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Masterthesis Elizabethdebever S T A N D A R D F R O N T P A G E F O R E X A M I N A T I O N P A P E R S To be filled in by the student(s). Please use capital letters. Subjects: (tick box) Project Synopsis Portfolio Thesis X Written Assignment Study programme: MA Tourism Semester: 10 Exam Title: Master Thesis Name and date of birth/ Name(s) and student number(s) Date(s) of birth Names and dates of birth of group Name: Elizabeth Maria Petronella de Bever 21-09-1993 members: Student Number: 20172280 Name:Camilla Haugaard Kristensen 16-08-1990 Student Number: 20172284 Hand in date: 02-06-2019 Project title /Synopsis Title/Thesis SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE PLACE MAKING Title A Case Study of Tourism’s Effect on 8Tallet and Ørestad Gymnasium According to the study regulations, 336.000 the maximum number of keystrokes of the paper is: Number of keystrokes (one standard 286.857 page = 2400 keystrokes, including spaces) (table of contents, bibliography and appendix do not count)* Supervisor (project/synopsis/thesis): Martin Trandberg Jensen I/we hereby declare that the work submitted is my/our own work. I/we understand that plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else's work as one's own without crediting the original source. I/we are aware that plagiarism is a serious offense, and that anyone committing it is liable to academic sanctions. Rules regarding Disciplinary Measures towards Students at Aalborg University (PDF): http://plagiat.aau.dk/GetAsset.action?contentId=4117331&assetId=4171389 Date and signature(s): Elizabeth Maria Petronella de Bever, 2th of June 2019 Camilla Haugaard Kristensen, 2th of June 2019 * Please note that you are not allowed to hand in the paper if it exceeds the maximum number of keystrokes indicated in the study regulations. Handing in the paper means using an exam attempt. SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE PLACE MAKING A Case Study of Tourism’s Effect On 8Tallet and Ørestad Gymnasium A Master Thesis by Elizabeth M.P. de Bever and Camilla H. Kristensen Aalborg University Copenhagen MA Tourism - June 2019 Supervised by Martin Trandberg Jensen Keystrokes: 286.857 Abstract This master thesis examines tourism presence in Ørestad, where urban everyday places like the residential 8Tallet and the high school Ørestad Gymnasium are dealing with tourism. Due to the form of architecture tourism, where tourists visit particular places to view and experience unique types of architecture, Ørestad receives interest from visitors all over the world to gaze upon the award-winning buildings. However, as such places are initially not planned with a tourism purpose, the tourism encounter entails both challenges and opportunities when the ordinary life for the locals is transformed into an extraordinary tourist experience. Due to tourism being so close to the locals’ everyday, it inevitably shapes their lives and places, as well as the social sustainability hereof. As tourism in Copenhagen is increasing and strategically pushed by Wonderful Copenhagen towards sub-districts, it is necessary to research how it affects the local community. In addition to the desire for architecture, the trend of tourists wanting to experience authentic local experiences is enhanced. This means that tourists seek to become temporary locals instead of visiting staged tourism attractions. Thus, local neighbourhoods like Ørestad are becoming increasingly interesting in the eyes of tourists. This has led to a research question that aims to understand the effects of tourism in such everyday places on a more profound level, namely the lived experiences of the locals living, working and studying in these places. Consequently, central to this research is the voice of the locals, whilst exploring the power structures and responsibilities of various actors regarding tourism management in the place. In order to assure an in-depth, reflexive and problem-driven understanding of the case studies, the research takes a phronetic social science approach. Thus, the philosophical approach is guided by social constructivism, particularly informed by qualitative and primary empirical material in terms of in-depth interviews, observation and netnography. To explore how places are planned, designed and managed, the theoretical framework discusses the notion of place making and seeks to contribute to the field by taking an underexplored tourism approach. For tourism and the everyday life to be sustainable in such places, it is vital to consider its effects on the locals’ quality of life and wellbeing. Therefore, the notion of social sustainability is researched through various physical and non-physical factors that impact the ethics of tourism and the social sustainability in places. Ultimately, our analysis shows a need for developing a new concept within the understanding of place making. As place making rarely acknowledges the tourism context, it often takes an economic perspective. However, our research shows that there is a definite need for a more profound understanding of how tourism affects the social life, and how