Extrusion and Drawing

Extrusion and Drawing Manufacturing Processes Outline Extrusion Extrusion of Metals Extrusion Defects Extrusion Equipment Extrusion of Nonmetals Drawing Drawing Process Drawing Equipment Extrusion A compression process in which the material is forced to flow through an opening to produce a shape with a specific cross- section input die product pump Examples of Extruded Parts Extrusion Metals Nonmetals Metal Extrusion Direct Extrusion A ram compresses the material, forcing it through the die Indirect Extrusion The die is mounted on the ram; the material is forced out in the opposite direction of the ram movement Direct Extrusion Indirect Extrusion Extrusion Extrusion Metal Flow Example of an Extrusion Machine Extrusion Extrusion Hot Extrusion Involves pre-heating the material above the recrystallization temperature to increase ductility Cold Extrusion Does not pre-heat material; used to produce parts in finished or near-finished form Extrusion Cold extrusion advantages: - Improved mechanical properties from work-hardening - Good control of dimensional tolerances - Improved surface finish (no oxide film) - No heating required - Competitive production rates and costs Extruded Metals Typical extruded metals (hot or cold) Aluminum, copper, magnesium, zinc, tin and alloys of these Steel alloys are usually extruded hot; softer steels may be extruded cold Others such as titanium and refractory metals may be extruded, but with difficulty Extruded Metals Extrusion Temperature Ranges Lead 200-250 °C Aluminum and its alloys 375-475 °C Copper and its alloys 650-975 °C Steels 875-1300 °C Refractory alloys 975-2200 °C Extrusion Defects Extrusion Dies Extrusion Dies Example of an Extrusion Die Extrusion of Nonmetals Materials rubber plastic solvents candy glass Products window seals door seals hose and tubing wire insulation candy canes Hot Feed and Cold Feed Extrusion Ribbon Pellets Cold Feed Extrusion Heating/melting Hot Feed Extrusion Temperature zones Extrusion of Nonmetals Candy Canes cone rollers candy Extrusion of Nonmetals Window Seals Cold Feed Extrusion input die windup extruder takeaway belt die Extrusion of Nonmetals Plastic Bags extruder die air cutting and sealing Example of a Dual Extruded Product Dual Extrusion Opposed Head extruder extruder die Piggy Back die extruder extruder Dual Extrusion – White Side Wall Black rubber die White rubber die Exit die Wire, Tube, Bar, Rod Drawing Extrusion pushes the material through the die; drawing pulls the material through the die Drawing Products electrical wire cable wire stock for fences, hangers, shopping carts etc. rod stock for nails, screws, rivets, springs etc. metal bars Drawing Process Advantages: - Close dimensional control - Good surface finish - Improved strength and hardness - Adaptability to mass production Drawing of a Wire Drawing Drawing Preparation of the work material: 1. Annealing 2. Cleaning 3. Pointing Single and Multi Stage Drawing Gold Gold is the most ductile metal that exists. 4 pounds of gold can be drawn into a wire that stretches across the country. Tube and Bar Drawing Draw Bench Production Process Summary Extrusion and drawing provide ways to form shapes with uniform cross sections at high production rates .

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Ats 34 and 154 Cm Stainless Heat Treat Procedure
ATS 34 AND 154 CM STAINLESS HEAT TREAT PROCEDURE This is an oil hardening grade of steel which will require oil quenching. The oil should be a warm, thin quenching oil that contains a safe flash point. Olive oil has been used as a sub stitute. As a rule of thumb, there should be a gallon of oil for each pound of steel. For , warming the oil before quenching, you may heat a piece of steel and drop it in the oil. 1.) Wrap blades in stainless tool wrap and leave an extra two inches on each end of the package. (This will be for handling purposes going into the quench as described below.) We suggest a double wrap for this grade. The edges of the foil should be double crimped, being careful to avoid hav ing even a pin hole in the wrap. 2 . ) Place in the furnace and heat to 1900"F. After reaching this temperature, immediately start timing the soak time of 25-30 minutes. 3.) After the soak time has elapsed, very quickly and carefully pull the package out with tongs~ place over the quench tank and snip the end of the package allowing the blades to drop into the oil. You should have a wire basket in the quench tank for raising and lowering the blades rather than have them lie s till. Gases are released in the quench and would form a "trap" around the steel unless you keep them movi~g for a minute or so. *IMPORTANT--It is very important that the blades enter the oil quench as quickly as possible after leaving the furnace ! Full hardness would not be reached if this step is not followed.
