Polar Code and Winterization DNV GL Annual Technology Seminar

Yanran Wang, Won Ho Lee 17 October 2018

1 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Ballast Water Management Plan for D-2 Treatment

Welcome

2 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Agenda

08:30 Introduction Polar Code Structure Requirement 10:00 Coffee Break 10:10 Polar Code Requirement, cont’d Questions and Discussions 11:30 End of the Seminar

Yanran Wang Won Ho Lee Senior Engineer Principal Engineer Maritime Advisory Hull & Structures

3 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Introduction

4 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Why a need for a new mandatory IMO Polar Code

Less ice in polar waters opens up opportunities. It increases: • new shipping lines • oil & gas exploration and production • mineral recovery and export • tourism • attraction to new and less experienced operators • focus on the vulnerable environment in Polar areas

5 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Increased risk level for polar water operations

• The risk level depends on geographical location and time of the year (ice-type, ice-coverage, temperature, daylight etc.) • Mitigating measures may vary within polar waters.

Sea ice age 2012

6 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 The need for a new mandatory IMO Polar Code

• Existing international conventions do not include operational conditions like low temperatures and sea ice

• Proposed to IMO by Denmark, Norway and USA in 2009

7 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 The Goal of the Polar Code

To provide for safe ship operation and the protection of the polar environment by addressing risks present in polar waters and not adequately mitigated by other instruments of the Organization.

8 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Applicability ° The main requirements are related to: – Safety – Protection of the environment – Seafarer competence ° It is implemented through amendments to:

– SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea)

– MARPOL ( The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships)

– STCW (The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers)

9 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Geographical demarcation of the Arctic

North of latitude 60 °N

Exclude area around Iceland, the Norwegian mainland, Russia’s Kola Peninsula, the White Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and Alaska’s Prince William Sound

Include waters around the southern exposure of Greenland

10 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Geographical demarcation of the Antarctic

South of latitude 60°S

11 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Ship category Ship category is defined by: Tanker ° Ship types Passenger ship Other

Intended to operate in low air temperature ° Polar Service Temperature (PST) A temperature specified for ship intended to operate in Those which are not

Category A: at least medium first-year ice (0.7-1.2m) ° Ice class Category B: at least thin first-year ice (0.3-0.7m) Category C: open water or less severe than A & B

It is always the responsibility of the Master to ensure that the vessel is operated within these limits!

12 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Service Temperature (PST)

° Systems and equipment required by this Code shall be fully functional at the Polar Service Temperature. ° The PST must be at least 10°C colder than the lowest Mean Daily Low Temperature (MDLT) for the intended area and season of operation in polar water. ° Example: If the lowest MDLT is -15°C, then the PST equals -25°C.

• LMDLT –15°

• PST = LMDLT-10° –25°

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Operate in low air temperature

° The lowest MDLT means the mean value of the daily low temperature for each day of the year over a period of at least 10 years. – Determine the daily low temperature for each day over a ten-year period in the intended area of operation in polar waters – Determine the average of the values over the 10 years period for each day – Plot the daily averages over the year – Take the lowest of the averages for the season of operation

° A ship intended to operate in low MDLT means a ship intended to undertake voyages to or through areas where the is colder than -10°C.

14 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Example – Bjørnøya, Norway (1998-2012)

LMDLT PST ≤ LMDLT – 10°C

Data source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute

15 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Structure of the Code

° Preamble ° Introduction (goal, definitions, sources of hazards)

° Part I: included through a new chapter XIV • Part I-A: Mandatory provisions on safety measures in accordance with in SOLAS the relevant SOLAS chapter • Part I-B: Recommendations on safety

° Part II:

• Part II-A: Mandatory provisions on pollution prevention in accordance included in with relevant MARPOL Annexes MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV • Part II-B: Recommendations on pollution prevention and V

16 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Sources of Hazards

° Ice ° Topside icing ° Low temperature ° Darkness ° High latitude (navigation, communication, ice information) ° Remoteness (limited SAR facilities) ° Possible lack of accurate and complete hydrographic data and information ° Crew experience ° Lack of suitable emergency response equipment ° Rapidly changing and severe weather conditions ° Environmental impacts ° Additional recognized risks

17 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Operational assessment

To establish procedures or operational limitations, an assessment of the ship and its equipment shall be carried out, taking into consideration the following:

