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Rune Andersson Lennart Ljung Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder Torsten Persson Ingenjörer utan gränser fixar vatten i Tanzania 8 Lagförslag ska underlätta för forskare som använder register 12 IVAAKTUELLT NR 5 2018. GRUNDAD 1930 MEDALJÖRER Rune Andersson Lennart Ljung Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder Torsten Persson Plastkulor var Bofors vapen 1950-talet – när Sverige Försenade experimentbyggen i marknadskrig om tandkräm var stort på Big science hot mot forskningen vid Max IV IVA Opinion Forskning och innovation nycklar till hållbart samhälle mfattande skogsbränder i Sverige, det. Och i mitten av 1990-talet kopplades globalt värmerekord i Afrika, krafti- pc:n ihop med internet tack vare forskare ga monsunregn i Indien och orkaner vid CERN. En av årets nobelpristagare, i USA och Filippinerna. Klimatfors- Francis Arnold, har lyckats med att utveckla kare menar att 2018 riskerar att gå metodik för att ta fram enzymer som nu Otill historien som året då global uppvärmning används för att tillverka allt från biobräns- förstärkte extremväder runt hela vårt klot och len till läkemedel. varnar: vi är på väg mot en uppvärmning med Historien upprepar sig sällan. Men den 2 grader redan om 30-50 år. lär oss att ett kunskapssamhälle ska byggas TUULA TEERI på en stabil vetenskaplig grund med lång- Men det behöver inte sluta med apo- siktiga forskningssatsningar. kalyps. Nyligen lanserades rapporten »Historien upp- ”Exponential Climate Action Roadmap”. För att forskning ska komma till nytta Den inger hopp: det investeras just nu måste resultaten spridas effektivt. Här har repar sig sällan. biljoner i fossilfri teknik. Världens vind- och svenska universitet och högskolor en stor Men den lär oss solkraft fördubblas vart fjärde år. Försiktigt utmaning. Grundbulten är att forsknings- räknat kan hälften av världens elproduktion resultat förmedlas i den högre utbildningen. att ett kunskaps- komma från sol och vind 2030. Nyutexaminerade ingenjörer, läkare och Satsningarna bygger på stora framsteg samhällsvetare tar med sig färsk kunskap samhälle ska inom en rad forsknings- och utvecklings- ut i samhället. Det kräver att professorer i områden. Grundforskning inom materi- forskningens framkant också undervisar. byggas på en alteknik öppnade för solcellsboomen samti- Studenter behöver praktiska kunskaper, digt som hållbar teknik har blivit billigare utöver det som lärare vid institutionerna stabil vetenskap- och effektivare. kan erbjuda. Därför bör kunskap utanför lig grund med Inom IT-området går också utvecklingen akademin ingå i undervisningen: indu- snabbt. Samhället digitaliseras och mycket striforskare, experter och entreprenörer långsiktiga forsk- blir enklare med intelligenta maskiner och kan bjudas in att delta i undervisningen. smarta algoritmer. En allt hårdare global Studenterna bör få i uppgift att lösa verkliga ningssatsningar.« konkurrens och mer komplex teknik ökar industriella utmaningar. kraven på högre utbildning, forskning och Det krävs också insatser inom andra innovation. Kan vi lära oss någonting av områden för att forskning ska komma IT-samhällets framväxt för att tackla utma- till nytta i näringslivet. IVA bidrar genom ningarna för vår planet? projektet Research2Business. Här skapar vi en mötesplats där företag möter forskare. En sak är säker: vägen är lång mellan Universitetens innovationskontor bidrar grundforskning och teknikgenombrott. till projektet med sina unika kompetenser. Grunden till halvledartekniken lades redan IVA:s roll är att se till att möten leder till på 1920-talet. Forskare på Bell labs fick nyttiggörande av forskningsresultat. Samti- 1956 nobelpriset för transistorn. På 1960- digt vill vi stimulera akademi och närings- och 1970-talet krävde datorer stora hallar. liv till att lära från varandra för att stärka 1981 flyttade Microsoft datorn till skrivbor- Sveriges konkurrenskraft. »Naturvetenska- »För alla städer, länder »Man ser att omställning- pen är ganska och företag gäller det en till nya energisystem tydlig: det behö- att attrahera ung, välut- börjar ta fart. Det finns så ver inte gå åt hel- bildad personal. De vill många positiva konsekvenser, sicke. Fönstret till leva väl, men rent och som bättre hälsa för människor, en hanterlig planet är öppet, hållbart och göra bättre luft i städerna och ökad produktivitet i om så bara på glänt. Avgörandet så litet klimat- jordbruket.« är i våra händer.« avtryck som möjligt.