Two New Species of Actenodes Dejean
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Two new species of Actenodes Dejean (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from southern Mexico, with distributional and biological notes on Buprestidae from Mexico and Central America Author(s): Ted C. MacRae and Charles L. Bellamy Source: Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 89(2):102-119. 2013. Published By: Pacific Coast Entomological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3956/2013-05.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3956/2013-05.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 89(2):102–119, (2013) Two new species of Actenodes Dejean (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from southern Mexico, with distributional and biological notes on Buprestidae from Mexico and Central America 1 2,3 TED C. MACRAE AND CHARLES L. BELLAMY 1Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017-1700, U.S.A. Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2California Department of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Lab, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California 95832, U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Actenodes scabrosus sp. nov. from Michoaca´n, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Puebla, and Actenodes michoacanus sp. nov. from Michoaca´n, are described, illustrated, and compared to related species. Distributional and biological notes are presented for 65 other species of Buprestidae from Mexico and Central America in the following genera: Acmaeodera (s. str.) Eschscholtz 1829, Actenodes Dejean 1833, Agrilaxia Kerremans 1903, Agrilus (s. str.) Curtis 1825, Amorphosoma Laporte 1835, Aphanisticus Latreille 1829, Brachys Dejean 1833, Chrysobothris (s. str.) Eschscholtz 1829, Halecia Laporte & Gory 1837, Hiperantha (s. str.) Gistel 1834, Jelinekia Cobos 1980, Mixochlorus Waterhouse 1887, Oaxacanthaxia Bellamy 1991, Pachyschelus Solier 1833, Paragrilus Saunders 1871, Paratyndaris (s. str.) Fisher 1919, Pelycothorax Bellamy & Westcott 1996, Polycesta (Arizonica) Cobos 1981, and Polycesta (Tularensia) Nelson 1997. The records presented represent four new country and 25 new state records for Mexico, one species removed from the list of species from Mexico, one new country record for Nicaragua, 75 new adult host records and 24 new flower visitation records. Key Words. Actenodes michoacanus, Actenodes scabrosus, Buprestidae, Central America, Coleoptera, distribution, host plants, Mexico, new species. The buprestid fauna of Mexico, as currently recognized, includes 847 described species and subspecies, with 21 described species of the genus Actenodes Dejean 1833 (Bellamy 2008). However, the actual fauna is much larger due to numerous undescribed forms. Despite this diversity, details about distribution and host plant associations remain scarce or nonexistent for many species. The situation has improved in recent years with the inclusion of precise locality and host plant information in several revisionary and faunal works (e.g., Hespenheide 1990, 2002; Hespenheide et al. 2011; Nelson 1975a; Nelson & Bellamy 2004; Nelson et al. 1981; Westcott 2008; Westcott & Hespenheide 2006; Westcott et al. 1979, 1990, 2008); however, detailed understanding of biogeographical patterns and host utilization in the Mexican fauna remains elusive due to the paucity of published distributions and hosts for a majority of species. Recent collecting of Buprestidae by the authors in the southern Mexican states of Guerrero, Michoaca´n, Oaxaca and Puebla has revealed the presence of several undescribed species, including the two described in this paper, and forms the basis for the bulk of records presented in the notes that follow. New records gleaned from the collected material are augmented with additional new records from Mexico and Central America provided by several colleagues. Altogether, 65 species are discussed, with the data presented representing four new 3 Current address: 8539 Daimler Way, Sacramento, California 95828 U.S.A. MACRAE & BELLAMY: 2013 TWO NEW ACTENODES FROM MEXICO WITH NOTES 103 country and 25 new state records for Mexico, one species removed from the list of species from Mexico, one new country record for Nicaragua, 75 new adult host records and 24 new flower visitation records. The two new species described and records presented herein bring to 852 the number of recognized