madison, Wis. Geologist, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey. E d w a r d 0 . U l r ic h , D. Sc., Washington, D. C. Assistant Geologist, U . S. Geo­ logical Survey. F r e d e r ic E u g h n e W r ig h t , Ph. D ., Houghton, Mich. Assistant State Geologist and Instructor in Petrography, Michigan College of Mines.

No new business was presented. The President called for the necrol­ ogy, and the following memoirs of deceased Fellows were presented. In the absence of the author the first memoir was read by I. C. W hite:

MEMOIR OF J. PETER LESLEY

BY JOHN J. STEVENSON

J. Peter Lesley, born in Philadelphia September 17, 1819, died in Milton, Massachusetts, June 1,1903. His youth was spent in Philadelphia, and in 1838 he was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. Professor Henry D. Rogers at once appointed him an aid on the Pennsylvania Geological Survey and in the following spring assigned hitn to assist Mr Henderson in the anthracite area; but within a few weeks Mr Henderson was transferred to another district, and Lesley was left alone to collect systematic information from the collieries and to instruct himself in field work. In 1840 he made a topographic and geologic sketch map of the complicated Siluro-Devonian area between Harrisburg and the New York line, and afterward, as assistant to James T. Hodge, studied the Carboniferous of Somerset and BULL. GEOL. SOC AM. VOL. 15, 1903, PL. 52 e MEMOIR OF J. PETER LESLEY 533 adjacent counties, confining his attention to the coal beds, while Mr Hodge studied the iron ores. Daring this season he identified with the Pittsburg the great coal bed at Salisbury, in Somerset county. In 1841, the last year of the survey, he made a reconnaissance of the northern and northwestern part of the state, studying the fourth and fifth bitu- minuous coal basins as far south as Kittanning, on the Allegheny river, and rounded out the year’s work by a new study of the anthracite region, completing the map left unfinished by Whelpley when he resigned, in 1839. During 1840 and 1841 Lesley worked out the detailed and gen­ eralized sections of the lower productive and lower barren measures now known as the Allegheny and Conemaugh formations—all this be­ fore reaching his twenty-second birthday. His studies were made when much of the country was still a forest-covered wilderness, when roads were few, when aneroid barometers and pocket levels were unknown, and ordinary intervals were measured by estimate. His work in Somer­ set and the adjacent area was mere reconnaissance, yet his work, closely reviewed by geologists of the second survey, needed little more of cor­ rection than did that of certainly one member of the second survey made in parts of that region thirty-five years later and under more favor­ able conditions. The skill with which Lesley and his youthful colleagues unraveled complicated structure was little short of divination. The survey ended somewhat abruptly with the season of 1841—the geologists were scattered—but Professor Rogers began to prepare his final report, hoping that the state might be induced to publish it. Lesley had entered Princeton Theological Seminary to “ indulge in a course of theology,” but his skill as topographer and draughtsman, his knowledge of structure in all parts of the state, above all, his integrity and loyalty; made him indispensable to Rogers, so that all of the time, not impera­ tively required for study, was employed in preparing maps and diagrams for the final report. At that time the only map of the state was so inaccurate as to be undeserving of its name. There were numerous county maps, some of which had been colored and in some measure corrected by members of the corps; Lesley had made many corrections wherever he went, and there were a few detached areas which had been surveyed carefully. Such material as existed was given to Lesley that he might construct the map. He has described the process, how the county lines were forced into adjustment from both ends of the state to the Susquehanna river, where the total error accumulated; this gross error was distributed backward east and west over the whole state “ so that the fundamental skeleton of the map was ‘ tempered ’ like a piano forte, being erroneous throughout, but with the local errors reduced to a minimum.” On this county line scheme he plotted the topography,

LXIX—B u m .. G eol. S oc. A m ., V oi.. 15, 190 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SAINT LOUIS MEETING

