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Die Kelten Bei Dionysios Von Halikarnassos“

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Die Kelten Bei Dionysios Von Halikarnassos“ DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die Kelten bei Dionysios von Halikarnassos“ Verfasserin Zéa Frana, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 327 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Individuelles Diplomstudium Keltologie Betreuer: Mag. Dr. Andreas Hofeneder Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ......................................................................................................... Seite 1 1. Dionysios von Halikarnassos ....................................................................... Seite 3 1.1. Leben und Werk ........................................................................................ Seite 3 1.2. Romaikē Archaiologia – antiquitates Romanae ....................................... Seite 6 1.3. Dionysios als Historiograph ....................................................................... Seite 9 2. Die Überlieferung der Fragmente und deren Publikation ........................ Seite 15 3. Die Kelten an sich und das Keltenbild bei den Autoren vor Dionysios .... Seite 21 3.1. Der Keltenbegriff ..................................................................................... Seite 21 3.2. Die Keltennachrichten bis Dionysios ........................................................ Seite 25 4. Die Textstellen ........................................................................................... Seite 35 4.1. Buch 1 ...................................................................................................... Seite 37 4.1.1. ant. Rom. 1, 10,3 = JACOBY, 1885, 16 ..................................................... Seite 37 4.1.2. ant. Rom. 1, 38,2 = JACOBY, 1885, 59-60 ................................................ Seite 38 4.1.3. ant. Rom. 1, 74,4 = JACOBY, 1885, 120 ................................................... Seite 39 4.1.4. ant. Rom. 1, 89,3 = JACOBY, 1885, 150 ................................................... Seite 41 4.2. Buch 7 ...................................................................................................... Seite 43 4.2.1. ant. Rom. 7, 3,1 = JACOBY, 1891, 5 ......................................................... Seite 43 4.2.2. ant. Rom. 7, 70,3-4 = JACOBY, 1891, 110-111 ........................................ Seite 44 4.3. Buch 13 .................................................................................................... Seite 46 4.3.1. ant. Rom. 13, 6 = JACOBY, 1905, 240-241 ............................................... Seite 47 4.3.2. ant. Rom. 13, 7-9 = JACOBY, 1905, 241-244 ............................................ Seite 50 4.3.3. ant. Rom. 13, 10-11 = JACOBY, 1904, 246-245 ........................................ Seite 58 4.3.4. ant. Rom. 13, 12 = JACOBY, 1905, 245-246 ............................................. Seite 70 4.4. Buch 14 .................................................................................................... Seite 77 4.4.1. ant. Rom. 14, 1 = PITTIA, 2002, 93 [F 14.A] ............................................. Seite 77 4.4.2. ant. Rom. 14, 2,3 = PITTIA, 2002, 94 [F 14.C] .......................................... Seite 85 4.4.3. ant. Rom. 14, 8-10 = PITTIA, 2002, 101-107 [F 14.K] .............................. Seite 86 4.4.4. ant. Rom. 14, 12 = PITTIA, 2002, 111 [F 14.M] ........................................ Seite 99 4.5. Buch 15 .................................................................................................. Seite 101 4.6. Buch 19 .................................................................................................. Seite 109 Conclusio & Schlussgedanken ...................................................................... Seite 111 Abkürzungen .................................................................................................. Seite 115 Bibliographie .................................................................................................. Seite 117 Appendix ....................................................................................................... Seite 125 Zusammenfassung / Abstract ...................................................................... Seite 211 Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................... Seite 215 Einleitung Die Berichte über die Kelten in den Werken der antiken Autoren stellen keine neutralen und objektiven Informationsquellen dar, denen man getrost Glauben schenken darf. Sie sind durch die Gesinnung und Herkunft des jeweiligen Autors stark beeinflusst. Zu Beginn der literarischen Aufzeichnung wurde über die Kelten nur dann berichtet wenn sich mit Römern oder Griechen Berührungspunkte ergaben. Mit der Eroberung