« Professor Johan Kuylenstierna, vice ordförande i Klimatpolitiska Miljöprofessor Johan Rockström skriver om en rådet, om rapporten från FN:s klimatpanel IPCC i DN varmare värld, risken för en ”Hothouse Earth” i Di. Lotta Engzell-Larsson, ledarskribent i Di. 2 IVA AKTUELLT IVA Innehåll 6 17 34 8 28 12 6 Hård kritik mot två år försenat Max IV 17 Guldmedaljörer 2018 Max IV är över två år försenat. Bara tre av de sju första experiment- En professor i reglerteknik, en industri- stationerna är klara. Styrelsen har fram till november på sig att presentera nestor, en it-säkerhetsexpert och en en åtgärdsplan så att forskningen kan bedrivas som planerat. professor i nationalekonomi. Möt IVA:s fyra guldmedaljörer 2018: Lennart 8 Utan gränser för ingenjörer Ljung, Anne-Marie Eklund Löwin- Ingenjörer utan gränser stöttar utveckling i utsatta regioner i världen genom der, Rune Andersson och Torsten teknik och ingenjörskunnande. För volontären Marianne Grauers var Persson. nio månader på landsbygden i Tanzania ett avbrott i karriären och ett Ingenjörer utan gränser minne för livet. fixar vatten i Tanzania 8 Lagförslag ska underlätta för forskare som använder register 12 IVAAKTUELLT NR 5 2018. GRUNDAD 1930 12 Dyrt och tidskrävande forska med register I Sverige finns hundratals register med personuppgifter om hälsa, boende, arbete, vård och behandling. De sägs ge svenska forskare konkurrensför- delar. Men det är ofta både dyrt och tidskrävande att använda registren. Ett lagförslag ska göra det enklare för forskare och öka skyddet för personer som lämnat uppgifter. MEDALJÖRER Rune Andersson Lennart Ljung Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder 28 När Sverige var stort på kärnenergi Torsten Persson Plastkulor var Bofors vapen 1950-talet – när Sverige Försenade experimentbyggen Kärnenergi och datorer var vid krigsslutet strategiska forskningsområden i marknadskrig om tandkräm var stort på Big science hot mot forskningen vid Max IV för Sverige. Arne Kaijser blickar tillbaka på 1950-talet och ser paralleller till två forskningsanläggningar som då byggdes i centrala Stockholm: kärn- Omslagsbild: André de Loisted kraftreaktorn, R1, och datamaskinen, BESK. 34 Plastkulor i tandkräm blev en flopp I slutet av 1960-talet lanserade Bofors en fluortandkräm som snabbt tog en 31 Minnesord över Lars Wohlin stor andel av marknaden. I den hade slipmedlen ersatts av mjuka plastku- 30–33 Noterat lor. Men efter något år störtdök försäljningen. Ryktet gick att plastkulorna Ny T-bana gör expansion av Storstockholm möjlig. kunde ge cancer. Fonder får ta smällen när pensionssystemet går back. IVA AKTUELLT ges ut av Kungl. Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien (IVA). Besöksadress: Grev Turegatan 16. Postadress: Box 5073, SE-102 42 Stockholm. Telefon växel: 08-791 29 00. Fax: 08-611 56 23. Webbplats: www.iva.se Ansvarig utgivare: Tuula Teeri, 08-791 29 71, [email protected] Chefredaktör: Lars Nilsson, 08-791 29 17, e-post: [email protected] AD: John Bark. Layout: Johan Holm, Mediagnos. Redaktionen e-post: [email protected] Prenumeration e-post: [email protected] Tryck: V-Tab, Vimmerby 2018. Upplaga: 7 000 exemplar. ISSN: 1401-1999 Allt material publiceras och lagras även elektroniskt. Förbehåll mot detta måste meddelas i förväg, men medges som regel ej. IVA AKTUELLT 3 IVA AKTUELLT TNC Vårdare av teknik- termer läggs ner FOTO: PÄR RÖNNBERG PÄR FOTO: Vid årsskiftet går språkinstitu- tionen TNC i graven. Termino- logicentrum (TNC) mister sitt statsbidrag och kan inte driva verksamheten vidare som ett nationellt kompetenscentrum inom språkvård och termino- logi. Ansvaret för uppkomsten av nya tekniska termer och facktermer tas nu över av Språkrådet. TNC är ett aktie- bolag, med ägare och styrelse, ”Vi ska visa både företag och forskare att det finns en oanvänd potential som kan utnyttjas genom mer samarbete. Sverige är i form av ett konsultföretag. ett litet, konkurrensutsatt land som måste ta tillvara alla möjligheter”, säger Malin Mohr, som är projektledare. Men med ett statligt uppdrag och anslag från Kulturdepar- RESEARCH2BUSINESS tementet för ett verka som ett centrum för terminologi inom teknikområdet. Tekniska nomenklaturcen- tralen, som var det ursprung- Så ska forskning liga namnet, bildades som en ideell förening vid ett möte på IVA 1941 där deltog repre- sentanter för statliga verk, få större nytta tekniska föreningar och andra organisationer. Vid starten Stora summor satsas på akademisk forskning. Och forskarna är framgångsrika, förbands sig ett antal företag att ge ekonomiskt stöd och ett men än mer av deras rön kan bli nya företag eller sätta turbofart på befintliga. kansli upprättades i ASEA:s hemstad Västerås. 2009 blev Ett nytt IVA-projekt, stora företag med akademisk näringsliv och samhälle. Mö- TNC ett aktiebolag och då lan- Research2Business, ska öka forskning ska användas. tesplatsen blir också digital och serades också Rikstermbanken möjligheterna för att forsk- Teknikföretagen, KK-stiftelsen tillgänglig alla dagar året runt. på internet. ning på svenska högskolor och och PRV, med sina nätverk, universitet kommer till nytta. är exempelvis engagerade i Ett mentorprogram med Receptet är enkelt. Förbättra projektet. forskare och personer från kontakterna mellan lärosäten näringslivet ingår även det i TEKNIKSPRÅNGET
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