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A Comparison of Thixocasting and Rheocasting
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Signature Redacted
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Conventional Deep Drawing Vs Incremental Deep Drawing
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Electroless Nickel Plating
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Metal Extrusion and Drawing Processes and Equipment
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Development Structural of a Wire Drawing and Extrusion Bench
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Advanced Materials Manufacturing & Characterization Redrawing of EDD
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Electroplater
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UDK 621.77:004.946:669.14.018.8:620.1 ISSN 1580-2949 Original scientific article/Izvirni znanstveni ~lanek MTAEC9, 50(6)961(2016) B. SENER, H. KURTARAN: MODELING THE DEEP DRAWING OF AN AISI 304 STAINLESS-STEEL ... 961–965 MODELING THE DEEP DRAWING OF AN AISI 304 STAINLESS-STEEL RECTANGULAR CUP USING THE FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD AND AN EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION MODELIRANJE GLOBOKEGA VLEKA PRAVOKOTNE ^A[E IZ AISI 304 NERJAVNEGA JEKLA Z METODO KON^NIH ELEMENTOV IN Z EKSPERIMENTALNIM PREVERJANJEM Bora Sener1, Hasan Kurtaran2 1Yildiz Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey 2Gebze Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kocaeli, Turkey [email protected], [email protected] Prejem rokopisa – received: 2015-09-06; sprejem za objavo – accepted for publication: 2015-11-16 doi:10.17222/mit.2015.278 In this paper the deep drawing of a rectangular cup from AISI 304 stainless steel sheet was investigated numerically and experi- mentally. The finite-element method was used for computer modeling of the deep-drawing process. The thickness distribution predicted from the finite-element analysis was compared with experimental measurements. It was observed that the numerical results agree well with the experimental values. The minimum thickness was observed at the punch radius in both the simulation and experiment. Keywords: deep drawing, rectangular cup, finite element, stainless steel V ~lanku je bil numeri~no in eksperimentalno preiskovan globoki vlek pravokotne ~a{e iz plo~evine iz nerjavnega jekla AISI 304. Za ra~unalni{ko modeliranje procesa globokega vleka je bila uporabljena metoda kon~nih elementov. Iz analize kon~nih elementov napovedana razporeditev debeline je bila primerjana z eksperimentalnimi meritvami.
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ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor & UGC Approved Journal) Website: www.ijirset.com Vol. 6, Issue 9, September 2017 Develop Experimental Setup of Hydroforming to Reduce Wrinkle Formation Pruthvi Patel 1, Jahnvi Gaekwad 2, Prem Patel 3, Jaimil Gandhi 4, Mitesh Patel 5 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology College, Savli, Gujarat, India1,2,3,4 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.J. Institute of Engineering &Technology College, Savli, Gujarat, India5 ABSTRACT: Sheet hydroforming is a process that uses fluid pressure for deformation of a blank into a die cavity of desired shape. This process has high potential to manufacture complex auto body parts and other sheet metal parts. This process is very useful for light weight material including low carbon/ mild steel for chassis and side rails, aluminium and its alloy for automotive body, stainless steel for exhaust system parts. Experimental setup has been developed to investigate the process parameter and some experimental studies have been conducted on materials like aluminium and copper by varying sheet thickness and also considering different fluid pressure value. Purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of selected process parameters like material type, thickness and fluid pressure on wrinkle formation. The experimental investigation also indicates that as the fluid pressure increases wrinkle formation reduces irrespective of material type and thickness variation. KEYWORDS: Forming, Hydroforming, Sheet Metal Hydroforming, Wrinkle Formation. I. INTRODUCTION Forming is the manufacturing method for deforming the ductile material into desired shape without material wastage.
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