° anticipated range of operating and environmental conditions, such as: – operation in low air temperature – operation in ice – operation in high latitude – potential for abandonment onto ice or land ° hazards ° additional hazards, if identified

18 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Water Operational Manual

° The Manual shall include or refer to specific risk based procedures to be followed: – in normal operations and in order to avoid encountering conditions that exceed the ships capabilities – procedures to be followed in the event of incidents in polar waters – procedures to be followed in the event that conditions are encountered which exceed the ships' specific capabilities and limitations – procedures to be followed when using icebreaker assistance, as applicable

The Polar Water Operational Manual is new, mandatory and has to be developed for the actual ship and planned operation

19 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 The road map for implementing Polar Code requirement

Passage planning

Structure & Procedure Preparation

Operational Polar Water Admin/RO approval & Assessment Operational Manual Polar Code Certificate Development survey

Crew Training

20 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 PART I-A SAFETY MEASURES

21 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Part I -A SAFETY MEASURES

Chapter 1: General Chapter 2: Polar Water Operation Manual Chapter 3: Ship Structure Chapter 4: Subdivision and Stability Chapter 5: Watertight and Weathertight Integrity Chapter 6: Machinery Installations Chapter 7: Fire Safety/Protection Chapter 8: Life Saving Appliances and Arrangements Chapter 9: Safety of Navigation Chapter 10: Communication Chapter 11: Voyage Planning Chapter 12: Manning and Training Part I-B: Additional guidance regarding the provisions of the introduction and Part I-A

22 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Ice Loads and Response

° Long experience of commercial “ships” operating in Baltic and Arctic areas

° IACS Polar Class (Rev.3) implemented into the Rules

° Offshore ship-shaped units and column stabilized unit covered by Ship Classification Rules (Pt.6 Ch.6) and Offshore standard (OS-C103)

° No applicable rules/standards for Jack up for arctic operation (ISO 19906 not directly applicable, but BSEE adopt API-RP 2N for MODUs and jack-up rigs )

° Effect of physical ice management in operating draft are not considered

23 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Classification of Ice Going Vessels

The Class Requirements are based on the following conditions: ° Ice conditions and type (for operation and transit) ° Design temperature ° Possibility of assistance from ice breakers ° Special regional requirements

24 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Definition

° Ice breaking / Ice breaker ° Ice ramming ° Ice beaching ° Ice compression ° Crushing strength ° Flexural strength

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Baltic Ice Class

° Design ice condition for ice strengthening: ICE Class ho (m) h (m) - Level ice thickness not exceeding h o. ICE-1A* 1.0 0.35 - Design height (h) of the area actually under ice pressure. ICE-1A 0.8 0.30 ICE-1B 0.6 0.25 ° Design condition for propulsion: Minimum speed of 5 knots in ICE-1C 0.4 0.22 brash ice channels ° Max nom. ice pressure: 5.6 MPa

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Hull Area of Ice Strengthening

Stern region Midbody region Bow region

Upper bow ice belt

Requirements to: - Plating and stiffeners in icebelt - Girders and stringers in icebelt - Appendages - Machinery components

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 IACS Polar Class Rules

° The IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR-I) was ratified by the IACS members ° The Polar Class rules are a result of a large harmonization effort among the classification societies, relevant governmental bodies and academic experts ° With the aim of rationalizing and harmonizing structural and machinery requirements applicable for vessels operating in Polar waters. ° The Polar ships apply to ships intended for independent navigation in ice- infested waters. ° For ships assigned with - PC1 – PC5 : blunt and vertical bows (incl. bulbous bows) generally to be avoided - PC6 – PC7 : open water bows (bulbous bows) with operational limitations (e.g. no ramming)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 DNVGL ICE Class Notations Class notation Ice thickness Design Impact limits Ice condition Material Ice(E) 0.4m Basic Ice strengthening Very light ice condition Ice(C) 0.4m Ice(1C) 0.4m Ice(1B) 0.6m First year ice and broken 0.8m channel Ice(1A) Baltic Ice Classes No ramming Not required Ice(1A*) 1.0m (Ice-1A*F) Heavy ice ICE-05 0.5m First year ice with ICE-10 1.0m pressure ridges Vessels for Arctic and ICE-15 1.5m PC(1)ice breaking service – PC(7) POLAR-10 1.0m Accidental Multi year ice with DAT(-30) is POLAR-20 2.0m ramming glacial inclusions mandatory, as minimum. POLAR-30 3.0m Icebreaker Ice breaking (main Repeated purpose) ramming