species and subspecies known from Mexico. Photographs were taken with a Canon 50D and EF 100mm f/2.4 macro lens (dorsal habitus) or MP-E 65 mm 1-5X macro lens and adjusted in Photoshop Elements 6 for levels, color, contrast and sharpness. Measurements were made using a vernier caliper with 0.05-mm precision, with length measured from the front of the head to the elytral apices and width at the widest point. Holotype label data are cited verbatim, with data from individual labels enclosed within ‘‘quotes,’’ data on separate lines separated by a vertical bar ‘‘|’’ and annotations enclosed within [square brackets] (‘‘h’’ 5 handwritten; ‘‘p’’ 5 printed). Label data for non-primary types and specimens cited in the records section are presented, as available, in standardized format for consistency and to minimize ambiguity (country, state, place name, geographical coordinates, elevation, date of collection, number of specimens, host plant or other ecological information, collector, and collection abbreviation in [square brackets]). Dates are formatted as ‘‘day.month (Roman numerals).year’’ and are followed by number of specimens collected in parentheses [e.g., 17.X.2006 (3)]. The following abbreviations are used: elev 5 elevation; ex 5 from; Hwy 5 Highway; Jct 5 junction; km 5 kilometers; m 5 meters; mi 5 miles; nr 5 near; Rd 5 Road. Taxa in the records section are listed alphabetically, with countries (Mexico if not stated) and states indicated in ALL CAPS and newly recorded distributions and host plants denoted by bold text. Host plants were identified by Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Mexico or Missouri Botanical Garden botanists (see Acknowledg- ment) using voucher samples of plants from which adults were collected, with the terms ‘‘larval host,’’ ‘‘adult host’’ and ‘‘flower host’’ used sensu MacRae (2006). Plant nomenclature follows Tropicos (2013) or, for names not listed in that resource, The Plant List (2010). If no collector or collection abbreviation is stated, then the specimen or specimens were collected by the first author and are deposited TCMC. Collection abbreviations follow Evenhuis & Samuelson (2007) or as listed in the acknowledgments. Actenodes scabrosus, sp. nov. Figs. 1–3, 10 Diagnosis. Moderately robust, convex above and below, elytra widest near middle and narrowing apically; moderately shining, dark bronze above, elytral surface scabrous punctate with weak but visible to obsolete costae and faint aeneo-cupreous antemedian and postmedian zigzag markings, dark cupreous below, front of head in male with faint aeneous tint on upper frontoclypeus turning to brilliant cupreous and then bright green on lower frontoclypeus and labrum; eyes separated on vertex by more than length of antennomere 3; metatibia without area of condensed setae at middle of outer border. Description. Holotype male (Figs. 1–2, 10). Size 18.10 mm long 3 7.15 mm wide; dark bronze above, elytra with faint antemedian and postmedian zigzag markings closest near middle, the latter more distinct, each faintly margined on the outside with blue or purple, area between markings with faint blue-purple luster, dark cupreous below, cupreous tints on upper frontoclypeus, antennal sockets, lower 104 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 89(2) Figures 1–9. Actenodes spp. 1–3. Actenodes scabrosus. 1–2. Male holotype. 1. Dorsal habitus. 2. Frontal view. 3. Female paratype (Guerrero). 4–6. A. calcaratus. 4–5. Male (MEXICO, Guerrero, Hwy 95, 5 km S Milpillas, 7.VII.1992, ‘‘big dead tree’’, G. H. Nelson [FSCA]). 4. Dorsal habitus. 5. Frontal view. 6. Female (MEXICO, Hwy 95, 2 km S Milpillas, 6.VII.1992, on Acacia farnesiana,G. H. Nelson [FSCA]), frontal view. 7–9. A. michoacanus. 7–8. Male holotype. 7. Dorsal view. 8. Frontal view. 9. Female paratype, frontal view. All scale bars 5 5 mm. genae, palps, scutellum, some areas of thoracic ventrites, and along basal margin of abdominal ventrites, upper frontoclypeus brilliant cupreous turning to bright green along midline impression, lower frontoclypeus and labrum bright green, antennae and tarsi faint with dark blue reflections. Head with front flat, glabrous, faintly impressed medially; punctures coarse, dense, rugose on lower frontoclypeus, becoming less dense and rugose on upper frontoclypeus and less coarse on vertex; obliquely arcuate carina above and inside antennal socket; surface with smooth area at midline on frontoclypeus and vertex