this should be 1 Elizabeth de Bever and Camilla Kristensen, Tourism Master Thesis, June 2019 considered in the designing and planning of places. This is particularly necessary as boundaries between absolute publicness and absolute privacy are blurring, leaving private places affected by tourism. Thus, the new concept of Socially Sustainable Place Making emerges, which contributes to place making theory by providing a combination of tourism, social sustainability and the importance of the overlooked private spheres within place making. As these elements are proved vital in urban places where tourism flourishes, Socially Sustainable Place Making is suggested as an additive to traditional place making and to serve as a vital part of strategic development plans for cities in the future. Keywords Place Making, Socially Sustainable Tourism, Ørestad, 8Tallet, Ørestad Gymnasium, Architecture Tourism, Socially Sustainable Place Making. 2 Elizabeth de Bever and Camilla Kristensen, Tourism Master Thesis, June 2019 Personal Motivations and Acknowledgement As we went on the study tour ‘Conceiving New Urban Neighbourhoods’ in Ørestad during the 8th semester of our Tourism Programme, our interest towards understanding the tensions in this new district within Copenhagen arose. Especially the way locals and visitors dwell and co- perform such new urban places made us enthusiastic for this specific topic: “The study tour made clear that Ørestad is dealing with certain conflicts regarding tourism presence in private spaces. This created a curiosity from my side to understand this newly built area on a more profound level and to dive deeper into how tourism is shaping such urban places and affecting its communities.” - Elizabeth de Bever “I find it particularly interesting to study the opportunities and challenges that arise when tourism develops in places that are not intentionally constructed with tourism on the agenda. This is particularly interesting in Ørestad, as it contains a lot of internationally-known buildings in which locals live, study and work, and where atmospheres and physical spheres are constructed and negotiated by locals and tourists.” - Camilla Kristensen During this process, several people have been of great support. Firstly, we want to express our gratitude to our supervisor Martin Trandberg Jensen, who has engaged himself with our master thesis from the very beginning and was part of our learning process. We are thankful for his useful insights, feedback and inspiration. Furthermore, we would like to thank various people who have willingly shared their precious time during the collection of empirical material in the form of in-depth interviews and observations. Lastly, we appreciate our loved ones, who have been patiently supported us throughout the entire master study, which especially was valued during the writing process of this thesis. We are grateful for all who have helped us on a professional and personal level throughout this learning process. Elizabeth M. P. de Bever and Camilla H. Kristensen 3 Elizabeth de Bever and Camilla Kristensen, Tourism Master Thesis, June 2019 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Personal Motivations and Acknowledgement 3 Table of Contents 4 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Spatial Context 8 2. Philosophical and Methodological Approach 10 2.1 Phronetic Social Science 10 2.2 Social Constructivism 12 2.3 Designing the Research 13 2.4 Quality of the Research 21 2.5 Delimitation 23 2.6 Summary of Methodological Approach 24 3. Theoretical Framework 25 3.1 Place Making 26 3.1.2 Place Making as a Tool for Community Development 31 3.1.3 The Place in Place Making 32 3.1.4 Everyday Places Transformed into Tourism Places 35 3.1.5 Summary of Place Making Theory 38 3.2 Socially Sustainable Tourism and Place Making 40 3.2.1 The Origins and Definitions of Sustainability 40 3.2.2 Defining Social Sustainability 43 3.2.3 Socially Sustainable Development of Tourism Places 45 3.2.4 Summary of Social Sustainability Theory 55 4. Analysis of Tourism Impacts on Socially Sustainable Place Making in Ørestad 57 4.1 How Tourism Affects the Locals’ Feeling of Belonging to Places in Ørestad 58 4.2 The Local Involvement in the Host-Guest Relationship in Ørestad 67 4.3 The Role of Materiality in Everyday Tourism Places in Ørestad 82 4.4 The Power Structures and Responsibilities in Managing Tourism in Ørestad 97 5. Socially Sustainable Place Making in a Tourism Setting; Introducing a New Concept 103 6. Conclusion 107 7. Bibliography 110 4 Elizabeth de Bever and Camilla Kristensen, Tourism Master Thesis, June 2019 1. Introduction “We call it the zoo or the fish tank because all tourists who walk by just stare right into the apartment and at us” - Resident at 8Tallet (Appendix 6: 28) “I think we feel most at home in these kind of buildings that are actually designed for the locals. We had to sneak in to a lot of places (...) It is like “why not”?” - Tourist in Ørestad (Appendix 4: 9) Tourism numbers in Copenhagen are expected to grow with 60 per cent from 2011 until 2025 (Wonderful Copenhagen 2019a: 2).
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