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Class Description Category A Category Category B Category

PC(1) to PC(7) may be assigned additional notation Icebreaker

30 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Class Rules

° Two glancing impact load scenarios: – Ramming scenario – Glancing impacting scenario , dimensioning for the structural design of the bow (used as basis for the remaining part of the hull)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Class Rules – Design Ice Load

Bow shape

Normal frame angle (vertical side = 0)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Design Pressure Formulation

¢ Load defined as rectangular ice pressure area (patch load)

¢ For bow area , the height and width of the load area related to bow shape

¢ For non-bow regions , ice is assumed to fail by crushing and the ratio of length over height (aspect ratio, AR) is set 3.6

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Ice Glancing Impact, Bow Area

Ice load characteristics of bow area F = fa * CFc * D 0.64 [MN} - Bow shape coefficient (fa) Design patch load parameters: - Total glancing impact force (F) ° wBOW = F / Q - Line load (Q) ° bBOW = Q / P - Pressure (P) ° Pave = F / (w x b)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Design Patch Load Area

Rectangular patch load

Transverse frame

Longitudinal frame

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Hull Area of Ice Strengthening

Ice belt

Lower Bottom

Bow Stern area Mid-body area intermediate Bow area area

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Hull Area Factors

¢ Dependent on class notations and operational mode

¢ Bow region fixed as 1.0

¢ Separate hull factor for ships with o thruster/podded propulsion o astern operation o ice breaker

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Ice Compression Load Amidships

° All ships to withstand line loads at waterline level on both sides of the hull (assumed trapped) ° Design line loads for vertical side shell: – Q = 950 (CFm)1.5

° Combined with static sea pressure Polar class CFm PC(1) 3.0 PC(2) 2.5 PC(3) 2.0 PC(4) 1.6 PC(5) 1.2 PC(6) 0.7 PC(7) 0.5

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Important Design Parameters

Design parameters to be decided: ° Design loads/Ice thickness for Operation and Transit ° Structural arrangement: V Hull forms (open water and ice going) V Stiffening arrangement (longitudinal or transverse system) V Stiffener spacing (weight control and productivity) V Material yield strength (weight control)

39 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Example – Plate

¢ L = 220 m

V ar ei d e ¢ Dr Disp = 95,000 ton (at UIWL) illi n g C o m p. In ¢ Sigy = 355 MPa c. D N V E x p l o r e r

Transversely framed plating Longitudinally framed plating

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Example – Plate

¢ L = 220 m

V ar ei ¢ Disp = 95,000 ton (at UIWL) d e Dr illi n g C o m p. In ¢ Sigy = 355 MPa c.

D N V E x p l o r e r

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Stiffening Arrangement

Vareide Drilling Comp. Inc.

DNV Explorer

Stern Mid bodyBow int. Bow

Ice belt Long. / Trans. Trans. Longitudinal Lower Long. / Trans. Trans. Trans. (except bilge area) Bottom Long. Long.

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Where to be a Direct Calculation?

° Not applicable for shell plating and local frames ° Load carrying stringers and web frames forming a part of grillage system ° Direct calculation may be used for the scantling control of the support structures for local frames (ex. top stiffeners, brackets) ° Design patch load only ° Linear or non-linear analysis – Buckling criteria (by class society) – Nominal shear stresses (yield/ 3) – Nominal von-Mises stresses (=1.15 *yield)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Direct Calculation

44 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Load Cases - Example

Load ICE patch load only (anywhere within ice belt) Static sea pressure + line load

Model ° LC1-A (ordinary frame) ° LC2-A: ordinary web frame (net scantling)

° LC1-B (TBHD)

° LC1-C (Stringer) °LC2-B: transverse bulkhead

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 45 Yield Check

Stiffener web: not used for evaluation

Top stiffener to be checked

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 PC - Corrosion/Abrasion Protection