“ good, bad, and indifferent,” and laid down the foundation colors. This done, he constructed thirteen cross-sections and drew to a scale several hundreds of local sections, diagrams, and sketches, the whole work occupying eighteen months of 1842 and 1843. Having completed his theological course, Lesley was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1844 and at once went to Europe, where he made a pedestrian tour through France and Germany, which he closed with a brief course of study at the University of Halle. Return­ ing to America, he undertook col portage w'ork in northern Pennsylvania for the American Tract Society, which he pursued with characteristic energy and success for two years. In December, 1847, Professor Rogers asked him to come to Boston, where for five months he was busy in pre­ paring duplicate copies of the geological map and sections, which were to be placed in the state capitol at Harrisburg. While in Boston he received and accepted a call to the pastorate of the Congregational church at Milton, Massachusetts, where he remained until 1851. In this interval his views respecting some theological matters developed along lines not wholly acceptable to his ministerial associates, so that at the end of four years he resigned his charge, abandoned the ministry, and returned to Philadelphia, where he began to practice as consulting geologist. At once his services were sought again by Professor Rogers, who had obtained an appropriation for preparation of the final report, and for more than a year he was engaged upon the revision work. Thenceforward for forty years his labor was incessant. He was recog­ nized at once as the most competent of geological experts, and his time was fully retained. Yet from 1855 to 1859 he was secretary of the Amer­ ican Iron Association, for which he published in 1859 a huge volume, the “American Iron Manufacturers’ Guide,” a remarkable compendium of theory, practice, and statistics, which even now is of much value. From 1858 to 1885 he was secretary and librarian of the American Phil­ osophical Society, rarely absent from its meetings and seldom failing to present a paper or to take part in the discussions. He made elaborate surveys of the Cape Breton coal field, of the Pennsylvania coke region, of the Broad Top area, of the Cumberland Valley iron ores, and of many other areas outside of his own state, and besides found abundance of time in which to learn several languages and to prosecute special studies in several departments of literature and philosophy. In 1872 he was made professor of geology and dean of the faculty of science in the University of Pennsylvania, but in 1878, owing to the pressure of other duties, he resigned the deanship. The Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania was authorized in 1874, and he was placed in charge of the work, which he conducted until compelled by failing health to relinquish it, in 1895. MEMOIR OK J. PETER LESLEY 535