Roms sowie den Sturm auf Delphi rückten sie jedoch endgültig ins Blickfeld der römischen und hellenistischen Welt und es kam in der Literatur zu einer intensiveren Auseinandersetzung mit ihnen. Infolge dieser traumatischen Ereignisse wurde ein Bild von den Kelten gezeichnet, welches weit davon entfernt war, positiv zu sein, sondern geschmückt war mit Topoi und Darstellungen, die der Realität kaum entsprachen. Diese Art der Berichterstattung ist bei vielen Autoren (Polybios, Livius, etc.) wiederzufinden. Auch der griechische Rhetor und Historiker Dionysios von Halikarnassos, der mit seinen antiquitates Romanae im ersten vorchristlichen Jahrhundert eine Geschichte Roms von den Ursprüngen bis zum Beginn des ersten Punischen Krieges verfasste, erwähnt die Kelten darin immer wieder und vermittelt so seine Vorstellungen sowie die seiner Quellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, welche Einstellung zu den Kelten bzw. welches Bild der Kelten sich in den antiquitates Romanae des Dionysios erkennen lässt. Dazu werden die Stellen seines Werkes, die sich auf die Kelten beziehen, sowie deren Kontext besprochen, das Keltenbild herausgearbeitet und mit dem anderer antiker Autoren verglichen. Als Ausgangspunkt dafür dient Bernhard Kremers Arbeit Das Bild der Kelten bis in Augusteische Zeit1, in der er die Ansichten und Einstellungen mehrere Autoren den Kelten gegenüber untersucht und sich in einem Kapitel seines Buches auch Dionysios widmet2. Er analysiert dort einige, jedoch nicht alle, relevante Stellen der antiquitates Romanae und kam zu der Erkenntnis, dass Dionysios zwar nichts grundlegend neues zu dem Keltenbild antiker Autoren beiträgt, jedoch mit den vielfältigen Topoi, die sie betreffen, gut vertraut war.3 Da es noch einige andere interessante Aspekte in Dionysios‘ 1 Bernhard KREMER, Das Bild der Kelten bis in Augusteische Zeit – Studien zur Instrumentalisierung eines antiken Feindbildes bei griechischen und römischen Autoren, Stuttgart 1994. 2 KREMER, 1994, 321-329. 3 KREMER, 1994, 329. 1 Die Kelten bei Dionysios von Halikarnassos Werk zu beobachten gibt, hoffe ich mit der erneuten Auseinandersetzung der Kelten bei Dionysios ergänzend zu Kremers Veröffentlichung wirken zu können. Um diesem Vorhaben den entsprechenden Rahmen zu verleihen, werden im ersten Kapitel dieser Arbeit zunächst der Autor selbst, sein Werk und seine Intention vorgestellt. Das zweite Kapitel setzt sich mit der Überlieferung der antiquitates Romanae auseinander, deren für die Kelten relevanten Bücher leider nur mehr in Auszügen erhalten sind, und bespricht kurz die wichtigsten Editionen und Übersetzungen. Danach wird im dritten Kapitel ein kurzer Überblick über den Keltenbegriff der antiken Welt sowie die wichtigsten Keltennachrichten der Autoren bis Dionysios gegeben, um eine etwas genauere Vorstellung zu vermitteln, wie die Kelten zur Zeit des Dionysios gesehen wurden und auf welche literarischen Gemeinplätze er bereits zurückgreifen konnte. Das Kernstück dieser Arbeit stellt das vierte Kapitel dar, in welchem schließlich sämtliche Stellen, in denen Dionysios die Kelten erwähnt, vorgestellt werden. Es wird ihr historischer und kultureller Kontext herausgearbeitet und besprochen, sowie Vergleiche mit anderen antiken Autoren, deren Beschreibungen, Sichtweisen und historischen Ausführungen gezogen. Schließlich wird die jeweilige Stelle auf Relevanz für Dionysios‘ Keltenbild geprüft und dieses gegebenenfalls herausgearbeitet. Abgerundet wird diese Arbeit durch eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf Dionysios und sein Keltenbild. Neben dem bereits erwähnten Werk von Kremer waren für diese Arbeit insbesondere die Publikation von Emilio Gabba (Dionysios and the history of archaic Rome) sowie die von Sylvie Pittia herausgegebene kommentierte Textausgabe der letzten sieben Büchern der antiquitates Romanae von großer Bedeutung. 2 1. Dionysios von Halikarnassos 1.1. Leben und Werk Der griechische Historiker Dionysios von Halikarnassos lebte im ersten vorchristlichen Jahrhundert und stammte aus der sich am Golf von Keramos befindlichen Küstenstadt Halikarnassos. Er zog aus seiner Heimatstadt nach Rom und verfasste dort seine Romaikē Archaiologia, deren moderner Titel antiquitates Romanae lautet und mit Römischer Urge- schichte übersetzt werden kann.4 Laut Dionysios selbst fand sein Umzug nach Rom nach Octavians Sieg über Marc Anton bei Actium in der Mitte der 187. Olympiade statt (1, 7,2), also ca. im Jahr 30 v. Chr.5 Leider gibt es Dionysios betreffend nicht allzu viele Informatio- nen. Nahezu alle Daten über ihn, die im Rahmen der Forschung verwendet werden, ent- stammen autobiographischen Notizen, die er in seine Werke einfließen ließ. Über das Le- ben, das er vor seinem Romaufenthalt geführt hat, ist nichts bekannt. Man weiß lediglich, dass der Name seines Vaters Alexander
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