° Min. corrosion/abrasion ts = 1.0 mm for all internal structures within ice-strengthened hull areas (plate, stiffener web and flange) ° Steel renewal is required when the gauged thickness is less than t_net+0.5 (mm)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Material Selection – Temperature for hull

Design temperature = -20°C

Service temperature = -20°C

Service temperature = 0°C

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Class – Hull Materials

° IACS UR I6 – minimum material grades (B/AH) for ships with ice strengthening ° All weather exposed plating of hull structures and appendages above 0.3m above the lower ice water line ° Applies to all inboard contiguous members within 600 mm of the exposed plating

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Polar Class - Steel Grade Selection

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Welding

IACS UR

° Weld connection of local frames (stiffeners), load carrying stringers and web frames supporting local frames: DNV GL – Weld factor, fweld = 0.31 rw, min. 0.26 for middle 60% of span = 0.52 rw, min. 0.43 at ends ° Weld throat thickness need not be greater than 0.5 x t (as built) of the abutting plate

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 ICE Class Notations for Column-stabilized units

° ICE-L: Baltic ice class / PC(6) or PC(7) ° Displacement at transit condition ° Min. machinery output (kW) (towing power for non-propulsion unit)

52 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Column Stabilized Unit

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Column Stabilized Unit

° Bow region 1) distance from the stem to a line parallel to and 0.04L aft of the forward borderline of the part of the pontoon where the waterline run parallel to the centreline (overlap: max.5m) 2) Shall not be taken less than the distance from the stem to the first point of the column footing where the tangential at the point is running parallel with the centreline of the pontoon

1) 2)

1) 1)

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Column Stabilized Unit

Special arrangement of min. bracing air clearance (H) : - 1.8m for ICE-1A(T) - 1.5m for ICE-1B(T) - 1.2m for ICE-1C(T) H

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Part I -A SAFETY MEASURES

56 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 4. Subdivision and stability ° Goal Ensure adequate subdivision and stability in both intact and damaged conditions. ° Functional requirements – Ships shall have sufficient stability in intact conditions when subject to ice accretion – Ships of category A and B, constructed on or after 1 Jan 2017, shall have sufficient residual stability to sustain ice-related damages

30kg/m2 on exposed weather decks and gangways 7.5kg/m2 for the projected lateral area of each side above the water plane

57 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Part I -A SAFETY MEASURES

58 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 5. Watertight and Weathertight Integrity ° Goal To provide measures to maintain watertight and weathertight integrity

° Functional requirements All closing appliances and doors relevant to watertight and weathertight integrity of the ship shall be operable

° Regulations

59 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 5. Watertight and Weathertight Integrity – Where ice accretion is likely, means shall be provided to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion around hatches and doors

60 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 5. Watertight and Weathertight Integrity – For ships intended to operate in low air temperature, if the hatches or doors are hydraulically operated, means shall be provided to prevent freezing or excessive viscosity of liquids

61 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 5. Watertight and Weathertight Integrity

– Watertight and weathertight doors, hatches and closing devices which are not within habitable environment and require access while at sea shall be designed to be operated by personnel wearing heavy winter clothing including thick mittens

DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Part I -A SAFETY MEASURES

63 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations

° Goal Ensure that machinery installations are capable of delivering the required functionality necessary for safe operation of ships

64 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation

Ice accumulation can occur to: - Atmospheric water Snow Rain Fog - Water spray from the sea High wind speed Low air & water temperature

65 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation

66 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation

67 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation

68 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against the effect of ice accretion and/or snow accumulation

69 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against ice ingestion from sea water

John I http://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports- reports/marine/2014/m14a0051/m14a0051.asp

70 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 6. Machinery installations ° machinery installations and associated equipment shall be protected against freezing and increased viscosity of liquids

° exposed machinery and electrical installation and appliances shall function at PST

° means shall be provided to ensure that combustion air for internal combustion engines driving essential machinery is maintained at a temperature in compliance with the criteria provided by the engine manufacturer

° For low air temperature operation, materials of exposed machinery and foundations shall be approved

° Scantlings of propeller blades, propulsion line, steering equipment and other appendages shall be approved by Administration or RO taking into account standards acceptable to the Organization or other standards offering an equivalent level of safety for Category A and B ships. ° For Category C ship, … taking into account acceptable standards adequate with the ice types and concentration encountered in the area of operation

77 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° Goal To ensure that fire safety systems and appliances are effective and operable, and that means of escape remain available to ensure safe escape to the lifeboat and life-rafts under expected environmental conditions

78 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° All components of fire safety systems and appliances if installed in exposed positions shall be protected from ice accretion and snow accumulation.