He was an original member of the National Academy of Sciences and was president of the American Association for Advancement of Science in 1884. Professor Lesley’s first important publication was the little volume entitled “ Coal and its Topography,” which appeared in 1856. Professor Rogers, after completing the field work necessary for preparation of his final report, had gone to Edinburgh to supervise the publication. By some means, early in 1856, Lesley learned that in this report the geolo­ gists who had done the field work, who had solved the problems of geology and topography, and had made some of the most important generaliza­ tions were to be ignored. The information was not quite exact, for when the report appeared a list of those who had been connected with the survey was given in the preface, so that one may not say that they were wholly ignored. Spurred by indignation, Lesley wrote the book to pre­ serve for his colleagues at least a share of the credit which was their due. The work was done amid the cares of a great practice, much of it at night after fatiguing days at the office, yet in six weeks the manuscript was ready for the press. The book served the purpose; as it were, incident­ ally it defined the area and work of the several geologists, but it was more important than its author intended or supposed. There one finds the first systematic grouping of the Appalachian coal beds and the first attempt at genuine correlation with beds elsewhere. The general de­ scription of coal and coal beds, as well as of the condition of their occur­ rence, is still unexcelled, while the discussion of topography in the second part remains, even in the light of present knowledge, one of the most brilliant contributions to physical geography, anticipating, not in germ, but in full, much of what is termed the modern method. A work of wholly different type is “ Man’s Origin and Destiny,” the Lowell lectures for 1865-1866, which appeared in 1868. The subjects range from signification of the sciences through the antiquity, dignity, and social life of mankind to origin of architecture growth of the alphabet, types of religious worship, and, finally, to what he terms arkite sym­ bolism. When one considers that these lectures were prepared away from home and without access to books, he must admire the industry which had gathered a so great mass of knowledge, the memory which could retain it, and the mind so systematic as to make it readily available. Much of the work, it is true, is no longer important, as many of the con­ clusions were based on current, but erroneous, interpretation of oriental documents, yet students familiar with the results of recent investigations can not fail to find much of value in the author’s method. If some of the parallelisms appear absurd today, the reader should remember that they were legitimate according to the philological methods of forty years 536 PROCEEDINGS OP THE SAINT LOUIS MEETING ago; it is quite possible that the parallelisms of today may appear equally absurd forty years hence. In any event one can not fail to recognize the skill and ingenuity displayed in the chapters on the alpha­ bet and on arkite symbolism, in which a great superstructure rises on the words “ bar ” and “ ark,” this petty foundation seeming to expand as the work proceeds, until at length the whole superstructure appears to rest secure. Professor Lesley's great work was performed as director of the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania. He was head rather than director. An assistant once appointed was left practically to his own devices; but there was something about the personality of the director that impelled each one to do faithful work, that made the unambitious man ambitious. When the second survey was authorized the conditions were much the same as when Rogers undertook the first survey. There were few trained geologists in the country, and most of those were connected with one or the other of the United States surveys. Professor Lesley had to begin with young men,of whom only three or four had had any experience whatever in field work. He dealt with them generously, considerately, and, remembering his own early work, held them in all confidence. At times, indeed, he forgot that they were not men of broad experience, and his criticisms were none too mild. At others, unstrung by con­ tinuous application, he misunderstood the text of a report or misinter­ preted a letter, and relieved himself in a communication which was a model of terseness and clearness, and which usually provoked a rejoinder approximately clear and terse. But such misunderstandings were of brief duration; breaches were healed quickly by his whole-souled repa­ ration, and temporary ruptures served in the end to knit him and the assistants more closely than before. Yet in one direction Professor Lesley never could forget during the early years of the survey that his assistants were inexperienced, and his constant anxiety was to prevent that lack of experience from doing injury either to them or to the state. In those days the time of proof­ reading was often a time of perplexity to authors of reports, who fre­ quently discovered parenthetical comments or argumentative foot-notes which were not in every case edifying. Lesley had reconnoitered most of the state during the first survey, and in after years he had made detailed studies in many disconnected portions, especially in the coal, oil, and iron areas, so that he had well defined opinions respecting almost all localities. When assistants arrived at conclusions contrary to his own he felt compelled to present what he believed to be the more accu­ rate conceptions. The results of the work in each district were summarized in prefaces to MEMOIR OF J. PETER LESLEY 537 the several reports. The necessity for such summaries increased with the number of volumes, for the districts were studied independently, and no report was bound closely to those by other observers in neighboring districts. These prefaces were steps toward a final report, enabling stu­ dents to utilize quickly the work done in an extended area showing the same general phenomena. The labor involved in preparing them was very great; the manuscript of each report was read with the utmost care ; the accompanying maps were studied with equal care, and not a few of them were redrawn by Lesley himself, who prepared also many of the elaborate indices—all this, that he make himself thoroughly familiar with the details. How well he succeeded is shown by the final report, which, unfortu­ nately, he could not complete. He had finished the story to the end of the Lower Carboniferous, when his health gave way, and the rest of the work was prepared by others. In this report he summarized every vol­ ume ; he gives full credit to each member of his staff, while important phenomena, observed by the assistants, receive full discussion from the standpoints of his broad reading and his own field work. There is no attempt to evade anything, no inclination to undervalue the work of those disagreeing with him; on the contrary, there is a frank presentation of opposing views and frequently a retraction of opinions long held very dear by him. The more than one hundred and twenty volumes of sur­ vey reports are his monument. Professor Lesley’s power of endurance was almost equal to his indus­ try; indeed, for many years his capacity for work seemed to be unlim­ ited ; but in thelater sixties, during the early expansion of the oil indus­ try of Pennsylvania, the limit was reached and his health collapsed. Recovery was very slow, but complete; thereafter he lived strictly by rule. During the years 1874 to 1891, the active years of the second sur­ vey, he closed his office promptly at 4 o’clock, giving six hours of con­ centrated labor daily. But the preparation of the final report required haste, and his day knew no measure, with the result that in 1893 his life as a student ended without warning. He was able to supervise matters for almost two years longer, and then, the work having been completed, he retired to Milton, Massachusetts, where the remaining years of his life were spent in comfort amid scenes which had always been dear to him. Throughout Professor Lesley sought only to do to others as he would have them do to him. If at times in a discussion he aimed directly at the weak places in his adversary’s armor and drove his weapon home with his might, all knew that no rancor accompanied the thrust. He was but a champion defending the right, and he always recognized that his adversary was equally honest, though of course on the wrong side. 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THU SAINT LOUIS MEETING

