Amapá, Brazil

Jurisdictional indicators brief

State area: 142,829 km² (1.68% of Brazil) Original forest area: 113,107 km² Current forest area (2019): 110,340 km² (77.3% of Amapá) Yearly deforestation (2019) 32 km² Yearly deforestation rate (2019) 0.03% Interannual deforestation change +33% (2018-2019) Accumulated deforestation (2001-2019): 640 km² Protected conservation areas: 90,776 km² (63.6% of Amapá) Carbon stocks (2015): 1,384 millions tons (above ground biomass) Representative crops (2018): Cassava (105,648 tons); Soybean (53,770 tons); Bananas and plantains (14,860 tons) Value of agricultural production (2016): $92,213,189 USD More on jurisdictional sustainability State of jurisdictional sustainability

Forest and people In 2019, the estimated area of tropical forest in the state of Amapá was 110,340 km2, equivalent to 77.3% of the state’s total area, and to 3.5% of the tropical forest remaining in the nine states of the Brazilian legal Amazon. The total accumulated forest lost during the period 2004-2019 was 640 km2, equivalent to 0.6% of the forest area remaining in 2004. Amapá concentrated about 3.7% of the carbon reserves stored in the biomass of the Brazilian tropical forest (about 1,384 mt C as of 2019). a DRAFTb 100% 77.3% of the state is covered with forest 80% 77.3%

60%

3.5% of Brazilian tropical forest area 40%

20%

3.7% of Brazilian tropical forest carbon stock 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2004 2019 No forest (%) Deforestation (%) Forest (%) Figure 1: a) forest share and b) transition of forest to deforestation over the last years

There were 0.8 million people living in Amapá as of 2020, distributed in 16 municipalities, with 0.5 million people living in the capital city of Macapá. The state has formally designated conservation areas and indigenous territories, which respectively represent 64% and 8% of the state. There were an estimated 7,344 indigenous people living in the state in 2010 (see Figure 2).

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-1 Report created July 15, 2020 Figure 2: Map of most populated places (> 40,000 people) and indigenous and protected areas in Amapá Deforestation The state of Amapá has traditionally registered low deforestation rates. After reaching a maximum of 100 km2 in 2008, Amapá progressively reduced its yearly deforestation, keeping it under 31 km2 after 2012. The state reached the lowest deforestation in 2001 with 7 km2. The deforestation in Amapá in 2019 was 32 km2 representing an interannual decrease of 33% with respect to 2018. With this reduction in 2019, Amapá presented the best forest conservation performance among the Brazilian states concentrating less than 0.32% of the total deforestation of the legal Amazon, and the smallest deforestation rate (0.03%). The state’s current deforestation is 100% above the reference baseline 1996-2005, and 3% above the reference baseline 1996-2015 (see Figure 3). 88% of the deforestation is located in the five most affected municipalities in the state (see Figure 4). The municipality of Oiapoque consistently registeredDRAFT the largest loss of tropical forest over the last years, reaching a maximum of 40 km2 lost in 2001. In 2019 the deforestation in Oiapoque was 7 km2.

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-2 Report created July 15, 2020 100

75 66

50 value 39 32 25 25 25

98 01 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1997 2019

Amazon deforestation Average 3−year deforestation Deforestation baseline Figure 3: Yearly deforestation (푘푚2) and deforestation baseline

a b 2020 7

2015

2010 Year

2005 DRAFT 78 2000

Macapá Pracuúba Mazagão Oiapoque Calçoene Porto Grande Ferreira Gomes Laranjal do Jari Tartarugalzinho

Pedra Branca do Amapari Km2 Km2 0 20 40 60 2 4 6 Figure 4: a) Yearly deforestation by municipalities in 2019 b) Yearly deforestation in top 10 most affected municipalities (푘푚2)

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-3 Report created July 15, 2020 Table 1: Forest and deforestation indicators in the state of Amapá Year Forest (km2) Deforestation Deforestation rate (%) Annual variation (%) 2004 111,024 46 0.04 84 2005 110,922 33 0.03 -28.3 2006 110,862 30 0.03 -9.1 2007 110,814 39 0.04 30 2008 110,721 100 0.09 156.4 2009 110,622 70 0.06 -30 2010 110,575 53 0.05 -24.3 2011 110,504 66 0.06 24.5 2012 110,488 27 0.02 -59.1 2013 110,469 23 0.02 -14.8 2014 110,445 31 0.03 34.8 2015 110,416 25 0.02 -19.4 2016 110,397 17 0.02 -32 2017 110,385 24 DRAFT0.02 41.2 2018 110,366 24 0.02 0 2019 110,340 32 0.03 33.3

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-4 Report created July 15, 2020 DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-5 Report created July 15, 2020 Burned area According to the NASA-USGS analysis of MODIS satellite observations, the average yearly burned area in Amapá was 806 km2 for the period 2010-2020. This figure includes burned areas due to fires in forest, savannahs and opened agricultural areas. The burned area in 2019 was 871 km2 and the worst year in the last decade was 2015 with 1,585 km2 burned. In most years, the months of November and October represented the peak of the fire season (see Figure 5).

