FRENCH BROAD BASIN the Cherokee Indians Already Had Countless Names for the French Broad River by the Time White Huntsmen First Approached This Mountain Region

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FRENCH BROAD BASIN the Cherokee Indians Already Had Countless Names for the French Broad River by the Time White Huntsmen First Approached This Mountain Region RIVER FRENCH BROAD BASIN The Cherokee Indians already had countless names for the French Broad River by the time white huntsmen first approached this mountain region. Their river was “Long Man” and its tributaries “Chattering Children.” Va profile: The settlers were more literal in their naming of the Total miles of river. They had already encountered wide streams, streams: or “broads,” that flowed away from the ocean that 3,985 they or their parents had crossed. But this river ran Total acres of lakes: northwest, into what was then French territory, and 1,736 eventually joined the mighty Mississippi. To the newcomers, it was plainly the French Broad. Municipalities within basin: 24 The headwaters of the French Broad River spill from a 50-foot waterfall in Transylvania County. Counties Known as Court House Falls, the waterfall rushes into a creek that feeds the North Fork, which within basin: 8 joins the West Fork near Rosman and eventually the Middle and East forks to form the French Size: 2,830 Broad. About half of the land surrounding these headwater streams is forested, with much square miles of the basin within the Pisgah National Forest or Pisgah Game Lands. Steep slopes limit the Population: land area suitable for building and farming. In fact, the tallest mountain east of the Mississippi 393,795 River rises from this basin—Mount Mitchell stretches 6,684 feet skyward. Cold Mountain, (2000 U.S. Census) immor talized by the novel and film of the same name, rises 6,030 feet above the Shining Rock Wilderness area. The French Broad originates from a tiny waterfall (left); The French Broad River Basin drains land in both North Carolina and Tennessee. Besides the the basin’s Mount Mitchell French Broad River, the basin includes two other major watersheds in North Carolina: the Pigeon is the tallest peak in the and Nolichucky rivers—tributaries that join the French Broad in Tennessee. The Mills, David son East (below). and Swannanoa rivers are major tribu taries of the French Broad River in North Carolina. BEN T. WALTERS BILL LEA USFWS Pink Beds A large, flat valley with- in the Pisgah National Forest’s Cradle of For- estry area contains the most extensive system of “upland valley” bogs and marshes in the Southern Appalachians, according to the N.C. BILL LEA Natural Heritage Pro- Trout are abundant in the upper reaches of the basin, and many waters A bobcat makes a rare gram. These wetlands have such good quality that the state classifies them as Outstanding daytime appearance, are home to North Resource Waters. About 263 miles of Outstanding Resource Waters framed in fall foliage. Caro lina’s largest pop - in the basin include most of the South Fork Mills River, the South Toe ulation of the swamp River (which joins the Nolichucky River) and Cataloochee Creek and its feeder streams (which pink (pictured above), a plant in the lily family empty into the Pigeon River). These waters receive extra protection due to excellent water that is federally listed as quality and exceptional ecological or recreational significance. a threatened spec ies. The entire area is nick - Unique plants and animals also distinguish the French Broad River Basin. It’s one of only two named the “Pink Beds” river basins in North Carolina where you’ll find the 9-inch aquatic salamander called the and got its name from common mudpuppy and the only basin with the distinctive turtle known as the Eastern spiny the resident pink- softshell. The Nolichucky, Cane and North Toe rivers contain several rare fish, notably almost bloom ing flowers that also include wild phlox the entire state population of sharphead darters. and moun tain laurels. WAYNE VAN DEVENDER WAYNE VAN DEVENDER The Eastern spiny softshell (far right) and the hell - bender (right) can both be found in the French Broad River Basin. ASHEVILLE IS THE BASIN’S LARGEST CITY. Several riverfront parks are part of a downtown revitaliza - tion in Asheville. Pad - dlers can access the French Broad at sev- eral sites within the city limits, and plans are under way for a 6-mile riverfront greenway. CHARLES BRASWELL JR. The most ecologically significant aquatic area in the basin is the lower section of the French Broad River from the town of Marshall to the Tennessee state line. Numerous fish species found in CHARLES BRASWELL JR. no other rivers of the state appear here, including the freshwater drum and mooneye. Two rare aquatic species live in the French Broad: the hellbender, a large, uncommon aquatic salamander, and the Appalachian elktoe, a freshwater mussel that is fed er ally listed as endan - gered. Recreation, including fishing and rafting, also makes the French Broad River an out - standing resource. Besides the basin’s ample