He knew nothing of envy. The world with its rewards was large enough for him and all others besides; but he seemed to feel it a sacred duty to protect those who had gone before, to prevent others from ignoring them, and to secure for them all honor for their work, even though it were imperfect. Ever ready to defend the rights of others, he was in­ different to his own. If another appropriated his work, he appeared to feel no irritation; rather was he inclined to regard the confiscation as evidence that his work had proved to be a genuine contribution to knowledge. He loved to remember the good and to forget the ill done by others with whom he had been in relation. On one occasion the writer endeavored to dissuade him from a contemplated action, assuring him that the person to be benefited was more than unfriendly. The answer came sharply, “ Friend once, friend always; that is my motto. If you wish to have a happy old age, you will do well to take it for your own.” This was no burst of rhetoric; it was the explanation of his life. Professor Lesley was the last of the old geologists, the only link bind­ ing us to the men of the early years, 1837 to 1841. His life was prooj that the tradition respecting the character and ability of those men is true. He was a cheery, winsome companion, an effectionate husband and father, loved and revered in his household, honored by his friends. As was fitting, he passed away without suffering, literally crossing the threshold in sleep. In 1849 he married Susan Inches, daughter of the Honorable Joseph Lyman, of Northampton, Massachusetts, who, with two daughters, survives him.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1856. Manual of coal and its topography. Philadelphia, pp. xii, 224. 1857. On the Broad Top coal basin in central Pennsylvania. Proe. Am. Assoc., vol. 10, part 2, pp. 78-81, map. 1858. On three comparative sections of the Coal Measures in Kentucky and in eastern and western Pennsylvania. Ib., vol. 11, p art 2, pp. 39-42. 1859. The Iron Manufacturers’ Guide to the furnaces, forges, and rolling mills of the United States. New York, pp. 772. On a curious instance of reverse drainage. Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol. 10, pp. 8-9. 1861. On the subconglomeritric or false Coal Measures of northwestern Virginia. Proc. Am. Phil. Sue., vol. 7, p. 294. Note on Lesquereux’s table of comparative sections of Coal Measures. Am. Jour. Sci.., 2d series, vol. 32, pp. 281-285. Boulders in the highlands of Orange county, New York. Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, p. 97. Observations on the age of the White mountains of New Hampshire. Ib., vol. 12, pp. 363-364. On the structure of a primary limestone bed on the Brandywine above Chads ford. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 8, pp. 281-283. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 3. PETER LESLEY 539

