A Description of Methapor Found in Bon Jovi's Album Cross Road
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A Description of Methapor found in Bon Jovi’s Album Cross Road A PAPER WRITTEN BY : M. ADI PRASETYO REG. NO. 152202015 DIPLOMA III ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I am, M. ADI PRASETYO, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where reference is made in the text of this thesis, this contains no material published else where or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person‟s works has been used without due acknowledgements in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education. Signed : Date : i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Name : M. ADI PRASETYO Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHOR IN BON JOVI‟s ALBUM CROSS ROAD Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of diploma III english program study, Faculty of Cultural Study USU on the uderstanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia. Signed : Date : ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This study entitled ‘A Description of Metaphor in Bon Jovi’s Album Cross Road’ is an attempt to identify kinds of metaphor and to analyze the meaning of metaphor in the song lyrics. Metaphor is part of figurative language that compares one thing to another. Metaphor helps speakers or writer to describe about two different things. Mtaphor is not only found in a poem but also in a song. The method used in this research is descriptive method. In collecting the data, the writer uses theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980) about metaphor conceptual theory to identify kinds of metaphor.Then the writer analized the meaning to determine target and source based on theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results of this study show that there are 18 Structural metaphor, 5 Orientational metaphor and 11 Ontological metaphor. The meaning of lyrics are various. Every word is transferred from abstract to concrete meaning and each lyric refers to certain object of target and source. Keywords : Metaphoric Meaning, Songs by Bon Jovi, Conceptual metaphor, Orientational metaphor, Ontological metaphor. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Tugas Akhir ini berjudul ; „A Description of Metaphor in Bon Jovi’s album Cross Road’ yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan jenis jenis metafora dan analisis dari makna yang ada didalam lagu.Metafora merupakan bagian dari gaya bahasa yang membandingkan suatu hal ke hal lainnya. Metafora membantu pembicara dan penulis untuk mendeskripsikan tentang perbedaan dua hal. Metafora tak hanya ditemukan dalam puisi tetapi ditemukan juga dalam lagu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan teori dari Lakoff & Johnson (1980) tentang metafora konseptual untuk menggolongkan jenis-jenis metafora. Kemudian penulis menganalisa arti berdasarkan sasaran dan sumber berdasarkan teori Lakoff dan Johnson (1980). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ada 18 metafora struktural, 5 metafora orientasional dan 11 metafora ontologi. Makna dari setiap lirik berbeda beda. Setiap kata dirubah dari bentuk abstrak ke bentuk yang jelas dan setiap lirik merujuk pada objek target dan sumber tertentu .Kata kunci: Makna metafor, Lagu-lagu Bon Jovi, Metafora konseptual, Metafora orientasi, Metafora ontologi. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, I would like to express my gratitude to God Almighty Allah SWT who gives me health, time, love and strength in my life to finish this paper in order to fulfill one of the requirements to finish my study at English Department, University of Sumatera Utara.. Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love and appreciation: 1. To Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S as the dean of the Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. 2. To Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as the head of English Department program and as my supervisor for her time in giving and suggesting for this paper. 3. To Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd.and Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S., M.Hum, as my examiners for their time guiding and giving suggestion and support to improve this paper. 4. To all Lecturers in English Department Program for giving me instruction, tuition and knowledge. 5. To my parents Matrejo and Istiqomah who have patiently given their moral values, financial support, advice, love, and prayers for me. To my beloved sister, Rizky Aulia Isma. Thank you for the material and emotional support. You all know how much I love you and I present this paper for you. v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 6. To my dearest one, Sonya Misrani thank you for your support wether morally or mentally, giving me advice and suggestion, the one that care me so much, the only people that always stand by my since I knew her. Much gratitude for your effort so I can compile and finish this paper. 7. Last but not least thank you for my friends, Sastrawan Pelawi, Muhammad Fauzi Ardilla, Yusnaini Yusda, Sonya Pangaribuan. Medan, December 28th 2018 M. Adi Prasetyo 152202015 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ........................................................................ i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem of Study ........................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objective of Study ......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Scope of Study ............................................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of Study .................................................................................... 5 1.6 Method of Research ....................................................................................... 5 2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES ........................................................... 6 2..1 Poetry ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Metaphor ........................................................................................................ 9 3. ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Structural Metaphor ................................................................................. 12 3.1.1 Someday I‟ll be Saturday Night ................................................................ 12 3.1.2 You Give Love a Bad Name ..................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Bad Medicine ............................................................................................. 22 3.2 Oreintational Metaphor ............................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Someday I‟ll be Saturday Night ................................................................ 25 3.2.2 You Give Love a Bad Name ..................................................................... 27 3.2.3 Bad Medicine ............................................................................................. 28 3.3 Ontology Metaphor ................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Someday I‟ll Be Saturday Night ................................................................ 29 3.3.2 You Give Love a Bad Name ..................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Bad Medicine ............................................................................................. 35 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Conclusion and Suggestions........................................................................ 38 4.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 38 4.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................... 38 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 40 APPENDIXES ................................................................................................... 41 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study Literature has been widely known by many people and experts. The word „literature‟ is derived from the word „littera‟ in Latin which means letter. It refers to the written or printed words. However, now, the term „literature‟ is more focused and restricted to merely imaginative works, which comes up from the imaginative mind of the story writers. Klarer