79 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° Local equipment and machinery controls shall be arranged so as to avoid freezing, snow accumulation and ice accretion and their location to remain accessible at all time.

80 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° The design of fire safety systems and appliances shall take into consideration the need for persons to wear bulky and cumbersome cold weather gear, where appropriate

81 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° Means shall be provided to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion from accesses

82 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° Extinguishing media shall be suitable for intended operation

83 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° If ship intends to operate in low air temperature, all components of fire safety systems and appliances shall be designed to ensure availability and effectiveness at PST

84 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 7. Fire Safety/Protection ° Materials used in exposed fire safety systems shall be suitable for operation at PST

° Regulations – Isolating and pressure/vacuum valves in exposed locations shall be protected from ice accretion and remain accessible at all times. – All two-way portable radio communication equipment shall be operable at PST. – Firefighter’s outfits shall be stored in warm locations on the ship

– Fire pumps (emergency fire pumps, water mist and water spray pumps) shall be located in compartments maintained above freezing 。 – The fire main is to be arranged so that exposed sections can be isolated and means of draining of exposed sections shall be provided. Fire hoses and nozzles need not be connected to the fire main at all times, and may be stored in protected locations near the hydrants.

88 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 8. Life Saving Appliances ° Goal Provide for safe escape, evacuation and survival. ° Regulations - Escape – Means to remove or prevent ice and snow accretion from escape routes, muster stations, embarkation areas, survival craft, its launching appliances and access to survival craft – Room on escape way for people wearing bulky polar survival clothing (NB)

° Regulations - Evacuation – Means to ensure safe evacuation of persons, including safe deployment of survival equipment, when operating in ice-covered waters, or directly onto the ice – Power for evacuation equipment from other sources than ship’s main source of power

° Regulations - Survival – for passenger ships, a proper sized immersion suit or a thermal protective aid shall be provided for each person on board – immersion suits shall be of the insulated type – search lights for life boats for ships operating extended periods of darkness – lifeboats partially or totally enclosed type – personal survival equipment and group survival equipment

° Protective clothing (hat, gloves, socks, face and neck protection, etc.) ° Thermal protective aid ° Sunglasses ° Whistle ° Drinking mug ° Penknife ° Polar survival guidance ° Emergency food ° Carrying bag

https://hansenprotection.com/polarcode/index.html

92 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Example group survival equipment ° Shelter ° Emergency food ° Thermal protective aids or similar ° Flashlights ° Sleeping bags ° Waterproof and windproof matches ° Foam sleeping mats or similar ° Whistle ° Shovels ° Signal mirror ° Sanitation (e.g. toilet paper) ° Water containers & water purification tablets ° Stove and fuel ° Spare set of personal survival equipment ° Group survival equipment container (waterproof and floatable)

https://www.viking-life.com/en/survival-kits-and-life-saving-appliances/polar- products/polar-solutions/5094-1069178-viking-group-survival-kit-gsk-one-size

° Regulations - Survival – Adequate emergency rations shall be provided, for the maximum expected time of rescue

° Regulations – Nautical information – Ships shall have means of receiving and displaying current information on ice conditions in the area of operation

° Regulations – Navigational equipment functionality – For ice strengthened ships constructed on or after 1 January 2017 two independent echo- sounding devices or one echo-sounding device with two separate independent transducers required – Clear view astern if possible

° Regulations – Navigational equipment functionality – Provide means to prevent the accumulation of ice on antennas required for navigation and communication – ships with ice strengthening: ∑where equipment required by SOLAS chapter V or this chapter have sensors that project below the hull, such sensors shall be protected against ice ∑in category A and B ships constructed on or after 1 January 2017, the bridge wings shall be enclosed or designed to protect navigational equipment and operating personnel