1862. On the lignite at Pond Iron Ore bank, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 9, pp. 469-482. 1865. On a remarkable coal mine or asphalt vein cutting the horizontal Coal Measures of Wood county, West Virginia, lb., vol. 9, pp. 183-197. Section of Coal Measures on the Cape Breton coast, lb., vol. 9, pp. 93-109, 167-170. Coal and gypsum of southern Virginia. Ib., vol. 9, pp. 30-39, map. Note on the geological age of the New Jersey highlands as held by H. D. Rogers. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. 39, pp. 221-223. 1869. On the discovery of oil on the Allegheny river at Bradys bend, 70 miles above Pittsburg. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 10, pp. 227-241. On the mode of existence of the petroleum in the eastern coal field of Ken­ tucky and description of associated formation, lb ., vol. 10, pp. 33 68, 188-191, plates. Note on a map intended to illustrate five types of earth surface in the United States between Cincinnati and the Atlantic. Tram. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 13, new series, pp. 305-312. 1871. Section across the Allegheny mountains to illustrate the proportionate plica­ tion of the earth’s surface to its radius. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 11, p. 115, plate. 1873. The geological structure of Tazewell, Russell, and Wise counties, in Virginia. lb., vol. 12, pp. 4$9-513, map. A record of fourteen oil wells at Bradys bend, Armstrong county, Pennsyl­ vania. lb ., vol. 12, pp. 562-570. Note on a fine upthrow fault at Embreeville furnace, in eastern Tennessee. Ib ., vol. 12, pp. 444-457. On a cross-anticlinal in the Coal Measures of Tennessee. Ib., vol. 12, p. 111. Note on an apparent violation of the law of progressive debituminization of the American coal beds coming eastward, lb., vol. 12, pp. 125-138. Note on the titaniferous iron ore belt near Greensboro, North Carolina, lb., vol. 12, pp. 139-158. Note on the recent exposure of a bed of brown hematite iron ore in Morri­ sons cove, Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 12, p. 6. A study of the structure and erosion of Brush mountain, Blair county, Pennsylvania. Ib., vol. 12, pp. 503-504, map. The iron ores of the South mountain along the line of the Harrisburg and Potomac railroad, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 13, pp. 3-21, map. Saint Clairsville and Bedford railroad and Dunnings Creek fossil ore. lb., vol. 13, pp. 156-168. On the iron ore deposits of Buckingham mountain, Bucks county, Pennsyl­ vania. 26., vol. 13, p. 264. 1875. Notes on the comparative geology of northeastern Ohio, northwestern Penn­ sylvania, and western New York. Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Report I, pp. 57-108, map. Coal beds in the sub-Carboniferous of Pennsylvania. A m. Jour. Sci., 3d series, vol. 10, pp. 153-154. 1876. The Boyds Hill gas well a t Pittsburg. Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Report L, pp. 217-237. 540 PROCEEDINGS OP THE SAINT LOUIS MEETING

1876. Second Geological Survey Pennsylvania, Report A. Historical sketch of geological explorations in Pennsylvania and other states, with an appen­ dix containing the annual reports of the state geologist to the board of commissioners. Pp. 200, xxvi. On glacial blocks in West Philadelphia. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 14, pp. 644-645. On the geology of the brown hematite ore banks of Spruce creek, Warriors Mark run, and Half Moon run in Huntingdon and Center counties, Penn­ sylvania. lb., vol. 14, pp. 19-83, 102-107, map and 44 figures. On the structure of southeastern Pennsylvania, lb ., vol. 14, pp. 439-440. 1877. Topographical map of Pennsylvania, colored for the principal geological formations. Frontispiece to Macfarlane’s Coal Regions of America. Oil well records selected from the collections of J. F. Carll,of Pennsylvania. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 16, pp. 260-26(5, 346-380. 1878. On a series of chemical analyses of Siluro-Cambrian limestone beds in Cum­ berland county, Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 17, pp. 260-266. On terrace levels in Pennsylvania. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, vol. 16, pp. 68-69. 1879. Notes on a series of analyses of the dolomitic limestone rocks of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Report MM, pp. 311-361. Note on classification of coals. The same, pp. 144-157. 1880. On fossils in the Peach Bottom roofing slates of Pennsylvania. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 18, pp. 365-366. Sur les limites du terrain carbonifere et du terrain permien en Amerique d’apres l’etude de leurs flores. Congres Internat. de Geologie, Comptes Rendus, session of 1878, pp. 130-135. Notes on a series of analyses of the dolomitic limestones of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 18, pp. 114-120. On a deep well at Murraysville, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 18, pp. 207-208. A Hudson River fossil plant in the roofing slate that is associated with chlorite slate and metainorphio limestone in Maryland, adjoining York and Lancaster counties, Pennsylvania. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, vol. 19, pp. 71-72. 1882. Notes on the models of Seven Mountains, of Stone Mountain fault, and of a part of the middle anthracite field of Pennsylvania. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 19, pp. 193-194. 1883. On tlie glacial erosion and outlets of the Great Lakes, lb., vol. 20, pp. , 9 5 -1 0 1 . On the equivalency of the Catskill and Ponent formations. Ib., vol. 20, pp. 673-675. Note on the progress of the second geological survey of Pennsylvania, lb., vol. 20, pp. 537 -544. 1885. Maps of Adams, Franklin, and Cumberland counties. Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Report D 5. Second geological survey of Pennsylvania, Report T 3. The geology of Huntingdon county, by I. C. White and other assistant geologists, edited by J. P. Lesley, xv, 471 pp., map, plates. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF J. PETER LESLEY 541

