Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset
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T H A M E S V A L L E Y ARCHAEOLOGICAL S E R V I C E S S O U T H W E S T Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset Desk-based Heritage Assessment by Richard Tabor Site Code WDD13/131 (SZ 1780 9510) Prospective Solar Site, Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset Desk-based Heritage Assessment for New Forest Energy Ltd by Richard Tabor Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code WDD13/131 July 2013 Summary Site name: Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset Grid reference: SZ 178 951 Site activity: Desk-based heritage assessment Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Richard Tabor Site code: WDD13/131 Area of site: c. 45 ha Summary of results: The site lies within an area of moderate archaeological potential, which has not previously been subject to much previous archaeological investigation. The nature of the development proposal is likely to involve only slight disturbance to the relevant horizons and a watching brief should provide adequate mitigation of any adverse impact. If this is required, this could be secured by an appropriately worded condition attached to any planning consent granted. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. All TVAS unpublished fieldwork reports are available on our website: www.tvas.co.uk/reports/reports.asp. Report edited/checked by: Steve Preston 8.08.12 Steve Ford 08.08.13 i TVAS (South West),Unit 21, Apple Business Centre, Taunton TA2 6BB Tel. (01823) 288 284; Fax (01823) 272 462; email [email protected]; website : www.tvas.co.uk Prospective Solar Site, Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset Desk-based Heritage Assessment by Richard Tabor Report 13/131 Introduction This report is an assessment of the archaeological potential of a large parcel of land located west of Waterditch Farm, Lower Waterditch, Christchurch, Dorset (NGR SZ 1780 9510) (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Mr Jeremy Hinton of New Forest Energy Ltd, Meyrick Estate Office, Hinton Admiral, Christchurch, Dorset, BH23 7DU, and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. Planning permission is to be sought from Christchurch Borough Council to develop the site as a Solar Farm. Site description, location and geology Waterditch Farm is on the coastal plain between Christchurch and Bransgore, south-west of the New Forest. The proposal site is 800m west of the village of Burton and 1km north of the A35 ring-road around the north of Christchurch, east Dorset. It comprises an area of c. 45ha divided into seven fields, bounded by Hill Lane bridle way (Pl. 1) to the south, Hawthorne Road to the west and extant field boundaries to the north and east (Fig. 1). Trees conceal a broad ditch (Pl. 2) along the north side of Waterditch Lane which divides the two northern fields from those to the south. Waterditch Farm itself is set on a low rise at slightly over 10m above Ordnance Datum (aOD). The proposal area is essentially flat at 9–10m aOD. On the west of the proposal area fields 1, 2, 4 and 6 were under wheat (Pls 3 – 6) and to the east fields 3, 5, and 7 (Pls 7 – 9) were under maize at the time of the site visit. An area of set-aside in Field 7 included small plantations of saplings at its south end surrounded by scrub and bolted grass (Pls 9 and 10). A mound of earth covered in recently regenerated vegetation had been deposited c. 15m north of the access from Waterditch Lane. Plantation strips of mature trees, c. 20m wide, form windbreaks between the fields on the west and east sides of the proposal site (Pls 3-9). Quaternary river terrace deposits of the proto Solent river of sand and gravel overlie solid geology of Boscombe Formation Palaeogene sedimentary sand deposits derived from a shoreline setting (BGS 1991). In general the soils are free-draining, slightly acid loams of low fertility (NSRI 2013). 1 Planning background and development proposals Planning permission is to be sought from Christchurch Borough Council to develop the site as a Solar Farm. The Department for Communities and Local Government’s National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012) sets out the framework within which local planning authorities should consider the importance of conserving, or enhancing, aspects of the historic environment, within the planning process. It requires an applicant for planning consent to provide, as part of any application, sufficient information to enable the local planning authority to assess the significance of any heritage assets that may be affected by the proposal. The Historic Environment is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as: ‘All aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged, and landscaped and planted or managed flora.’ Paragraphs 128 and 129 state that ‘128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. ‘129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the proposal.’ A ‘heritage asset’ is defined (NPPF 2012, 52) as ‘A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage asset includes designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).’ ‘Designated heritage asset’ includes (NPPF 2012, 51) any ‘World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area designated under the relevant legislation.’ ‘Archaeological interest’ is glossed (NPPF 2012, 50) as follows: ‘There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.’ 2 Specific guidance on assessing significance and the impact of the proposal is contained in paragraphs 131 to 135: ‘131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: • the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; • the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and • the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness. ‘132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional. ‘133. Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: • the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and • no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and • conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and • the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. ‘134. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use. ‘135. The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.