12 1 141 505 26 113 250 218 132 7

11 16 99 610 111 300 758 494 343 75 238

10 396 216 285 241 133 374 423 108 371 475

9 58 174 172 99 165 193 111 65 106 133

8 5 8 4 2 18 18 19 17

7 1 4 8

Month 6

5 2

2 2 1

1 5 1 6 1 1 1

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year DRAFT1,585 1,500

2 1,000 871 m K

500 477

12 14 16 18 2010 2019 year Figure 5: Monthly burned area since 2010 (km2). Source: EII analysis of MODIS-MCD64

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-6 Report created July 15, 2020 Emissions from deforestation The accumulated emissions from deforestation in the state of Amapá between 2000 and 2019 amount to 84 million tons of CO2eq, which was equivalent to 0.7% of the total emissions from deforestation in the legal Amazon during this period. Considering the observed yearly deforestation, the mean carbon density of the state’s forest and the business as usual deforestation baseline, the accumulated gross avoided emissions from deforestation during the period from 2006 to 2019 was 28 million tons of CO2eq. This results from summing avoided emissions during the period from 2006 to 2019 in which the deforestation was lower than the business as usual deforestation baseline.

a b

20 3 2.94

2.01 2

10.69 10

7.49

1 Emissions CO2eq (Millions tons) 5 Avoided emissions CO2 (Millions tons) Avoided

1.95 2.03

0 0 0

02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 08 10 12 14 16 18 2000 2019 2006 2019

Figure 6: Emissions from deforestation (left) and avoided emissions (right) (CO2eq Millions tons) DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-7 Report created July 15, 2020 Livestock

Table 2: Livestock indicators in Amapá

Cattle Pig Poultry Fish Year 2018 2018 2018 2015 Herd size: 55,422 30,736 85,314 Slaughtered heads: NA NA NA Meat production NA NA NA (tons): Value (thousands): R$4,670 BRL

0.15

0.10

0.15

Heads (Millions) 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.06

0.00 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2018 Yearly cattle herd size in the state of Amapá (2000−2018)

6 Meat production (thousand tons) 0.10 DRAFT 4

0.05 1.4 2 Slaughtered head (millions)

0.00 0.01 0

04 05 06 07 08 Yearly cattle meat output in terms of slaughtered heads and meat production (thousand tons) in the state of Amapá (2000−2018) Meat production (thousand tons) Slaughtered head (millions)

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-8 Report created July 15, 2020 Agriculture

Cassava 0.17 20 0.15 0.15 14 15 0.11 0.10 0.08 10 10 10 0.07 7 8 0.05 5

0 0.00

Soybean

20 Crop production (Millions tons) 20 0.15 16 15 0.10 10 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 5

0 0.00 Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Bananas and plantains

20 0.15

15 0.10 10 DRAFT 0.05 5 0.02 0.02 1 2 0.01 2 0.00 1 0 0.00

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2000 2018

Crop production (Millions tons) Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Figure 7: Harvested area and production of the three crops most produced in Amapá

http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-9 Report created July 15, 2020 Aquaculture The plot shows the aquaculture production in the state of Amapá over the last 6 years and the value of this production. The data includes production of fish such as Tambaqui, Skunk catfish, Pirapitinga or Tilapia and includes only activities related with fish farming under controlled conditions. Does not include fishing activities.1

800

6 Value (million $R) in local prices

600

4 400 3 823 Production (Tons) 452 2 200

0 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Production (Tons) Value in local prices (million $R) Figure 8: Yearly aquaculture production (tons) and value of production (Reales) in Amapá a b 2018 17 14 16 30 42 44 97 117 123 324

14 12 14 27 38 39 89 107 116 298

2016 13 11 12 25 31 35 79 100 109 270 Year DRAFT12 10 10 23 28 31 73 91 106 262

2014 2 8 9 19 22 25 60 73 91 198

2 7 17 19 21 56 65 80 185

Amapá Macapá Calçoene Oiapoque

Vitória do Jari Serra do Navio Tartarugalzinho Laranjal do FerreiraJari Gomes

Pedra Branca do Amapari Tons Tons 100 200 300 100 200 300 Figure 9: a) Yearly aquaculture production (tons) in municipalities of Amapá in 2018. b) Yearly aquaculture production by municipalities (Tons)

1The value of production don’t include the class Shellfish seeds, Shrimp, Shrimp larvae and post-larvae, Oysters, scallops and mussels, Other products (frog, alligator, crab, lobster, etc.) and Alevinos. http://earthinnovation.org BR-AP-10 Report created July 15, 2020