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Home , James Freeman Clarke, John Thornton Kirkland, Joseph Willard, Lemuel Shaw, Phillips Brooks, Robert Charles Winthrop

CONTENTS Page Foreword xi Preface xiii Chapter I. Three Centuries of Public Education in , 1635- 1935 1 II. The Development of Support of the in the Colonial and Provincial Periods 27 III. Administration and Supervision 54 IV. Discipline and Corporal Punishment 77 V. Biographical Sketches of the Masters and Ushers of the Boston Latin School 87 VI. Biographical Sketches of Some Famous Pupils of the Boston Latin School 125 VII. Location of the Boston Latin School Buildings .... 232 VIII. The Development of the Curriculum of the Boston Latin School 252 IX. Old Textbooks Used at the Boston Latin School from 1635 to 1876 306 X. Methods of Teaching Special Subjects 373 XI. Conclusion 386

APPENDICES I. History of the Queen Street Writing School, the Centre School, and the Adams School 390 II. History of the North Writing School and the Eliot School 396 III. History of the North Grammar School 401 IV. History of the Muddy River Writing School 406 V. History of the Rumney Marsh Writing School .... 407 VI. History of the South Writing School and the Franklin School 410 VII. History of the Spinning Schools 416 VIII. History of the Southermost Writing School and the South Reading School . 418 IX. History of the New North Writing School and the North Reading School , 420 X. "The System of Public Education, Adopted by the Town of Boston, 15th Octob. 1789." 423 XI. Members of the Boston School Committee from 1789 through 1822 430 XII. Boston School Committee Manuscript Documents from 1789 through 1822 432 XIII. History of the Mayhew School 438

xix XX

XIV. History of the Hawes School in South Boston .... 440 XV. History of the Smith School for Colored Children . . 441 XVI. History of the Boylston School 443 XVII. History of the Primary Schools 444 XVIII. History of Private Schools 445 XIX. List of Private Teachers in Boston Compiled from the Town Records and Selectmen's Minutes 447 XX. List of Private Teachers in Boston Compiled from Old Newspapers, Manuscripts, and Suffolk County Probate Records 456 XXI. List of Public and Private Teachers in Boston Compiled from the Town Directories, 1789-1822 457 XXII. History of the School of Mutual Instruction .... 470 XXIII. History of the English Classical School [The English High School] 471 XXIV. List of the Subscribers to the Support of the Boston Latin School in 1636 472 XXV. Salaries of Masters and Ushers of the Boston Latin School from 1635 to 1796 474 XXVI. Salaries of Masters and Ushers of the North [Latin] Grammar School from 1713 to 1789 477 XXVII. Appropriation for Salaries from 1789 through 1821 . . 479 XXVIII. Number of Pupils in the Two Latin Grammar Schools from 1738 to 1789 480 XXIX. Graph Showing Number of Pupils in the Boston Latin School from 1738 to 1789 482 XXX. Chart Showing the Growth of the Boston Latin School from 1789 to 1935 483 XXXI. The Teaching Staff of the Boston Public Latin School from 1635 to 1935 486 XXXII. The Position of the Schools in the Life of the Community 502 XXXIII. A Parody on Virgil's Mneid, Written by George San- tayana in 1881 for the Latin School Register .... 506 XXXIV. The Tercentenary Celebration of the Boston Latin School on April 22 and 23, 1935 522 Bibliography Index ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS Boston Latin Schoolhouse Erected in 1704 Frontispiece 5 Henry Vane 6 Record of a Town Vote to Choose a Schoolmaster 7 Record of a Vote to Establish Two Free Schools 11 South-End Petitioners for Another School, 1715-16 12 Bonner's Map of Boston, 1722 14-15 Boston Boys Protesting to General Haldimand 17 xx i

General Court Land Grant 37 Comparison of Salaries of Grammar Master and of Prices of Food in 1794 and 1796 44 Masters' Request for Increase in Salary, in 1798 4S Ushers' Request for Increase in Salary, in 1797 46 A Petition of 1687 or 1688 56 A Town Vote for School Inspectors 57 59 Program for a Visitation 62 Order of Exercises at the Boston Latin School on August 21, 1816 63 Order of Declamation at the Boston Latin School on June 19, 1830 64 66 John Phillips 67 William E. Channing 68 Joseph S. Buckminster 69 70 Letter of Masters to School Committee, Declining to Suggest Altera- tions in the "New System of Education" 72 Letter of , President of Harvard, 1781-1804 .... 74 Letter of Timothy Dwight, President of Yale, 1795-1817 .... 75 A Latin School Report Card of 1829 85 An Appointment and Record of Contributions 89 Autographs of Masters and Ushers of the Boston Latin School . . 91 A Broadside—The Grammarians Funeral by Benjamin Tompson . 93 The Appointment of Ezekiel Cheever 94 John Lovell 97 Page of James Lovell's Catalogue of Students of the Boston Latin School 98 William Biglow 100 Charles Knapp Dillaway 103 Epes Sargent Dixwell 104 Francis Gardner 106 Moses Merrill 108 Arthur Irving Fiske 109 Henry Pennypacker Ill Patrick Thomas Campbell 112 Joseph Lawrence Powers 113 Vote of Selectmen to Appoint Assistant 115 Letter of Edward Wigglesworth, Dated January 5, 1718/19 . . . 117 Resignation of Joseph Dana 124 127 William Stoughton ... 128 Cotton Mather 130 Benjamin Lynde 131 Benjamin Colman 132 134 William Cooper 135 xxii