trout fishing opportunities, the entire French Broad River supports a celebrated muskie fishery. Below Asheville, the river falls and tumbles, creating enough excitement to make “whitewatering” the main economy of Madison County. Rock Window There are nine rapids on the 8-mile section of river between Barnard and Hot Springs. The faulted and folded rocks of the Hot Springs GEORGE HUMPHRIES The Pigeon River below Canton has been area form an extraordi- nary geologic “window” affected for years by polluted discharge from where you can see sed- a paper mill. Now an employee-owned com - imentary rock buried pany, the mill releases much lower levels of under older metamor - contaminants and continues to improve its phic rock. Other nearby operation. Water quality in the Pigeon River earthly attractions has improved dramatically. Biologists in North include Paint Rock Carolina and Tennessee are beginning to and Lover’s Leap. reintroduce native snail, fish and mussel species to the river. Today, the Pigeon River is a progressively cleaner resource that sup - ports rafting, paddling and fishing. As in many areas across the state, the popu - lation in the French Broad River Basin is increas ing, particularly in Buncombe and Pigeon River Henderson counties. Population growth is often accompanied by the removal or alteration of natural areas, which may damage or destroy wildlife habitat and harm surrounding waters when pollutants wash into them. Many types of land use in the basin FRENCH BROAD are affecting the condition of receiving waters, including land develop - RIVER BASIN ment and construction activities, forestry operations, mining opera tions, orchards and cropland, animal feeding lots, failing septic systems, roads You may have noticed and parking lots. When improperly managed, these activities generate French Broad River Basin contaminants—including sediment, pesticides, fertilizers and animal signs posted along waste—that are carried to nearby waterways by rain and melted snow. high ways. These were created through a part- nership between the Nature lovers pause along The landscape of the French Broad River Basin has changed dramat - Office of Environmental the Appalachian Trail in the ically over a short period of time. Cultivated and uncultivated crop - Education and the N.C. Pisgah National Forest. land, along with pastureland, decreased by 91 percent between 1982 Department of Trans - BILL LEA portation with funding from the Federal Trans - por tation Enhance - ment Program. Signs in each of the state’s 17 river basins call atten - tion to basin boundaries and promote steward- ship of public waters. KEN TAYLOR, NCWRC N.C. DIVISION OF TOURISM, FILM AND SPORTS DEVELOPMENT Looking Glass Falls, Transylvania County (left); a whitewater kayaker finds thrills, not spills (above). JODY DUGGINS, NCWRC The Little River flows and 1997, while urban and developed areas through the 10,400-acre grew by more than 85 percent. This change is DuPont State Forest. most apparent around Fletcher, Flat Rock and Henderson ville in the upper French Broad region. These areas account for some of the highest growth rates in the basin. The pop ula - tion of Hendersonville has increased by 50 percent since 1990. In rapidly growing areas, Triple Falls, Dupont devel opment has historically redirected storm - State Forest water in a way that accelerates flooding and erosion. Proper land- KEN TAYLOR, NCWRC use design and management can help control View from Looking stormwater runoff in both urban and rural areas. Glass Rock Local organizations are cooperating to protect and promote the ecol - ogical and recreational importance of the entire French Broad River Basin. By working together, community organizations and natural resource agencies can combine professional expertise and local knowledge to determine the best way to protect the basin’s water resources. To learn how you can help, contact any of the organiza- tions listed on the back page. JODY DUGGINS, NCWRC State of North Carolina: Governor Michael F. Easley • North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Secretary William G. Ross Jr. • Office of Environmental Education: Director Lisa Tolley, Project Manager Rachel Golden • Editor Carla Burgess • Designer Kimberly KC Schott, Red Gate Design • Special Thanks North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission • Date: 2007 • 10,000 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $1,462 or $0.15 per copy. • This publication was funded through the Clean Water Act’s Section 319 Grant Program. • In the coming years, some river basin boundaries will change if the state moves forward with plans to modify them to coincide with federal maps. The Cape Fear, White Oak, Chowan, Pasquotank, Tar-Pamlico and Neuse basins would be the most significantly altered. Printed on recycled paper HIKING & BIKING Roan 12 Newland 14 MITCHELL AVERY L A N 1 O N T I o A T r Bakersville N S t H E h A R G O T S F F Burnsville o P I r e e n MADISON c R i v h YANCEY e r Hot 21 Springs Marshall Mt.
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