1885. A geological hand atlas of the t>7 counties of Pennsylvania, embodying the results of the field work of the survey from 1874-1884. Second Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, Report X, pp. cxii, 61 plates. 1886. Annual report of the geological survey of Pennsylvania for 1885. Contains, along with administrative reports, the following papers by Lesley: The coal beds and fireclays of the Wellersburg basin in Somerset county. Pp. 227-239. Some general considerations respecting the origin and distribution of the Delaware and Chester kaolin deposits. Pp. 571-591, with map in atlas. Some general considerations of the pressure quantity, composition, and fuel value of rock gas, or the natural gas of the oil regions of Pennsyl­ vania, pp. 657-680. (With E. V. d’Invilliers:) Report on Cornwall ore mines, pp. 491-570, with map in atlas. The geology of the Pittsburg coal region. Trans. Am. Inst. Mining Eng., vol. 14, pp. 618-656, plate. 1889. A dictionary of the fossils of Pennsylvania and neighboring states, named in reports and catalogues of the survey. Three volumes, pp. xiv, 1283, with appendices, xxxi, x, xiii pp., and 3,000 figures. Revision and correction of the semi-bituminous coal section at Wellersburg, in Somerset county, Pennsylvania. Geol. Survey Pennsylvania, with atlas to Reports HH and HHH, pp. 349-360. 1891. On an important boring through 2,000 feet of Trias in eastern Pennsylvania. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 29, pp. 20-24. Artesian well in lower Silurian limestone at Parkersburg, Pennsylvania. lb., vol. 29, pp. 45-47. 1892. A summary description of the geology of Pennsylvania, vols. i and ii, Lau- rentian to Devonian, inclusive, pp. xix, 1628. 1895. The same, vol. iii, to p. 1854, Pocono and Mauch Chunk.

In addition to the papers and volumes already mentioned, Professor Lesley prepared elaborate prefaces and letters of transmittal to accom­ pany the reports of his assistants on their respective districts, not less than twenty-four in number. In compiling this list the writer has made full use of Mr Darton’s work*

In the absence of the author the following memoir was read by Samuel C alv in : MEMOIR OF PETER NEFF

BY H. P. CUSHING I Peter Neff, late Fellow of this Society, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 13, 1827. Three or four generations of both paternal and maternal ancestors had lived in this country and had been active and influential

»Catalogue and index of contributions to North American geology, 1732-1891. By Nelson Horatio D arto n . U. S. G eol. S u rv e y , B ull. No. 127, 1896.

LXX— B u l l . G eol. Soo. A m ., V o l. 15, 1903