Charles Chauncy 137 Mather Byles 138 140 Joseph Callender's Receipt for Making Twenty-One Franklin Medals 141 The Franklin Medals 142 Thomas Hutchinson 143 Page of Latin Oration Written by Andrew Eliot in 1733 .... 144 146 Samuel Cooper 148 ISO 152 153 Jonathan Jackson 1S6 Josiah Quincy 158 Henry Knox 160 William Dummer Powell 163 Christopher' Gore 165 James Freeman 168 Isaac Coffin 169 Charles Bulfinch 170 Harrison Gray Otis 172 John Lowell 173 John C. Warren 176 179 Samuel A. Eliot 181 183 188 190 191 Approbation Card Presented to Charles Sumner on February 1, 1823 192 The Franklin Medal for Scholarship Given to Charles Sumner . . 194 Robert Charles Winthrop 195 Wendell Phillips 197 George Edward Ellis 199 . 201 203 Frederick Octavius Prince 205 Charles Smith Bradley 208 Edward Everett Hale 209 Report Card of Benjamin Apthorp Gould, Jr 212 Paul J. Revere 214 215 Samuel Pierpont Langley 217 Justin Winsor 219 Phillips Brooks 220 Henry Lee Higginson 222 Robert Treat Paine 223 xxiii

Charles Francis Adams 225 Cyrus Cobb 226 227 Horace E. Scudder 230 Plans of School Street in 1643, 1722, and 1798 by Mr. Samuel C. Clough 234 Map of the Book of Possessions 236 A Town Vote to Build a Schoolhouse 238 Contract for Building the Schoolhouse 240 Conjectural Drawing of the Boston Latin School in Accordance with the Contract between the Selectmen of Boston and Mr. John Barnard, July 24, 1704 241 First Schoolhouse on South Side of School Street, 1748-1812 ... 243 A Town Vote Concerning the Schoolhouse Cellar 245 Second Schoolhouse on South Side of School Street, 1812-1844 . . 246 Bedford Street Schoolhouse 247 The Boston Latin Schoolhouse on Warren Avenue 248 The Present Boston Latin Schoolhouse on Avenue Louis Pasteur . . 249 Statue of "Alma Mater" by Richard Saltonstall Greenough . . . 250 Title-page of the First Book Printed in Boston 254 Title-page of Corderius Americanus 257 Nathaniel Williams's Account of the Curriculum of the Boston Latin School in 1712 261 List of Textbooks Used in the Boston Latin School from 1752 to 1759, by Benjamin Dolbeare, Jr 263 Report Card of Samuel Lothrop Thorndike 276 Page of Record Book of the First Class of the Boston Latin School in February, 1851 277 Title-page of An English Grammar: or, A Plain Exposition of Lilie's Grammar in English 309 Title-page of Charles Hoole's The Common Rudiments of Latine Grammar 311 First Edition of A Short Introduction to the Latin Tongue, Popu- larly Known as Cheever's Accidence 318 Ninth Edition of Cheever's Accidence 319 Title-page of Hermes Romanus 321 Title-page of Sebastien Castellion's Dialogorum Sacrorum Libri IV 328 Title-page of Lucius Florus's History of Rome 332 Title-page of Calliepeia, or a rich store-house of proper, choyce, and elegant Latine words, and Phrases 341 Title-page of Gradus ad Parnassum 342 Title-page of William Camden's Greek Grammar ...·.... 344 Page of Dr. Richard Busby's Grmca Grammatics: Rudimenta . . 346 Title-page of Homer's Iliad 350 Title-page of Robert Record's Arithmeticke 359 Title-page of Isaac Greenwood's Arithmetick Vulgar and Decimal . 362 xxiv Letter of John Vinall, Describing his System of Arithmetic .... 364 Title-page of Warren Colburn's Intellectual Arithmetic 365 Title-page of Jedidiah Morse's Geography Made Easy 369 Title-page of Abiah Holbrook's Demonstration of Penmanship . . 381 Detail of Page of Abiah Holbrook's Demonstration of Penmanship . 382 Page from Abiah Holbrook's Demonstration of Penmanship . . . 383 Letter of Jonathan Snelling 385 Seal of the Boston Latin School 388 Caleb Bingham's Acceptance of Appointment as Master of the Centre Reading School 391 A List of Applicants for Admission into the Centre Reading School, June, 1790 392 Letter of Caleb Bingham, Requesting a Vacation 393 The Adams Schoolhouse Erected in 1848 394 An Application for the Position of Schoolmaster 397 The Eliot Schoolhouse Erected in 1838 398 John Tileston 399 Letter of Peleg Wiswall, dated May 1, 1729, Addressed to the Select- men 403 Thomas Cheever's Account of Scholars at Rumney Marsh Writing School 408 The Franklin Schoolhouse Erected in 1845 411 Tremont Street in 1800, Showing Master Webb's South Writing Schoolhouse on West Street 412 Letter of Elisha Ticknor to School Committee 414 John Vinall 415 Signers of a Petition in 1753 Asking the Government to Encourage the Manufacture of Linen 417 Petition in Favor of Samuel Cheney, Signed by Samuel Adams and Others 421 The System of Public Education, Adopted by the Town of Boston, 15th Octob. 1789 423-429 The Mayhew Schoolhouse Erected in 1847 438 The Hawes Schoolhouse Erected in 1823 439 The Smith Schoolhouse Erected in 1834 442 The Boylston Schoolhouse Erected in 1819 443 Graph Showing Number of Pupils in the Boston Latin School from 1738 to 1789 482 Broadside Catalogue of Students at the Boston Latin School in 1819 483