98 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 9. Safety of Navigation ° Regulations – Navigational equipment functionality – Ships shall have two non-magnetic means to determine and display their heading. Both means shall be independent and shall be connected to the ship's main and emergency source of power – Ships proceeding to latitudes over 80 degrees shall be fitted with at least one GNSS compass – Two remotely rotatable, narrow-beam search lights controllable from the bridge to provide lighting over an arc of 360 degrees, or other means to visually detect ice (Exception for operations in 24 h day light) – “Brake light” for icebreaker assisted operations, manually initiated flashing red light visible from astern to indicate when the ship is stopped

° Goal Effective communication for ships and survival craft during normal operation and in emergency situations ° Regulations – Ship communication – Communication equipment for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication considering high latitudes and the anticipated low temperature

– Two-way on-scene and SAR coordination communication capability in ships shall include: ∑voice and/or data communications with relevant rescue coordination centres ∑equipment for voice communications with aircraft ° Communication equipment shall provide for two-way voice and data communication with a Telemedical Assistance Service

° Regulations – Survival craft and rescue boat communications capabilities – for distress alerting, carry one device for transmitting ship to shore alerts – EPIRB – in order to be located, carry one device for transmitting signals for location – SART – for on-scene communications, carry one device for transmitting and receiving – VHF ° ships intended to operate in low air temperature all other survival craft shall: – in order to be located, carry one device for transmitting signals for location – SART – For on-scene communications, carry one device for transmitting and receiving ° Recognizing the limitations arising from battery life, procedures shall be developed and implemented such that mandatory communication equipment for use in survival craft, including liferafts, and rescue boats are available for operation during the maximum expected time of rescue.

103 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 11. Voyage Planning ° Goal To ensure that the Company, Master and Crew are provided with sufficient information to ensure safety for the ship and persons on board and, as appropriate, environmental protection. ° Requirement – The voyage plan shall take into account the potential hazards of the intended voyage – The master shall plan the route through polar waters including: Procedures required by PWOM Any limitations related to hydrographic information Iceberg information along the route Statistical metocean data including ice and temperatures from former years Places of refuge Possible presence of marine mammals Possible protected areas Available SAR resources

• Ice type and concentration is continuously changing • 100% ice coverage of one ice type is very rare in practice • Need for a Decision Support System

Don’t operate Actual ice condition More cautious Ice class of ship POLARIS operation Ice breaker support or independent Operate

INPUT RISK LEVEL OPERATION

106 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 Chapter 12. Manning and training ° Goal Ensure that ships operating in polar waters are appropriately manned by adequately qualified, trained and experienced personnel

° Chapter 1 Prevention of Pollution from oil – To provide for means to reduce and to the extent practicable prevent harmful environmental impacts from oil from ships, taking into account the particular environmental conditions and resilience capabilities in polar waters. – Plans, manuals, records and procedures and means shall be provided to avoid environmental impact – Ships shall be designed and have plans to minimize the risk of any environmental impact from oil or oily mixtures in case of an emergency situation, in particular one that may lead to an oil spill in ice-covered waters. – In Arctic waters any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited

° Chapter 2 noxious liquid substances – No discharge in Arctic Waters ° Chapter 4 sewage from ships – Limitation for discharge ° Chapter 5 garbage – Limitation for discharge

The code includes requirements to: ° Vessel, structure and stability ° Navigation equipment ° Materials (temperature) ° Life boats and life saving equipment ° Fire safety ° Training ° Certification – follow up by flag/port state

Main objective: - reduce risk to an acceptable level

Maritime Advisory

We help clients to mobilise the full potential of their assets and operations . Service We offer technical and management support and assist clients in managing risk through high value advisory services.

° Shipping Advisory ° Hydrodynamics ° Concept Advisory Areas of ° Mechanical & Systems Engineering Expertise ° Safety, Risk & Reliability ° Structures ° Lifecycle Management ° Noise & Vibration

° Part of DNV GL Maritime ° Almost 100 services mobilizing the full potential of our client’s assets and operations ° ~250 highly skilled staff Facts ° 5% of annual revenue invested into R&D ° Offices in Norway, Germany, China, Singapore, USA, Japan and ° Vast computational capacities Australia

115 DNV GL © 17 October 2018 DNV GL services to help in Polar Code compliance ° Operational assessment ° Structural analysis for checking ice class equivalency ° Stability analysis considering ice and snow accretion ° Risk analysis of planned voyages in polar areas ° Assistance with developing PWOM

www.dnvgl.com